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March  2016, 15(2): 577-598. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2016.15.577

Center problem for systems with two monomial nonlinearities

Armengol Gasull 1, , Jaume Giné 2, and  Joan Torregrosa 3,

1. 

Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra
2. 

Departament de Matemàtica, Universitat de Lleida, Avda. Jaume II, 69, 25001 Lleida
3. 

Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona

Received  August 2015 Revised  December 2015 Published  January 2016

We study the center problem for planar systems with a linear center at the origin that in complex coordinates have a nonlinearity formed by the sum of two monomials. Our first result lists several centers inside this family. To the best of our knowledge this list includes a new class of Darboux centers that are also persistent centers. The rest of the paper is dedicated to try to prove that the given list is exhaustive. We get several partial results that seem to indicate that this is the case. In particular, we solve the question for several general families with arbitrary high degree and for all cases of degree less or equal than 19. As a byproduct of our study we also obtain the highest known order for weak-foci of planar polynomial systems of some given degrees.
Keywords: Poincaré--Lyapunov constants, Nondegenerate center, Darboux center, Holomorphic center, Reversible center, Persistent center..
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 34C25; Secondary: 34C14, 37C10, 37C2.
Citation: Armengol Gasull, Jaume Giné, Joan Torregrosa. Center problem for systems with two monomial nonlinearities. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2016, 15 (2) : 577-598. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2016.15.577
References:
[1]

A. A. Andronov, E. A. Leontovich, I. I. Gordon and A. G. Maĭer, Theory of Bifurcations of Dynamic Systems on a Plane,, Halsted Press [A division of John Wiley & Sons], (1973).   Google Scholar

[2]

J. Bai and Y. Liu, A class of planar degree $n$ (even number) polynomial systems with a fine focus of order $n^2-n$,, \emph{Chinese Sci. Bull.}, 12 (1992), 1063.   Google Scholar

[3]

A. Cima, A. Gasull, V. Mañosa and F. Mañosas, Algebraic properties of the Liapunov and period constants,, \emph{Rocky Mountain J. Math.}, 27 (1997), 471.  doi: 10.1216/rmjm/1181071923.  Google Scholar

[4]

A. Cima, A. Gasull and J. C. Medrado, On persistent centers,, \emph{Bull. Sci. Math.}, 133 (2009), 644.  doi: 10.1016/j.bulsci.2008.08.007.  Google Scholar

[5]

J. Devlin, Word problems related to derivatives of the displacement map,, \emph{Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc.}, 110 (1991), 569.  doi: 10.1017/S0305004100070638.  Google Scholar

[6]

F. Dumortier, J. Llibre and J. C. Artés, Qualitative Theory of Planar Differential Systems,, Universitext, (2006).   Google Scholar

[7]

J.-P. Françoise, Successive derivatives of a first return map, application to the study of quadratic vector fields,, \emph{Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems}, 16 (1996), 87.  doi: 10.1017/S0143385700008725.  Google Scholar

[8]

A. Garijo, A. Gasull and X. Jarque, Normal forms for singularities of one dimensional holomorphic vector fields,, \emph{Electron. J. Differential Equations}, 2004 ().   Google Scholar

[9]

A. Gasull, A. Guillamon and V. Mañosa, An explicit expression of the first Liapunov and period constants with applications,, \emph{J. Math. Anal. Appl.}, 211 (1997), 190.  doi: 10.1006/jmaa.1997.5455.  Google Scholar

[10]

A. Gasull and J. Torregrosa, A new approach to the computation of the Lyapunov constants,, \emph{Comput. Appl. Math.}, 20 (2001), 149.   Google Scholar

[11]

J. Giné, The center problem for a linear center perturbed by homogeneous polynomials,, \emph{Acta Math. Sin. (Engl. Ser.)}, 22 (2006), 1613.  doi: 10.1007/s10114-005-0623-4.  Google Scholar

[12]

J. Giné and X. Santallusia, On the Poincaré-Lyapunov constants and the Poincaré series,, \emph{Appl. Math. (Warsaw)}, 28 (2001), 17.  doi: 10.4064/am28-1-2.  Google Scholar

[13]

J. Giné and X. Santallusia, Implementation of a new algorithm of computation of the Poincaré-Liapunov constants,, \emph{J. Comput. Appl. Math.}, 166 (2004), 465.  doi: 10.1016/j.cam.2003.08.043.  Google Scholar

[14]

