New quantum codes from skew constacyclic codes

Ram Krishna Verma; Om Prakash; Ashutosh Singh; Habibul Islam

doi:10.3934/amc.2021028

Article Contents

2023, Volume 17, Issue 4: 900-919. Doi: 10.3934/amc.2021028

This issue Previous Article Degenerate flag varieties in network coding Next Article On the number of factorizations of $ t $ mod $ N $ and the probability distribution of Diffie-Hellman secret keys for many users

New quantum codes from skew constacyclic codes

Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-801 106, India

^* Corresponding author: Om Prakash
^* Corresponding author: Om Prakash

Received: September 2020

Revised: April 2021

Early access: August 2021

Published: August 2023

The research is supported by the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Govt. of India.

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Abstract

For an odd prime $ p $ and positive integers $ m $ and $ \ell $, let $ \mathbb{F}_{p^m} $ be the finite field with $ p^{m} $ elements and $ R_{\ell,m} = \mathbb{F}_{p^m}[v_1,v_2,\dots,v_{\ell}]/\langle v^{2}_{i}-1, v_{i}v_{j}-v_{j}v_{i}\rangle_{1\leq i, j\leq \ell} $. Thus $ R_{\ell,m} $ is a finite commutative non-chain ring of order $ p^{2^{\ell} m} $ with characteristic $ p $. In this paper, we aim to construct quantum codes from skew constacyclic codes over $ R_{\ell,m} $. First, we discuss the structures of skew constacyclic codes and determine their Euclidean dual codes. Then a relation between these codes and their Euclidean duals has been obtained. Finally, with the help of a duality-preserving Gray map and the CSS construction, many MDS and better non-binary quantum codes are obtained as compared to the best-known quantum codes available in the literature.

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Mathematics Subject Classification: 94B15, 94B05, 94B60.

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Table 1. Quantum MDS codes $ [[n,k,d]]_{p^m} $ from skew $ (\sigma,\gamma) $-constacyclic codes over $ R_{1,m} = \mathbb{F}_{p^m}[v_1]/\langle v_1^2-1\rangle $

$ p^m $	$ n $	$ \gamma $	$ (\delta_0,\delta_1) $	$ g_0(x) $	$ g_1(x) $	$ \Phi(C) $	$ [[n,k,d]]_{p^m} $
$ 5^2 $	$ 4 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ 21 $	$ t1 $	$ [8,6,3] $	$ [[8,4,3]]_{25} $
$ 5^2 $	$ 4 $	$ -1 $	$ (-1,-1) $	$ (3t+4)(2t+2)1 $	$ t1 $	$ [8,5,4] $	$ [[8,2,4]]_{25} $
$ 5^2 $	$ 6 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ (3t+3)(2t+3)1 $	$ 31 $	$ [12,9,4] $	$ [[12,6,4]]_{25} $
$ 7^2 $	$ 6 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ (3t+5)1 $	$ (5t+2)1 $	$ [12,10,3] $	$ [[12,8,3]]_{49} $
$ 11^2 $	$ 8 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ (4t+3)1 $	$ (10t+1)(6t+9)1 $	$ [16,13,4] $	$ [[16,10,4]]_{121} $
$ 11^2 $	$ 12 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ (4t+3)1 $	$ (10t+7)(3t+4)1 $	$ [24,21,4] $	$ [[24,18,4]]_{121} $
$ 11^2 $	$ 6 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ (4t+3)1 $	$ (2t+4)(5t+2)1 $	$ [12,9,4] $	$ [[12,6,4]]_{121} $
$ 13^2 $	$ 4 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ 81 $	$ (12t+11)1 $	$ [8,6,3] $	$ [[8,4,3]]_{169} $
$ 13^2 $	$ 12 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ (8t+8)1 $	$ (11t+3)1 $	$ [24,22,3] $	$ [[24,20,3]]_{169} $
$ 13^2 $	$ 6 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ (5t+3)1 $	$ (3t+7)1 $	$ [12,10,3] $	$ [[12,8,3]]_{169} $
$ 17^2 $	$ 8 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ (11t+16)1 $	$ (15t+13)1 $	$ [16,14,3] $	$ [[16,12,3]]_{289} $
$ 17^2 $	$ 8 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ (11t+16)(7t+8)1 $	$ (15t+13)1 $	$ [16,13,4] $	$ [[16,10,4]]_{289} $

