# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

• Previous Article
A Liouville-type theorem for higher order elliptic systems of Hé non-Lane-Emden type
• CPAA Home
• This Issue
• Next Article
A weighted $L_p$-theory for second-order parabolic and elliptic partial differential systems on a half space
May  2016, 15(3): 795-806. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2016.15.795

## A class of virus dynamic model with inhibitory effect on the growth of uninfected T cells caused by infected T cells and its stability analysis

 1 Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China, China

Received  January 2015 Revised  October 2015 Published  February 2016

A class of virus dynamic model with inhibitory effect on the growth of uninfected T cells caused by infected T cells is proposed. It is shown that the infection-free equilibrium of the model is globally asymptotically stable, if the reproduction number $R_0$ is less than one, and that the infected equilibrium of the model is locally asymptotically stable, if the reproduction number $R_0$ is larger than one. Furthermore, it is also shown that the model is uniformly persistent, and some explicit formulae for the lower bounds of the solutions of the model are obtained.
Citation: Wenbo Cheng, Wanbiao Ma, Songbai Guo. A class of virus dynamic model with inhibitory effect on the growth of uninfected T cells caused by infected T cells and its stability analysis. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2016, 15 (3) : 795-806. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2016.15.795
##### References:
 [1] H. T. Banks, D. M. Bortz and S. E. Holte, Incorporation of variability into the modeling of viral delays in HIV infection dynamics,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 183 (2003), 63. doi: 10.1016/S0025-5564(02)00218-3. Google Scholar [2] S. Bonhoeffer, R. M. May, G. M. Shaw and M. A. Nowak, Virus dynamics and drug therapy,, \emph{Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, 94 (1997), 6971. Google Scholar [3] R. V. Culshaw and S. Ruan, A delay-differential equation model of HIV infection of CD4$^+$ T-cells,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 165 (2000), 27. Google Scholar [4] R. V. Culshaw, S. Ruan and G. Webb, A mathematical model of cell-to-cell spread of HIV-1 that includes a time delay,, \emph{Journal of Mathematical Biolgy}, 46 (2003), 425. doi: 10.1007/s00285-002-0191-5. Google Scholar [5] D. C. Douek, M. Roederer and R. A. Koup, Emerging Concepts in the Immunopathogenesis of AIDS,, \emph{Annual Review of Medicine}, 60 (2009), 471. Google Scholar [6] R. J. De Boer and A. S. Perelson, Target cell limited and immune control models of HIV infection: a comparison,, \emph{Journal of Theoretical Biology}, 190 (1998), 201. Google Scholar [7] N. M. Dixit and S. Perelson, Complex patterns of viral load decay under antiretroviral therapy: influence of pharmacokinetics and intracellular delay,, \emph{Journal of Theoretical Biology}, 226 (2004), 95. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2003.09.002. Google Scholar [8] T. Gao, W. Wang and X. Liu, Mathematical analysis of an HIV model with impulsive antiretroviral drug doses,, \emph{Mathematics and Computers in Simulation}, 82 (2011), 653. doi: 10.1016/j.matcom.2011.10.007. Google Scholar [9] J. E. Mittler, B. Sulzer, A. U. Neumann and A. S. Perelson, Influence of delayed viral production on viral dynamics in HIV-1 infected patients,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 152 (1998), 143. Google Scholar [10] T. H. Finkel, G. T.-Williams, N. K. Banda, M. F. Cotton, T. Curiel, C. Monks, T. W. Baba, R. M. Ruprecht and A. Kupfer, Apoptosis occurs predominantly in bystander cells and not in productively infected cells of HIV- and SIV-infected lymph nodes,, \emph{Nature Medicine}, 1 (1995), 129. Google Scholar [11] J. K. Hale and S. M. V. Lunel, Introduction to Functional Differential Equations,, Springer-Verlag, (1993). doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4342-7. Google Scholar [12] A. V. M. Herz, S. Bonhoeffer, R. M. Anderson, R. M. May and M. A. Nowak, Viral dynamics in vivo: limitations on estimates of intracellular delay and virus decay,, \emph{Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, 93 (1996), 7247. Google Scholar [13] G. Huang, W. Ma and Y. Takeuchi, Global properties for virus dynamics model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response,, \emph{Applied Mathematics Letters}, 22 (2009), 1690. doi: 10.1016/j.aml.2009.06.004. Google Scholar [14] S. Iwami, S. Nakaoka and Y. Takeuchi, Viral diversity limits immune diversity in asymptomatic phase of HIV infection,, \emph{Theoretical Population Biology}, 73 (2008), 332. Google Scholar [15] Y. Kuang, Delay Differential Equations with Applications in Population Dynamics,, Academic Press, (1993). Google Scholar [16] P. D. Leenheer and H. L. Smith, Virus dynamics: a global analysis,, \emph{SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics}, 63 (2003), 1313. doi: 10.1137/S0036139902406905. Google Scholar [17] D. Li and W. Ma, Asymptotic properties of a HIV-1 infection model with time delay,, \emph{Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications}, 335 (2007), 683. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.02.006. Google Scholar [18] M. Y. Li and H. Shu, Global dynamics of an in-host viral model with intracellular delay,, \emph{Bulletin of mathematical biology}, 72 (2010), 1492. doi: 10.1007/s11538-010-9503-x. Google Scholar [19] A. Murase, T. Sasaki and T. Kajiwara, Stability analysis of pathogen-immune interaction dynamics,, \emph{Journal of Mathematical Biology}, 51 (2005), 247. doi: 10.1007/s00285-005-0321-y. Google Scholar [20] Y. Nakata, Global dynamics of a viral infection model with a latent period and Beddington-DeAngelis response,, \emph{Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, 74 (2011), 2929. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2010.12.030. Google Scholar [21] P. W. Nelson, J. D. Murray and A. S. Perelson, A model of HIV-1 pathogenesis that includes an intracellular delay,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 163 (2000), 201. doi: 10.1016/S0025-5564(99)00055-3. Google Scholar [22] P. W. Nelson and A. S. Perelson, Mathematical analysis of delay differential equation models of HIV-1 infection,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 179 (2002), 73. doi: 10.1016/S0025-5564(02)00099-8. Google Scholar [23] M. A. Nowak and C. R. M. Bangham, Population dynamics of immune responses to persistent viruses,, \emph{Science}, 272 (1996), 74. Google Scholar [24] M. A. Nowak and R. M. May, Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology,, Oxford University Press, (2000). Google Scholar [25] H. Pang, W. Wang and K. Wang, Global properties of virus dynamics with CTL immune response,, \emph{Journal of Southwest China Normal Normal University}, 30 (2005), 796. Google Scholar [26] K. A. Pawelek, S. Liu, F. Pahlevani and L. Rong, A model of HIV-1 infection with two time delays: mathematical analysis and comparison with patient data,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 235 (2012), 98. doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2011.11.002. Google Scholar [27] A. S. Perelson, A. U. Neumann, M. Markowitz, J. M. Leonard and D. D. Ho, HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time,, \emph{Science}, 271 (1996), 1582. Google Scholar [28] A. S. Perelson and P. W. Nelson, Mathematical analysis of HIV-1 dynamics in vivo,, \emph{SIAM Review}, 41 (1999), 3. doi: 10.1137/S0036144598335107. Google Scholar [29] L. Rong, Z. Feng and A. S. Perelson, Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance during antiretroviral treatment,, \emph{Bulletin of Mathematical Biology}, 69 (2007), 2027. doi: 10.1007/s11538-007-9203-3. Google Scholar [30] B. G. Sampath Aruna Pradeep, Wanbiao Ma and Songbai Guo, Stability properties of a delayed HIV model with nonlinear functional response and absorption effect,, \emph{Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka}, 43 (2015), 235. Google Scholar [31] N. Selliah and T. H. Finkel, Biochemical mechanisms of HIV induced T cell apoptosis,, \emph{Cell Death and Differentiation}, 8 (2001), 127. Google Scholar [32] H. Shu and L. Wang, Role of CD4$^+$T-cell proliferation in HIV infection under antiretroviral therapy,, \emph{Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications}, 394 (2012), 529. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2012.05.027. Google Scholar [33] H. L. Smith and X. Q. Zhao, Robust persistence for semidynamical systems, Nonlinear Analysis: Theory,, \emph{Methods & Applications}, 47 (2001), 6169. doi: 10.1016/S0362-546X(01)00678-2. Google Scholar [34] X. Song and A. U. Neumann, Global stability and periodic solution of the viral dynamics,, \emph{Journal of Mathematical Analysis Applications}, 329 (2007), 281. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.06.064. Google Scholar [35] J. Tam, Delay effect in a model for virus replication,, \emph{Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA}, 16 (1999), 29. Google Scholar [36] W. Wang, Global behavior of an SEIRS epidemic model with time delay,, \emph{Applied Mathematics Letters}, 15 (2002), 423. doi: 10.1016/S0893-9659(01)00153-7. Google Scholar [37] Y. Wang, Y. Zhou, J. Wu and J. Heffernan, Oscillatory viral dynamics in a delayed HIV pathogenesis model,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 219 (2009), 104. doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2009.03.003. Google Scholar [38] R. Xu, Global stability of an HIV-1 infection model with saturation infection and intracellular delay,, \emph{Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications}, 375 (2011), 75. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2010.08.055. Google Scholar [39] H. Zhu and X. Zou, Dynamics of a HIV-1 infection model with cell-mediated immune response and intracellular delay,, \emph{Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems}, 12 (2009), 511. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2009.12.511. Google Scholar