Y. R. Liu and J. B. Li, Theory of values of singular point in complex autonomous differential systems,, \emph{Sci. China Ser. A}, 33 (1990), 10.   Google Scholar

[15]

J. Llibre, Integrability of polynomial differential systems,, in \emph{Handbook of Differential Equations (Ordinary Differential Equations Volume I)}, (2004), 437.   Google Scholar

[16]

J. Llibre and R. Rabanal, Planar real polynomial differential systems of degree $n>3$ having a weak focus of high order,, \emph{Rocky Mountain J. Math.}, 42 (2012), 657.  doi: 10.1216/RMJ-2012-42-2-657.  Google Scholar

[17]

J. Llibre and C. Valls, Centers for polynomial vector fields of arbitrary degree,, \emph{Commun. Pure Appl. Anal.}, 8 (2009), 725.  doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2009.8.725.  Google Scholar

[18]

N. G. Lloyd, J. M. Pearson and V. A. Romanovsky, Computing integrability conditions for a cubic differential system,, \emph{Comput. Math. Appl.}, 32 (1996), 99.  doi: 10.1016/S0898-1221(96)00188-5.  Google Scholar

[19]

A. M. Lyapunov, The general problem of the stability of motion,, Taylor & Francis, 5 (1907).  doi: 10.1080/00207179208934253.  Google Scholar

[20]

J. M. Pearson, N. G. Lloyd and C. J. Christopher, Algorithmic derivation of centre conditions,, \emph{SIAM Rev.}, 38 (1996), 619.  doi: 10.1137/S0036144595283575.  Google Scholar

[21]

H. Poincaré, Sur l'intégration des équations différentielles du premier ordre et du premier degré I,, \emph{Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo}, 5 (1891), 161.   Google Scholar

[22]

H. Poincaré, Sur l'intégration des équations différentielles du premier ordre et du premier degré {II},, \emph{Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo}, 11 (1897), 193.   Google Scholar

[23]

Y. Qiu and J. Yang, On the focus order of planar polynomial differential equations,, \emph{J. Differential Equations}, 246 (2009), 3361.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2009.02.005.  Google Scholar

[24]

V. G. Romanovskiĭ, Center conditions for a cubic system with four complex parameters,, \emph{Differentsial\cprime nye Uravneniya}, 31 (1995), 1091.   Google Scholar

[25]

V. G. Romanovskiĭ and D. S. Shafer, The Center and Cyclicity Problems: A Computational Algebra Approach,, Birkh\, (2009).  doi: 10.1007/978-0-8176-4727-8.  Google Scholar

[26]

S. L. Shi, A method of constructing cycles without contact around a weak focus,, \emph{J. Differential Equations}, 41 (1981), 301.  doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(81)90039-5.  Google Scholar

[27]

H. Żoładek, Quadratic systems with center and their perturbations,, \emph{J. Differential Equations}, 109 (1994), 223.  doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1994.1049.  Google Scholar

show all references

References:
[1]

A. A. Andronov, E. A. Leontovich, I. I. Gordon and A. G. Maĭer, Theory of Bifurcations of Dynamic Systems on a Plane,, Halsted Press [A division of John Wiley & Sons], (1973).   Google Scholar

[2]

J. Bai and Y. Liu, A class of planar degree $n$ (even number) polynomial systems with a fine focus of order $n^2-n$,, \emph{Chinese Sci. Bull.}, 12 (1992), 1063.   Google Scholar

[3]

A. Cima, A. Gasull, V. Mañosa and F. Mañosas, Algebraic properties of the Liapunov and period constants,, \emph{Rocky Mountain J. Math.}, 27 (1997), 471.  doi: 10.1216/rmjm/1181071923.  Google Scholar

[4]

A. Cima, A. Gasull and J. C. Medrado, On persistent centers,, \emph{Bull. Sci. Math.}, 133 (2009), 644.  doi: 10.1016/j.bulsci.2008.08.007.  Google Scholar

[5]

J. Devlin, Word problems related to derivatives of the displacement map,, \emph{Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc.}, 110 (1991), 569.  doi: 10.1017/S0305004100070638.  Google Scholar

[6]

F. Dumortier, J. Llibre and J. C. Artés, Qualitative Theory of Planar Differential Systems,, Universitext, (2006).   Google Scholar

[7]

J.-P. Françoise, Successive derivatives of a first return map, application to the study of quadratic vector fields,, \emph{Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems}, 16 (1996), 87.  doi: 10.1017/S0143385700008725.  Google Scholar