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Table 2. New quantum codes $ [[n,k,d]]_{p^m} $ from skew $ (\sigma,\gamma) $-constacyclic codes over $ R_{1,m} = \mathbb{F}_{p^m}[v_1]/\langle v_1^2-1\rangle $

$ {p^m} $	$ n $	$ \gamma $	$ (\delta_0,\delta_1) $	$ g_0(x) $	$ g_1(x) $	$ \Phi(C) $	$ [[n,k,d]]_{p^m} $	$ [[n',k',d']]_{p^m} $
$ 3^2 $	$ 12 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ (t+1)(t+2)(t)1 $	$ 2(t+1)1 $	$ [24,19,4] $	$ [[24,14,4]]_9 $	$ [[24,10,4]]_9 $ [24]
$ 3^2 $	$ 8 $	$ -v_1 $	$ (-1,1) $	$ (t+1)(2t+1)(t+2)(t+2)1 $	$ (2t+2)(t+1)11 $	$ [16,9,6] $	$ [[16,2,6]]_9 $	$ [[16,2,5]]_9 $ [24]
$ 3^2 $	$ 24 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1) $	$ (t+1)(2t)1 $	$ (2t+1)(2t)(t+1)1 $	$ [48,43,3] $	$ [[48,38,3]]_9 $	$ [[50,30,3]]_9 $ [13]
$ 5^2 $	$ 20 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ (2t+1)(3t+1)1 $	$ (4t+3)1 $	$ [40,37,3] $	$ [[40,34,3]]_{25} $	$ [[40,24,3]]_{25} $ [6]
$ 5^2 $	$ 40 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1) $	$ (2t+3)1 $	$ (4t+1)2(3t+2)(t+4)1 $	$ [80,75,3] $	$ [[80,70,3]]_{25} $	$ [[80,56,3]]_{25} $ [6]
$ 5^2 $	$ 40 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1) $	$ (t+3)(2t+2)(3t+3)(2t+3)1 $	$ (4t+1)2(3t+2)(t+4)1 $	$ [80,72,4] $	$ [[80,64,4]]_{25} $	$ [[80,48,4]]_{25} $ [6]
$ 7^2 $	$ 28 $	$ v_1 $	$ (1,-1) $	$ (6t+4)(t+4)(3t+6)(2t+3)(4t+5)1 $	$ (3t+4)1 $	$ [56,50,4] $	$ [[56,44,4]]_{49} $	$ [[56,32,4]]_{49} $ [6]
$ 7^2 $	$ 28 $	$ -v_1 $	$ (-1,1) $	$ (5t+3)(4t+2)1 $	$ (6t+4)(t+1)1 $	$ [56,52,3] $	$ [[56,48,3]]_{49} $	$ [[56,40,3]]_{49} $ [6]

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Table 3. New quantum codes from skew $ (\sigma,\gamma) $-constacyclic codes over $ R_{\ell,m} $

