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January  2012, 11(1): 375-386. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2012.11.375

Spatiotemporal dynamics of cooperation and spite behavior by conformist transmission

Joe Yuichiro Wakano 1,

1. 

Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan

Received  December 2009 Revised  August 2010 Published  September 2011

In this paper, we propose a model describing the dynamics of human society. Then we show that classic theorems on traveling wave solutions in a reaction diffusion equation can be readily applied and we obtain some mathematical result. Our model considers a human society where people play a two-strategy multi-player game. The key concepts are 1) payoff-dependent update rule of strategy and 2) social learning with conformism. Because of conformism, the system can be bistable and our primary concern is whether one global majority appears or not when multiple societies that initially have different local majorities are spatially connected. Applying the result of this general framework to a public goods game example, we show that cooperation is less likely maintained by conformism and that the spread of irrational spite behavior can occur.
Keywords: game theory., traveling wave solution, Reaction diffusion equation.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35Q91, 35Q9.
Citation: Joe Yuichiro Wakano. Spatiotemporal dynamics of cooperation and spite behavior by conformist transmission. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis, 2012, 11 (1) : 375-386. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2012.11.375
References:
[1]

J. Y. Wakano, K. Aoki and M. W. Feldman, Evolution of social learning: a mathematical analysis, Theoretical Population Biology, 66 (2004), 249-258. doi: 10.1016/j.tpb.2004.06.005.

[2]

J. Y. Wakano and K. Aoki, Do social learning and conformist bias coevolve? Henrich and Boyd revisited, Theoretical Population Biology, 72 (2007), 504-512. doi: 10.1016/j.tpb.2007.04.003.

[3]

J. Y. Wakano and K. Aoki, A mixed strategy model for the emergence and intensification of social learning in a periodically changing natural environment, Theoretical Population Biology, 70 (2006), 486-497. doi: 10.1016/j.tpb.2006.04.003.

[4]

K. Aoki, J. Y. Wakano and M. W. Feldman, The emergence of social learning in a temporally changing environment: A theoretical model, Current Anthropology, 46 (2005), 334-340. doi: 10.1086/428791.

[5]

W. Nakahashi, The evolution of conformist transmission in social learning when the environment changes periodically, Theoretical Population Biology, 72 (2007), 52-66. doi: 10.1016/j.tpb.2007.03.003.

[6]

J. Y. Wakano, A mathematical analysis on public goods games in the continuous space, Mathematical Biosciences, 201 (2006), 72-89. doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2005.12.015.

[7]

J. Y. Wakano, Evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods games with common resource dynamics, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 247 (2007), 616-622. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.04.008.

[8]

Y. Iwasa, T. Uchida and H. Yokomizo, Nonlinear behavior of the socio-economic dynamics for lake eutrophication control, Ecological Economics, 63 (2007), 219-229. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.11.003.

[9]

J. Henrich and R. Boyd, The evolution of conformist transmission and the emergence of between-group differences, Evolution and Human Behavior, 19 (1998), 215-241. doi: 10.1016/S1090-5138(98)00018-X.

[10]

T. Kameda and D. Nakanishi, Cost-benefit analysis of social/cultural learning in a nonstationary uncertain environment: an evolutionary simulation and an experiment with human subjects, Evolution and Human Behavior, 23 (2002), 373-393. doi: 10.1016/S1090-5138(02)00101-0.

[11]

R. McElreath, M. Lubell, P. J. Richerson, T. M. Waring, W. Baum, E. Edsten, C. Efferson and B. Paciotti, Applying evolutionary models to the laboratory study of social learning, Evolution and Human Behavior, 26 (2005), 483-508. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.04.003.

[12]

J. Henrich, Cultural group selection, coevolutionary processes and large-scale cooperation, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 53 (2004), 3-35. doi: 10.1016/S0167-2681(03)00094-5.

[13]

Y. Iwasa, M. Nakamaru and S. A. Levin, Allelopathy of bacteria in a lattice population: Competition between colicin-sensitive and colicin-producing strains, Evolutionary Ecology, 12 (1998), 785-802. doi: 10.1023/A:1006590431483.

[14]

J. Y. Wakano, M. A. Nowak and C. Hauert, Spatial dynamics of ecological public goods, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106 (2009), 7910-7914. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0812644106.