[8]

A. Garijo, A. Gasull and X. Jarque, Normal forms for singularities of one dimensional holomorphic vector fields,, \emph{Electron. J. Differential Equations}, 2004 ().   Google Scholar

[9]

A. Gasull, A. Guillamon and V. Mañosa, An explicit expression of the first Liapunov and period constants with applications,, \emph{J. Math. Anal. Appl.}, 211 (1997), 190.  doi: 10.1006/jmaa.1997.5455.  Google Scholar

[10]

A. Gasull and J. Torregrosa, A new approach to the computation of the Lyapunov constants,, \emph{Comput. Appl. Math.}, 20 (2001), 149.   Google Scholar

[11]

J. Giné, The center problem for a linear center perturbed by homogeneous polynomials,, \emph{Acta Math. Sin. (Engl. Ser.)}, 22 (2006), 1613.  doi: 10.1007/s10114-005-0623-4.  Google Scholar

[12]

J. Giné and X. Santallusia, On the Poincaré-Lyapunov constants and the Poincaré series,, \emph{Appl. Math. (Warsaw)}, 28 (2001), 17.  doi: 10.4064/am28-1-2.  Google Scholar

[13]

J. Giné and X. Santallusia, Implementation of a new algorithm of computation of the Poincaré-Liapunov constants,, \emph{J. Comput. Appl. Math.}, 166 (2004), 465.  doi: 10.1016/j.cam.2003.08.043.  Google Scholar

[14]

Y. R. Liu and J. B. Li, Theory of values of singular point in complex autonomous differential systems,, \emph{Sci. China Ser. A}, 33 (1990), 10.   Google Scholar

[15]

J. Llibre, Integrability of polynomial differential systems,, in \emph{Handbook of Differential Equations (Ordinary Differential Equations Volume I)}, (2004), 437.   Google Scholar

[16]

J. Llibre and R. Rabanal, Planar real polynomial differential systems of degree $n>3$ having a weak focus of high order,, \emph{Rocky Mountain J. Math.}, 42 (2012), 657.  doi: 10.1216/RMJ-2012-42-2-657.  Google Scholar

[17]

J. Llibre and C. Valls, Centers for polynomial vector fields of arbitrary degree,, \emph{Commun. Pure Appl. Anal.}, 8 (2009), 725.  doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2009.8.725.  Google Scholar

[18]

N. G. Lloyd, J. M. Pearson and V. A. Romanovsky, Computing integrability conditions for a cubic differential system,, \emph{Comput. Math. Appl.}, 32 (1996), 99.  doi: 10.1016/S0898-1221(96)00188-5.  Google Scholar

[19]

A. M. Lyapunov, The general problem of the stability of motion,, Taylor & Francis, 5 (1907).  doi: 10.1080/00207179208934253.  Google Scholar

[20]

J. M. Pearson, N. G. Lloyd and C. J. Christopher, Algorithmic derivation of centre conditions,, \emph{SIAM Rev.}, 38 (1996), 619.  doi: 10.1137/S0036144595283575.  Google Scholar

[21]

H. Poincaré, Sur l'intégration des équations différentielles du premier ordre et du premier degré I,, \emph{Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo}, 5 (1891), 161.   Google Scholar

[22]

H. Poincaré, Sur l'intégration des équations différentielles du premier ordre et du premier degré {II},, \emph{Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo}, 11 (1897), 193.   Google Scholar

[23]

Y. Qiu and J. Yang, On the focus order of planar polynomial differential equations,, \emph{J. Differential Equations}, 246 (2009), 3361.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2009.02.005.  Google Scholar

[24]

V. G. Romanovskiĭ, Center conditions for a cubic system with four complex parameters,, \emph{Differentsial\cprime nye Uravneniya}, 31 (1995), 1091.   Google Scholar

[25]

V. G. Romanovskiĭ and D. S. Shafer, The Center and Cyclicity Problems: A Computational Algebra Approach,, Birkh\, (2009).  doi: 10.1007/978-0-8176-4727-8.  Google Scholar

[26]

S. L. Shi, A method of constructing cycles without contact around a weak focus,, \emph{J. Differential Equations}, 41 (1981), 301.  doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(81)90039-5.  Google Scholar

[27]

H. Żoładek, Quadratic systems with center and their perturbations,, \emph{J. Differential Equations}, 109 (1994), 223.  doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1994.1049.  Google Scholar

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