American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

March  2019, 24(3): 1079-1093. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2019007

Some remarks on an environmental defensive expenditures model

 1 Departamento de Ecuaciones Diferenciales y Análisis Numérico, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. de Correos 1160, 41080 Sevilla, Spain 2 Departament of Engineering, University Niccolò Cusano, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi, 3 00166, Roma, Italy 3 Department of Management, Polytechnic University of Marche, Piazza Martelli 8, 60121, Ancona (AN), Italy

Received  April 2017 Revised  October 2017 Published  March 2019 Early access  January 2019

Fund Project: This work has been partially supported by FEDER and the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad project MTM2015-63723-P and the Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa (Junta de Andalucía) under grant 2010/FQM314 and Proyecto de Excelencia P12-FQM-1492.

In this paper, we consider the environmental defensive expenditures model with delay proposed by Russu in [16] and obtain different results about stability of equilibria in the case of absence of delay. Moreover we provide a more detailed analysis of the stability for equilibria and Hopf bifurcation in the case with delay. Finally, we discuss possible modifications of the model in order to make it more accurate and realistic.

Citation: Tomás Caraballo, Renato Colucci, Luca Guerrini. Some remarks on an environmental defensive expenditures model. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2019, 24 (3) : 1079-1093. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2019007
References:

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References:
Figure of experiment 1: the fixed point is not stable, the solution diverges
Figures for Experiment 2: stable limit cycle.
Stability of the fixed point for $r<\delta$.
The solution of the system with delay and for $\tau = 8.6$ and $\tau = 9.8$ respectively.
The solution of the system with delay and for $\tau = 2.1, 2.3,117,121$.
There exists a positive stable fixed point and the second component of the solution takes negative values.
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