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The final form of Tao's inequality relating conditional expectation and conditional mutual information

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  • Recently Terence Tao approached Szemerédi's Regularity Lemma from the perspectives of Probability Theory and of Information Theory instead of Graph Theory and found a stronger variant of this lemma, which involves a new parameter. To pass from an entropy formulation to an expectation formulation he found the following: Let $Y$ , and $X,X'$ be discrete random variables taking values in $mathcal Y$ and $mathcal X$, respectively, where $mathcal Y \subset$ [ −1, 1 ], and with $X' = f(X)$ for a (deterministic) function $f$. Then we have
         $ \E(|\E(Y|X')-\E(Y|X)|)\leq2I(X\wedge Y|X')^{\frac12}.$
    We show that the constant $2$ can be improved to $(2 \l n2)^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and that this is the best possible constant.
    Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C35, 05D05.

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