# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

May  2015, 14(3): 1147-1167. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2015.14.1147

## Steady-state solutions and stability for a cubic autocatalysis model

 1 College of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China 2 College of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119 3 Faculty of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

Received  May 2014 Revised  October 2015 Published  March 2015

A reaction-diffusion system, based on the cubic autocatalytic reaction scheme, with the prescribed concentration boundary conditions is considered. The linear stability of the unique spatially homogeneous steady state solution is discussed in detail to reveal a necessary condition for the bifurcation of this solution. The spatially non-uniform stationary structures, especially bifurcating from the double eigenvalue, are studied by the use of Lyapunov-Schmidt technique and singularity theory. Further information about the multiplicity and stability of the bifurcation solutions are obtained. Numerical examples are presented to support our theoretical results.
Citation: Mei-hua Wei, Jianhua Wu, Yinnian He. Steady-state solutions and stability for a cubic autocatalysis model. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2015, 14 (3) : 1147-1167. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2015.14.1147
##### References:
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Golubitsky, Bifurcation analysis near a double eigenvalue of a model chemical reaction, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 75 (1981), 315-347. doi: 10.1007/BF00256382.  Google Scholar [27] M. Golubitsky and D. Schaeffer, Singularities and Groups in Bifurcation Theory, Vol. I, Springer, New York, 1985. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-5034-0.  Google Scholar [28] M. Golubitsky and D. Schaeffer, Imperfect bifurcation in the presence of symmetry, Comm. Math. Phys., 67 (1979), 205-232.  Google Scholar [29] P. H. Rabinowitz, Some global results for nonlinear eigenvalue problems, J. Funct. Anal., 7 (1971), 487-513. Google Scholar [30] J. H. Wu, Global bifurcation of coexistence state for the competition model in the chemostat, Nonlinear Anal., 39 (2000), 817-835. doi: 10.1016/S0362-546X(98)00250-8.  Google Scholar [31] M. Golubitsky and D. Schaeffer, A theory for imperfect bifurcation via singularity theory, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 32 (1979), 21-98. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160320103.  Google Scholar

