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S-shaped bifurcation curves for a combustion problem with general arrhenius reaction-rate laws

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  • We study the bifurcation curve and exact multiplicity of positive solutions of the combustion problem with general Arrhenius reaction-rate laws \begin{eqnarray} u^{\prime \prime }(x)+\lambda (1+\epsilon u)^{m}e^{\frac{u}{1+\epsilon u}}=0, -1 < x < 1, \\ u(-1)=u(1)=0, \end{eqnarray} where the bifurcation parameters $\lambda, \epsilon >0$ and $-\infty < m <1$. We prove that, for $(-4.103\approx)$ $\tilde{m}\leq m < 1$ for some constant $\tilde{m}$, the bifurcation curve is S-shaped on the $(\lambda, \|u\|_{\infty })$-plane if $0<\epsilon \leq \frac{6}{7}\epsilon _{\text{tr}}^{\text{Sem}}(m)$, where \begin{eqnarray} \epsilon _{\text{tr}}^{\text{Sem}}(m)=\left\{ \begin{array}{l} (\frac{1-\sqrt{1-m}}{m})^{2}\ \text{ for }-\infty < m < 1, m \neq 0, \\ \frac{1}{4}\ \text{for}\ m=0, \end{array}\right. \end{eqnarray} is the Semenov transitional value for general Arrhenius kinetics. In addition, for $-\infty < m < 1$, the bifurcation curve is S-like shaped if $0<\epsilon \leq \frac{8}{9} \epsilon _{\text{tr}}^{\text{Sem}}(m).$ Our results improve and extend those in Wang (Proc. Roy. Soc. London Sect. A, 454 (1998), 1031--1048.)
    Mathematics Subject Classification: 34B18, 74G35.

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