In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem of the rotating shallow water equations, which has height-dependent viscosities, arbitrarily large initial data and far field vacuum. Firstly, we establish the existence of the unique local regular solution, whose life span is uniformly positive as the viscosity coefficients vanish. Secondly, we prove the well-posedness of the regular solution for the inviscid flow. Finally, we show the convergence rate of the regular solution from the viscous flow to the inviscid flow in $L^{\infty}([0, T]; H^{s'})$ for any $s'\in [2, 3)$ with a rate of $\epsilon^{1-\frac{s'}{3}}$.
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