The purpose of this paper is to present the structure of the linear codes over a finite field with $ q $ elements that have a permutation automorphism of order $ m $. These codes can be considered as generalized quasi-cyclic codes. Quasi-cyclic codes and almost quasi-cyclic codes are discussed in detail, presenting necessary and sufficient conditions for which linear codes with such an automorphism are self-orthogonal, self-dual, or linear complementary dual.
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