[15]

S. A. Levin, Dispersion and population interactions, American Naturalist, 108 (1974), 207-228. doi: 10.1086/282900.

[16]

K. Kishimoto and H. F. Weinberger, The spatial homogeneity of stable equilibria of some reaction-diffusion system on convex domains, Journal of Differential Equations, 58 (1985), 15-21. doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(85)90020-8.

[17]

R. Boyd and P. J. Richerson, "Culture and the Evolutionary Process," University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1985.

[18]

P. C. Fife and J. B. McLeod, The approach of solutions of nonlinear diffusion equations to traveling wave solutions in "Mathematical Aspects of Reacting and Diffusing Systems" (eds. S.Levin), Springer-Verlag (1979), 335-361.

show all references

References:
[1]

J. Y. Wakano, K. Aoki and M. W. Feldman, Evolution of social learning: a mathematical analysis, Theoretical Population Biology, 66 (2004), 249-258. doi: 10.1016/j.tpb.2004.06.005.

[2]

J. Y. Wakano and K. Aoki, Do social learning and conformist bias coevolve? Henrich and Boyd revisited, Theoretical Population Biology, 72 (2007), 504-512. doi: 10.1016/j.tpb.2007.04.003.

[3]

J. Y. Wakano and K. Aoki, A mixed strategy model for the emergence and intensification of social learning in a periodically changing natural environment, Theoretical Population Biology, 70 (2006), 486-497. doi: 10.1016/j.tpb.2006.04.003.

[4]

K. Aoki, J. Y. Wakano and M. W. Feldman, The emergence of social learning in a temporally changing environment: A theoretical model, Current Anthropology, 46 (2005), 334-340. doi: 10.1086/428791.

[5]

W. Nakahashi, The evolution of conformist transmission in social learning when the environment changes periodically, Theoretical Population Biology, 72 (2007), 52-66. doi: 10.1016/j.tpb.2007.03.003.

[6]

J. Y. Wakano, A mathematical analysis on public goods games in the continuous space, Mathematical Biosciences, 201 (2006), 72-89. doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2005.12.015.

[7]

J. Y. Wakano, Evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods games with common resource dynamics, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 247 (2007), 616-622. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.04.008.

[8]

Y. Iwasa, T. Uchida and H. Yokomizo, Nonlinear behavior of the socio-economic dynamics for lake eutrophication control, Ecological Economics, 63 (2007), 219-229. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.11.003.

[9]

J. Henrich and R. Boyd, The evolution of conformist transmission and the emergence of between-group differences, Evolution and Human Behavior, 19 (1998), 215-241. doi: 10.1016/S1090-5138(98)00018-X.

[10]

T. Kameda and D. Nakanishi, Cost-benefit analysis of social/cultural learning in a nonstationary uncertain environment: an evolutionary simulation and an experiment with human subjects, Evolution and Human Behavior, 23 (2002), 373-393. doi: 10.1016/S1090-5138(02)00101-0.

[11]

R. McElreath, M. Lubell, P. J. Richerson, T. M. Waring, W. Baum, E. Edsten, C. Efferson and B. Paciotti, Applying evolutionary models to the laboratory study of social learning, Evolution and Human Behavior, 26 (2005), 483-508. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.04.003.

[12]

J. Henrich, Cultural group selection, coevolutionary processes and large-scale cooperation, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 53 (2004), 3-35. doi: 10.1016/S0167-2681(03)00094-5.

[13]

Y. Iwasa, M. Nakamaru and S. A. Levin, Allelopathy of bacteria in a lattice population: Competition between colicin-sensitive and colicin-producing strains, Evolutionary Ecology, 12 (1998), 785-802. doi: 10.1023/A:1006590431483.

[14]

J. Y. Wakano, M. A. Nowak and C. Hauert, Spatial dynamics of ecological public goods, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106 (2009), 7910-7914. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0812644106.

[15]

S. A. Levin, Dispersion and population interactions, American Naturalist, 108 (1974), 207-228. doi: 10.1086/282900.

[16]

K. Kishimoto and H. F. Weinberger, The spatial homogeneity of stable equilibria of some reaction-diffusion system on convex domains, Journal of Differential Equations, 58 (1985), 15-21. doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(85)90020-8.

[17]

R. Boyd and P. J. Richerson, "Culture and the Evolutionary Process," University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1985.

[18]

P. C. Fife and J. B. McLeod, The approach of solutions of nonlinear diffusion equations to traveling wave solutions in "Mathematical Aspects of Reacting and Diffusing Systems" (eds. S.Levin), Springer-Verlag (1979), 335-361.

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