American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

ISSN:
1531-3492

eISSN:
1553-524X

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Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B

July 2018 , Volume 23 , Issue 5

Special issue on dynamical systems on graphs

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2018, 23(5): ⅰ-ⅲ doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.201805i +[Abstract](1834) +[HTML](180) +[PDF](83.21KB)
Abstract:
2018, 23(5): 1873-1893 doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018185 +[Abstract](1769) +[HTML](145) +[PDF](495.1KB)
Abstract:

In this article we consider asymptotic properties of network flow models with fast transport along the edges and explore their connection with an operator version of the Euler formula for the exponential function. This connection, combined with the theory of the regular convergence of semigroups, allows for proving that for fast transport along the edges and slow rate of redistribution of the flow at the nodes, the network flow semigroup (or its suitable projection) can be approximated by a finite dimensional dynamical system related to the boundary conditions at the nodes of the network. The novelty of our results lies in considering more general boundary operators than that allowed for in previous papers.

2018, 23(5): 1895-1915 doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018187 +[Abstract](1579) +[HTML](148) +[PDF](834.37KB)
Abstract:

A periodic behavior is a well observed phenomena in biological and economical systems. We show that evolutionary games on graphs with imitation dynamics can display periodic behavior for an arbitrary choice of game theoretical parameters describing social-dilemma games. We construct graphs and corresponding initial conditions whose trajectories are periodic with an arbitrary minimal period length. We also examine a periodic behavior of evolutionary games on graphs with the underlying graph being an acyclic (tree) graph. Astonishingly, even this acyclic structure allows for arbitrary long periodic behavior.

2018, 23(5): 1917-1930 doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018188 +[Abstract](1696) +[HTML](158) +[PDF](387.62KB)
Abstract:

Discrete-time finite-state dynamical systems on networks are often conceived as tractable approximations to more detailed ODE-based models of natural systems. Here we review research on a class of such discrete models $N$ that approximate certain ODE models $M$ of mathematical neuroscience. In particular, we outline several open problems on the dynamics of the models $N$ themselves, as well as on structural features of ODE models $M$ that allow for the construction of discrete approximations $N$ whose predictions will be consistent with those of $M$.

2018, 23(5): 1931-1944 doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018189 +[Abstract](2155) +[HTML](214) +[PDF](2616.59KB)
Abstract:

Explosive synchronization, an abrupt transition to a collective coherent state, has been the focus of an extensive research since its first observation in scale-free networks with degree-frequency correlations. In this work, we report several scenarios where a first-order transition to synchronization occurs driven by the presence of a dependence between dynamics and network structure. Therefore, different mechanisms are shown to be able to prevent the formation of a giant synchronization cluster for sufficient large values of the coupling constant in both mono and multilayer networks. Using the Kuramoto model as a reference, we show how for an arbitrary network topology and frequency distribution, a very general weighting procedure acting on the weight of the links delays the synchronization transition forming independent synchronization clusters which suddenly merge above a critical threshold of the coupling constant. A completely different scenario in adaptive and multilayer networks is introduced which gives rise to the emergence of an explosive synchronization when a feedback between the dynamics and structure is operating by means of dependence links weighted through the order parameter.

2018, 23(5): 1945-1973 doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018190 +[Abstract](1735) +[HTML](142) +[PDF](562.08KB)
Abstract:

We develop the theory of linear evolution equations associated with the adjacency matrix of a graph, focusing in particular on infinite graphs of two kinds: uniformly locally finite graphs as well as locally finite line graphs. We discuss in detail qualitative properties of solutions to these problems by quadratic form methods. We distinguish between backward and forward evolution equations: the latter have typical features of diffusive processes, but cannot be well-posed on graphs with unbounded degree. On the contrary, well-posedness of backward equations is a typical feature of line graphs. We suggest how to detect even cycles and/or couples of odd cycles on graphs by studying backward equations for the adjacency matrix on their line graph.

2018, 23(5): 1975-2004 doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018191 +[Abstract](1859) +[HTML](130) +[PDF](786.29KB)
Abstract:

We consider a finite population of individuals that can move through a structured environment using our previously developed flexible evolutionary framework. In the current paper the behaviour of the individuals follows a Markov movement model where decisions about whether they should stay or leave depends upon the group of individuals they are with at present. The interaction between individuals is modelled using a public goods game. We demonstrate that cooperation can evolve when there is a cost associated with movement. Combining the movement cost with a larger population size has a positive effect on the evolution of cooperation. Moreover, increasing the exploration time, which is the amount of time an individual is allowed to explore its environment, also has a positive effect. Unusually, we find that the evolutionary dynamics used does not have a significant effect on these results.

2018, 23(5): 2005-2020 doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018192 +[Abstract](1511) +[HTML](144) +[PDF](374.03KB)
Abstract:

In this paper we use comparison theorems from classical ODE theory in order to rigorously show that closures or approximations at individual or node level lead to mean-field models that bound the exact stochastic process from above. This will be done in the context of modelling epidemic spread on networks and the proof of the result relies on the observation that the epidemic process is negatively correlated (in the sense that the probability of an edge being in the susceptible-infected state is smaller than the product of the probabilities of the nodes being in the susceptible and infected states, respectively). The results in the paper hold for Markovian epidemics and arbitrary weighted and directed networks. Furthermore, we cast the results in a more general framework where alternative closures, other than that assuming the independence of nodes connected by an edge, are possible and provide a succinct summary of the stability analysis of the resulting more general mean-field models. While deterministic initial conditions are key to obtain the negative correlation result we show that this condition can be relaxed as long as extra conditions on the edge weights are imposed.

2018, 23(5): 2021-2041 doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018193 +[Abstract](1910) +[HTML](169) +[PDF](966.81KB)
Abstract:

Dynamical systems on graphs can show a wide range of behaviours beyond simple synchronization - even simple globally coupled structures can exhibit attractors with intermittent and slow switching between patterns of synchrony. Such attractors, called heteroclinic networks, can be well described as networks in phase space and in this paper we review some results and examples of how these robust attractors can be characterised from the synchrony properties and how coupled systems can be designed to exhibit given but arbitrary network attractors in phase space.

2018  Impact Factor: 1.008