show all references

##### References:
 [1] H. T. Banks, D. M. Bortz and S. E. Holte, Incorporation of variability into the modeling of viral delays in HIV infection dynamics,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 183 (2003), 63. doi: 10.1016/S0025-5564(02)00218-3. Google Scholar [2] S. Bonhoeffer, R. M. May, G. M. Shaw and M. A. Nowak, Virus dynamics and drug therapy,, \emph{Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, 94 (1997), 6971. Google Scholar [3] R. V. Culshaw and S. Ruan, A delay-differential equation model of HIV infection of CD4$^+$ T-cells,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 165 (2000), 27. Google Scholar [4] R. V. Culshaw, S. Ruan and G. Webb, A mathematical model of cell-to-cell spread of HIV-1 that includes a time delay,, \emph{Journal of Mathematical Biolgy}, 46 (2003), 425. doi: 10.1007/s00285-002-0191-5. Google Scholar [5] D. C. Douek, M. Roederer and R. A. Koup, Emerging Concepts in the Immunopathogenesis of AIDS,, \emph{Annual Review of Medicine}, 60 (2009), 471. Google Scholar [6] R. J. De Boer and A. S. Perelson, Target cell limited and immune control models of HIV infection: a comparison,, \emph{Journal of Theoretical Biology}, 190 (1998), 201. Google Scholar [7] N. M. Dixit and S. Perelson, Complex patterns of viral load decay under antiretroviral therapy: influence of pharmacokinetics and intracellular delay,, \emph{Journal of Theoretical Biology}, 226 (2004), 95. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2003.09.002. Google Scholar [8] T. Gao, W. Wang and X. Liu, Mathematical analysis of an HIV model with impulsive antiretroviral drug doses,, \emph{Mathematics and Computers in Simulation}, 82 (2011), 653. doi: 10.1016/j.matcom.2011.10.007. Google Scholar [9] J. E. Mittler, B. Sulzer, A. U. Neumann and A. S. Perelson, Influence of delayed viral production on viral dynamics in HIV-1 infected patients,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 152 (1998), 143. Google Scholar [10] T. H. Finkel, G. T.-Williams, N. K. Banda, M. F. Cotton, T. Curiel, C. Monks, T. W. Baba, R. M. Ruprecht and A. Kupfer, Apoptosis occurs predominantly in bystander cells and not in productively infected cells of HIV- and SIV-infected lymph nodes,, \emph{Nature Medicine}, 1 (1995), 129. Google Scholar [11] J. K. Hale and S. M. V. Lunel, Introduction to Functional Differential Equations,, Springer-Verlag, (1993). doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4342-7. Google Scholar [12] A. V. M. Herz, S. Bonhoeffer, R. M. Anderson, R. M. May and M. A. Nowak, Viral dynamics in vivo: limitations on estimates of intracellular delay and virus decay,, \emph{Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, 93 (1996), 7247. Google Scholar [13] G. Huang, W. Ma and Y. Takeuchi, Global properties for virus dynamics model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response,, \emph{Applied Mathematics Letters}, 22 (2009), 1690. doi: 10.1016/j.aml.2009.06.004. Google Scholar [14] S. Iwami, S. Nakaoka and Y. Takeuchi, Viral diversity limits immune diversity in asymptomatic phase of HIV infection,, \emph{Theoretical Population Biology}, 73 (2008), 332. Google Scholar [15] Y. Kuang, Delay Differential Equations with Applications in Population Dynamics,, Academic Press, (1993). Google Scholar [16] P. D. Leenheer and H. L. Smith, Virus dynamics: a global analysis,, \emph{SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics}, 63 (2003), 1313. doi: 10.1137/S0036139902406905. Google Scholar [17] D. Li and W. Ma, Asymptotic properties of a HIV-1 infection model with time delay,, \emph{Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications}, 335 (2007), 683. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.02.006. Google Scholar [18] M. Y. Li and H. Shu, Global dynamics of an in-host viral model with intracellular delay,, \emph{Bulletin of mathematical biology}, 72 (2010), 1492. doi: 10.1007/s11538-010-9503-x. Google Scholar [19] A. Murase, T. Sasaki and T. Kajiwara, Stability analysis of pathogen-immune interaction dynamics,, \emph{Journal of Mathematical Biology}, 51 (2005), 247. doi: 10.1007/s00285-005-0321-y. Google Scholar [20] Y. Nakata, Global dynamics of a viral infection model with a latent period and Beddington-DeAngelis response,, \emph{Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, 74 (2011), 2929. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2010.12.030. Google Scholar [21] P. W. Nelson, J. D. Murray and A. S. Perelson, A model of HIV-1 pathogenesis that includes an intracellular delay,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 163 (2000), 201. doi: 10.1016/S0025-5564(99)00055-3. Google Scholar [22] P. W. Nelson and A. S. Perelson, Mathematical analysis of delay differential equation models of HIV-1 infection,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 179 (2002), 73. doi: 10.1016/S0025-5564(02)00099-8. Google Scholar [23] M. A. Nowak and C. R. M. Bangham, Population dynamics of immune responses to persistent viruses,, \emph{Science}, 272 (1996), 74. Google Scholar [24] M. A. Nowak and R. M. May, Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology,, Oxford University Press, (2000). Google Scholar [25] H. Pang, W. Wang and K. Wang, Global properties of virus dynamics with CTL immune response,, \emph{Journal of Southwest China Normal Normal University}, 30 (2005), 796. Google Scholar [26] K. A. Pawelek, S. Liu, F. Pahlevani and L. Rong, A model of HIV-1 infection with two time delays: mathematical analysis and comparison with patient data,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 235 (2012), 98. doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2011.11.002. Google Scholar [27] A. S. Perelson, A. U. Neumann, M. Markowitz, J. M. Leonard and D. D. Ho, HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time,, \emph{Science}, 271 (1996), 1582. Google Scholar [28] A. S. Perelson and P. W. Nelson, Mathematical analysis of HIV-1 dynamics in vivo,, \emph{SIAM Review}, 41 (1999), 3. doi: 10.1137/S0036144598335107. Google Scholar [29] L. Rong, Z. Feng and A. S. Perelson, Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance during antiretroviral treatment,, \emph{Bulletin of Mathematical Biology}, 69 (2007), 2027. doi: 10.1007/s11538-007-9203-3. Google Scholar [30] B. G. Sampath Aruna Pradeep, Wanbiao Ma and Songbai Guo, Stability properties of a delayed HIV model with nonlinear functional response and absorption effect,, \emph{Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka}, 43 (2015), 235. Google Scholar [31] N. Selliah and T. H. Finkel, Biochemical mechanisms of HIV induced T cell apoptosis,, \emph{Cell Death and Differentiation}, 8 (2001), 127. Google Scholar [32] H. Shu and L. Wang, Role of CD4$^+$T-cell proliferation in HIV infection under antiretroviral therapy,, \emph{Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications}, 394 (2012), 529. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2012.05.027. Google Scholar [33] H. L. Smith and X. Q. Zhao, Robust persistence for semidynamical systems, Nonlinear Analysis: Theory,, \emph{Methods & Applications}, 47 (2001), 6169. doi: 10.1016/S0362-546X(01)00678-2. Google Scholar [34] X. Song and A. U. Neumann, Global stability and periodic solution of the viral dynamics,, \emph{Journal of Mathematical Analysis Applications}, 329 (2007), 281. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.06.064. Google Scholar [35] J. Tam, Delay effect in a model for virus replication,, \emph{Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA}, 16 (1999), 29. Google Scholar [36] W. Wang, Global behavior of an SEIRS epidemic model with time delay,, \emph{Applied Mathematics Letters}, 15 (2002), 423. doi: 10.1016/S0893-9659(01)00153-7. Google Scholar [37] Y. Wang, Y. Zhou, J. Wu and J. Heffernan, Oscillatory viral dynamics in a delayed HIV pathogenesis model,, \emph{Mathematical Biosciences}, 219 (2009), 104. doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2009.03.003. Google Scholar [38] R. Xu, Global stability of an HIV-1 infection model with saturation infection and intracellular delay,, \emph{Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications}, 375 (2011), 75. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2010.08.055. Google Scholar [39] H. Zhu and X. Zou, Dynamics of a HIV-1 infection model with cell-mediated immune response and intracellular delay,, \emph{Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems}, 12 (2009), 511. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2009.12.511. Google Scholar
