On finite-time hyperbolicity

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May 2011, 10(3): 963-981. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2011.10.963

On finite-time hyperbolicity

1.	Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G1

Received March 2009 Revised September 2009 Published December 2010

Abstract
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A solution of a nonautonomous ordinary differential equation is finite-time hyperbolic, i.e. hyperbolic on a compact interval of time, if the linearisation along that solution exhibits a strong exponential dichotomy. As a finite-time variant and strengthening of classical asymptotic facts, it is shown that finite-time hyperbolicity guarantees the existence of stable and unstable manifolds of the appropriate dimensions. Eigenvalues and -vectors are often unsuitable for detecting hyperbolicity. A (dynamic) partition of the extended phase space is used to circumvent this difficulty. It is proved that any solution staying clear of the elliptic and degenerate parts of the partition is finite-time hyperbolic. This extends and unifies earlier partial results.

Keywords: exponential dichotomy, dynamic partition., finite-time dynamics, stable manifold, Hyperbolicity.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 34A30, 37B55, 37D05; Secondary: 34D09, 37D10, 37N1.

Citation: Arno Berger. On finite-time hyperbolicity. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2011, 10 (3) : 963-981. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2011.10.963

References:

[1]	A. Berger, T. S. Doan and S. Siegmund, Nonautonomous finite-time dynamics,, Discrete Continuous Dynam. Systems - B, 9 (2008), 463.
[2]	A. Berger, T. S. Doan and S. Siegmund, A remark on finite-time hyperbolicity,, PAMM Proc. Appl. Math. Mech., 8 (2008), 10917. doi: doi:10.1002/pamm.200810917.
[3]	A. Berger, T. S. Doan and S. Siegmund, A definition of spectrum for differential equations on finite time,, J. Differential Equations, 246 (2009), 1098. doi: doi:10.1016/j.jde.2008.06.036.
[4]	M. Berger and B. Gostiaux, "Differential Geometry: Manifolds, Curves, and Surfaces,", Springer, (1988).
[5]	A. Coppel, "Dichotomies in Stability Theory,", Lecture Notes in Mathematics \textbf{629}, 629 (1978).
[6]	L. H. Duc and S. Siegmund, Hyperbolicity and invariant manifolds for planar nonautonomous systems on finite time intervals,, Internat. J. Bifur. Chaos Appl. Sci. Engrg., 18 (2008), 641. doi: doi:10.1142/S0218127408020562.
[7]	G. Haller, Finding finite-time invariant manifolds in two-dimensional velocity fields,, Chaos, 10 (2000), 99. doi: doi:10.1063/1.166479.
[8]	G. Haller, Distinguished material surfaces and coherent structures in three-dimensional fluid flows,, Physica D, 149 (2001), 248. doi: doi:10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00199-8.
[9]	G. Haller, Lagrangian structures and the rate of strain in a partition of two-dimensional turbulence,, Physics of Fluids, 13 (2001), 3365. doi: doi:10.1063/1.1403336.
[10]	G. Haller, An objective definition of a vortex,, J. Fluid Mech., 525 (2005), 1. doi: doi:10.1017/S0022112004002526.
[11]	G. Haller and G. Yuan, Lagrangian coherent structures and mixing in two-dimensional turbulence,, Physica D, 147 (2000), 352. doi: doi:10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00142-1.
[12]	M. C. Irwin, "Smooth Dynamical Systems,", World Scientific, (2001). doi: doi:10.1142/9789812810120.
[13]	T. Kato, "Perturbation Theory for Linear Operators,", Springer, (1980).
[14]	A. Katok and B. Hasselblatt, "Introduction to the Modern Theory of Dynamical Systems,'', Cambridge University Press, (1995).
[15]	K. Palmer, "Shadowing in Dynamical Systems. Theory and Applications,", Kluwer, (2000).
[16]	R. M. Samelson and S. Wiggins, "Lagrangian Transport in Geophysical Jets and Waves. The Dynamical Systems Approach,'', Springer, (2006).
[17]	S. C. Shadden, F. Lekien and J. E. Marsden, Definition and properties of Lagrangian coherent structures from finite-time Lyapunov exponents in two-dimensional aperiodic flows,, Physica D, 212 (2005), 271. doi: doi:10.1016/j.physd.2005.10.007.
[18]	F. Verhulst, "Nonlinear Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems,", Springer, (1990).

show all references

References:

[1]	A. Berger, T. S. Doan and S. Siegmund, Nonautonomous finite-time dynamics,, Discrete Continuous Dynam. Systems - B, 9 (2008), 463.
[2]	A. Berger, T. S. Doan and S. Siegmund, A remark on finite-time hyperbolicity,, PAMM Proc. Appl. Math. Mech., 8 (2008), 10917. doi: doi:10.1002/pamm.200810917.
[3]	A. Berger, T. S. Doan and S. Siegmund, A definition of spectrum for differential equations on finite time,, J. Differential Equations, 246 (2009), 1098. doi: doi:10.1016/j.jde.2008.06.036.
[4]	M. Berger and B. Gostiaux, "Differential Geometry: Manifolds, Curves, and Surfaces,", Springer, (1988).
[5]	A. Coppel, "Dichotomies in Stability Theory,", Lecture Notes in Mathematics \textbf{629}, 629 (1978).
[6]	L. H. Duc and S. Siegmund, Hyperbolicity and invariant manifolds for planar nonautonomous systems on finite time intervals,, Internat. J. Bifur. Chaos Appl. Sci. Engrg., 18 (2008), 641. doi: doi:10.1142/S0218127408020562.
[7]	G. Haller, Finding finite-time invariant manifolds in two-dimensional velocity fields,, Chaos, 10 (2000), 99. doi: doi:10.1063/1.166479.
[8]	G. Haller, Distinguished material surfaces and coherent structures in three-dimensional fluid flows,, Physica D, 149 (2001), 248. doi: doi:10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00199-8.
[9]	G. Haller, Lagrangian structures and the rate of strain in a partition of two-dimensional turbulence,, Physics of Fluids, 13 (2001), 3365. doi: doi:10.1063/1.1403336.
[10]	G. Haller, An objective definition of a vortex,, J. Fluid Mech., 525 (2005), 1. doi: doi:10.1017/S0022112004002526.
[11]	G. Haller and G. Yuan, Lagrangian coherent structures and mixing in two-dimensional turbulence,, Physica D, 147 (2000), 352. doi: doi:10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00142-1.
[12]	M. C. Irwin, "Smooth Dynamical Systems,", World Scientific, (2001). doi: doi:10.1142/9789812810120.
[13]	T. Kato, "Perturbation Theory for Linear Operators,", Springer, (1980).
[14]	A. Katok and B. Hasselblatt, "Introduction to the Modern Theory of Dynamical Systems,'', Cambridge University Press, (1995).
[15]	K. Palmer, "Shadowing in Dynamical Systems. Theory and Applications,", Kluwer, (2000).
[16]	R. M. Samelson and S. Wiggins, "Lagrangian Transport in Geophysical Jets and Waves. The Dynamical Systems Approach,'', Springer, (2006).
[17]	S. C. Shadden, F. Lekien and J. E. Marsden, Definition and properties of Lagrangian coherent structures from finite-time Lyapunov exponents in two-dimensional aperiodic flows,, Physica D, 212 (2005), 271. doi: doi:10.1016/j.physd.2005.10.007.
[18]	F. Verhulst, "Nonlinear Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems,", Springer, (1990).

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