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##### References:
 [1] J. C. Tsai, Existence of traveling waves in a simple isothermal chemical system with the same order for autocatalysis and decay, Quart. Appl. Math., 69 (2011), 123-146. Google Scholar [2] R. Peng and F. Yi, On spatiotemporal pattern formation in a diffusive bimolecular model, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 15 (2011), 217-230. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2011.15.217.  Google Scholar [3] Y. You, Dynamics of three-component reversible Gray-Scott model, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 14 (2010), 1671-1688. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2010.14.1671.  Google Scholar [4] X. F. Chen and Y. W. Qi, Propagation of local disturbances in reaction diffusion systems modeling quadratic autocatalysis, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 69 (2008), 273-282. doi: 10.1137/07070276X.  Google Scholar [5] A. L. Kay, D. J. Needham and J. A. Leach, Travelling waves for a coupled, singular reaction-diffusion system arising from a model of fractional order autocatalysis with decay. I. Permanent form travelling waves, Nonlinearity, 16 (2003), 735-770. doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/16/2/322.  Google Scholar [6] J. A. Leach and J. C. Wei, Pattern formation in a simple chemical system with general orders of autocatalysis and decay. I. Stability analysis, Phys. D, 180 (2003), 185-209. doi: 10.1016/S0167-2789(03)00065-4.  Google Scholar [7] P. Gray and S. K. Scott, Autocatalytic reactions in the isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor: isolas and other forms of multistability, Chem. Eng. Sci., 39 (1983), 29-43. Google Scholar [8] P. Gray and S. K. Scott, Autocatalytic reactions in the CSTR: oscillations and instabilities in the system $A + 2B\rightarrow 3B$; $B\rightarrow C$, Chem. Eng. Sci., 39 (1984), 1087-1097. Google Scholar [9] A. D'Anna, P. G. Lignola and S. K. Scott, The application of singularity theory to isothermal autocatalytic open systems, Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 403 (1986), 341-363.  Google Scholar [10] B. Peng, S. K. Scott and K. Showalter, Period doubling and chaos in a three variable autocatalator, J. Phys. Chem., 94 (1990), 5243-5246. Google Scholar [11] D. T. Lynch, Chaotic behavior of reactions systems: mixed cubic and quadratic autocatalysis, Chem. Eng. Sci., 47 (1992), 4435-4444. Google Scholar [12] K. Alhumaizi and R. Aris, Chaos in a simple two-phase reactor, Chaos Solitons Fractals, 4 (1994), 1985-2014. Google Scholar [13] H. I. Abdel-Gawad and A. M. El-Shrae, Approximate solutions to the two-cell cubic autocatalytic reaction model, Kyungpook Math. J., 44 (2004), 187-211.  Google Scholar [14] E. A. Elrifai, On cubic autocatalytic chemical reaction model, CSTR and invariants of knots, Far East J. Appl. Math., 32 (2008), 435-443.  Google Scholar [15] J. H. Merkin, D. J. Needham and S. K. Scott, Oscillatory chemical reactions in closed vessels, Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A, 406 (1986), 299-323. Google Scholar [16] A. B. Finlayson and J. H. Merkin, Creation of spatial structure by an electric field applied to an ionic cubic autocatalator system, J. Engrg. Math., 38 (2000), 279-296. doi: 10.1023/A:1004799200173.  Google Scholar [17] L. S. Chen and D. D. Wang, A biochemical oscillation, Acta Math. Sci. Ser. B Engl. Ed., 5 (1985), 261-266.  Google Scholar [18] J. H. Merkin, D. J. Needham and S. K. Scott, On the creation, growth and extinction of oscillatory solutions for a simple pooled chemical reaction scheme, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 47 (1987), 1040-1060. doi: 10.1137/0147068.  Google Scholar [19] J. H. Merkin and D. J. Needham, Reaction-diffusion in a simple pooled chemical system, Dyn. Stab. Syst., 4 (1989), 141-167. doi: 10.1080/02681118908806069.  Google Scholar [20] D. J. Needham and J. H. Merkin, Pattern formation through reaction and diffusion in a simple pooled-chemical system, Dyn. Stab. Syst., 4 (1989), 259-284. doi: 10.1080/02681118908806076.  Google Scholar [21] R. Hill, J. H. Merkin and D. J. Needham, Stable pattern and standing wave formation in a simple isothermal cubic autocatalytic reaction scheme, J. Engrg. Math., 29 (1995), 413-436. doi: 10.1007/BF00043976.  Google Scholar [22] J. Jang, W. M. Ni and M. Tang, Global bifurcation and structure of Turing patterns in the 1-D Lengyel-Epstein model, J. Dynam. Differential Equations, 16 (2005), 297-320. doi: 10.1007/s10884-004-2782-x.  Google Scholar [23] M. H. Wei, J. H. Wu and G. H. Guo, Turing structures and stability for the 1-D Lengyel-Epstein system, J. Math. Chem., 50 (2012), 2374-2396. doi: 10.1007/s10910-012-0037-3.  Google Scholar [24] M. G. Crandall and P. Rabinowitz, Bifurcation from simple eigenvalue, J. Funct. Anal., 8 (1971), 321-340.  Google Scholar [25] K. J. Brown, Local and global bifurcation results for a semilinear boundary value problem, J. Differential Equations, 239 (2007), 296-310. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2007.05.013.  Google Scholar [26] D. Schaeffer and M. Golubitsky, Bifurcation analysis near a double eigenvalue of a model chemical reaction, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 75 (1981), 315-347. doi: 10.1007/BF00256382.  Google Scholar [27] M. Golubitsky and D. Schaeffer, Singularities and Groups in Bifurcation Theory, Vol. I, Springer, New York, 1985. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-5034-0.  Google Scholar [28] M. Golubitsky and D. Schaeffer, Imperfect bifurcation in the presence of symmetry, Comm. Math. Phys., 67 (1979), 205-232.  Google Scholar [29] P. H. Rabinowitz, Some global results for nonlinear eigenvalue problems, J. Funct. Anal., 7 (1971), 487-513. Google Scholar [30] J. H. Wu, Global bifurcation of coexistence state for the competition model in the chemostat, Nonlinear Anal., 39 (2000), 817-835. doi: 10.1016/S0362-546X(98)00250-8.  Google Scholar [31] M. Golubitsky and D. Schaeffer, A theory for imperfect bifurcation via singularity theory, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 32 (1979), 21-98. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160320103.  Google Scholar

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