$ \ell $	$ n $	$ \gamma $	$ (\delta_0,\delta_1,\dots, \delta_{2^{\ell}-1}) $	$ g_0(x),g_1(x),\dots,g_{2^{\ell}-1}(x) $	$ \Phi(C) $	$ [[n,k,d]]_{p^m} $
$ 1 $	$ 16 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1) $	$ (t+1)1,(2t+1)111 $	$ [32,27,4] $	$ [[32,22,4]]_{9} $
$ 2 $	$ 16 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1,1,1) $	$ tt1,(t+1)1,(t+1)1,(t+2)(2t+1)(2t+2)1 $	$ [64,57,4] $	$ [[64,50,4]]_{9} $
$ 2 $	$ 16 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1,1,1) $	$ (t+1)1,(t+1)1,(t+1)1,(2t)(t+2)11 $	$ [64,58,3] $	$ [[64,52,3]]_{9} $
$ 2 $	$ 24 $	$ -1+v_1-v_2-v_1v_2 $	$ (1,1,-1,1) $	$ (2t)1,(t+1)t1,tt1,t1 $	$ [96,90,3] $	$ [[96,84,3]]_{9} $
$ 2 $	$ 24 $	$ -1+v_1-v_2-v_1v_2 $	$ (1,1,-1,1) $	$ (2t)1,1(2t+2)1,(t+2)11,(2t+2)(2t+2)11 $	$ [96,88,4] $	$ [[96,80,4]]_{9} $
$ 3 $	$ 16 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1) $	$ 1,1,1,(2t+2)1,1,tt1,(2t+1)(2t+2)(2t+1)1,(t+2)21 $	$ [128,120,4] $	$ [[128,112,4]]_{9} $
$ 1 $	$ 16 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1) $	$ t1,1(3t)1 $	$ [32,28,3] $	$ [[32,24,3]]_{25} $
$ 1 $	$ 18 $	$ -1 $	$ (-1,-1) $	$ 2(2t+1)(4t+2)1,31 $	$ [36,32,3] $	$ [[36,28,3]]_{25} $
$ 1 $	$ 20 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1) $	$ (t+3)1,(2t+2)(t+3)(4t+4)t1 $	$ [40,35,4] $	$ [[40,30,4]]_{25} $
$ 1 $	$ 24 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1) $	$ (2t+3)(t+1)1,(4t+3)(t+1)(4t+1)1 $	$ [48,43,4] $	$ [[48,38,4]]_{25} $
$ 2 $	$ 16 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1,1,1) $	$ t1,t1,t1,(4t+1)(2t)(3t+4)1 $	$ [64,58,4] $	$ [[64,52,4]]_{25} $
$ 2 $	$ 30 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1,1,1) $	$ (2t+2)1,(3t+4)1,(2t+2)(4t+3)1,(2t+2)(3t+3)(t+1)1 $	$ [120,113,3] $	$ [[120,106,3]]_{25} $
$ 2 $	$ 24 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1,1,1) $	$ (4t)1,(3t+1)t1,(t+3)21,(2t)1 $	$ [96,90,4] $	$ [[96,84,4]]_{25} $
$ 2 $	$ 24 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1,1,1) $	$ (2t+4)1,2(2t+2)1,21,(3t+1)1 $	$ [96,91,3] $	$ [[96,86,3]]_{25} $
$ 3 $	$ 16 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1) $	$ 1,1,1,(3t+1)1,(2t+3)(t+1)1,(2t+2)(2t+3)(2t+1)1,(t+4)1 $	$ [128,121,4] $	$ [[128,114,4]]_{25} $
$ 2 $	$ 24 $	$ 4-3v_1+3v_2-3v_1v_2 $	$ (1,-1,1,1) $	$ t1,(2t+6)(3t)1,(4t+1)(3t+6)1,(3t+6)1 $	$ [96,90,4] $	$ [[96,84,4]]_{49} $
$ 2 $	$ 24 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1,1,1) $	$ t1,(4t+2)1,(6t+3)(2t+5)1,(2t+5)1 $	$ [96,91,3] $	$ [[96,86,3]]_{49} $
$ 3 $	$ 16 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1) $	$ 1,1,1,(6t+4)1,1,(2t+4)(5t+4)1,(3t+4)(6t)(4t+4)1,(6t+4)(4t+2)1 $	$ [128,120,4] $	$ [[128,112,4]]_{49} $
$ 3 $	$ 18 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1) $	$ 1,1,1,(2t+6)1,1,(2t+6)(t+1)1,(t+4)(t+2)(6t+6)1,(3t+5)(5t+5)11 $	$ [144,135,3] $	$ [[144,126,3]]_{49} $
$ 3 $	$ 16 $	$ 1 $	$ (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1) $	$ 1,1,1,(7t+8)1,1,(t+4)(10t+8)1,(10t+3)(3t+1)11,(t+8)(2t+1)1 $	$ [128,120,4] $	$ [[128,112,4]]_{121} $

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