 [1] Bao-Zhu Guo, Li-Ming Cai. A note for the global stability of a delay differential equation of hepatitis B virus infection. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2011, 8 (3) : 689-694. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2011.8.689 [2] Steffen Eikenberry, Sarah Hews, John D. Nagy, Yang Kuang. The dynamics of a delay model of hepatitis B virus infection with logistic hepatocyte growth. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2009, 6 (2) : 283-299. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2009.6.283 [3] Cuicui Jiang, Kaifa Wang, Lijuan Song. Global dynamics of a delay virus model with recruitment and saturation effects of immune responses. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2017, 14 (5&6) : 1233-1246. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2017063 [4] Hal L. Smith, Horst R. Thieme. Persistence and global stability for a class of discrete time structured population models. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2013, 33 (10) : 4627-4646. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.4627 [5] Sung Kyu Choi, Namjip Koo. Stability of linear dynamic equations on time scales. Conference Publications, 2009, 2009 (Special) : 161-170. doi: 10.3934/proc.2009.2009.161 [6] Nabil T. Fadai, Michael J. Ward, Juncheng Wei. A time-delay in the activator kinetics enhances the stability of a spike solution to the gierer-meinhardt model. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2018, 23 (4) : 1431-1458. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018158 [7] Ariel D. Weinberger, Alan S. Perelson. Persistence and emergence of X4 virus in HIV infection. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2011, 8 (2) : 605-626. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2011.8.605 [8] Yun Tian, Yu Bai, Pei Yu. Impact of delay on HIV-1 dynamics of fighting a virus with another virus. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2014, 11 (5) : 1181-1198. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2014.11.1181 [9] Monika Joanna Piotrowska, Urszula Foryś, Marek Bodnar, Jan Poleszczuk. A simple model of carcinogenic mutations with time delay and diffusion. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2013, 10 (3) : 861-872. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2013.10.861 [10] Songbai Guo, Wanbiao Ma. Global dynamics of a microorganism flocculation model with time delay. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2017, 16 (5) : 1883-1891. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2017091 [11] Hong Yang, Junjie Wei. Dynamics of spatially heterogeneous viral model with time delay. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2020, 19 (1) : 85-102. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2020005 [12] Hongying Shu, Lin Wang. Global stability and backward bifurcation of a general viral infection model with virus-driven proliferation of target cells. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2014, 19 (6) : 1749-1768. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2014.19.1749 [13] Yu Yang, Shigui Ruan, Dongmei Xiao. Global stability of an age-structured virus dynamics model with Beddington-DeAngelis infection function. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2015, 12 (4) : 859-877. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2015.12.859 [14] Antoine Perasso. Global stability and uniform persistence for an infection load-structured SI model with exponential growth velocity. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2019, 18 (1) : 15-32. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2019002 [15] Kazuo Yamazaki, Xueying Wang. Global stability and uniform persistence of the reaction-convection-diffusion cholera epidemic model. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2017, 14 (2) : 559-579. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2017033 [16] Serge Nicaise, Cristina Pignotti, Julie Valein. Exponential stability of the wave equation with boundary time-varying delay. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2011, 4 (3) : 693-722. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2011.4.693 [17] Xiang Xie, Honglei Xu, Xinming Cheng, Yilun Yu. Improved results on exponential stability of discrete-time switched delay systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2017, 22 (1) : 199-208. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2017010 [18] Yan Zhang, Wanbiao Ma, Hai Yan, Yasuhiro Takeuchi. A dynamic model describing heterotrophic culture of chorella and its stability analysis. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2011, 8 (4) : 1117-1133. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2011.8.1117 [19] Elamin H. Elbasha. Model for hepatitis C virus transmissions. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2013, 10 (4) : 1045-1065. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2013.10.1045 [20] Nicola Bellomo, Youshan Tao. Stabilization in a chemotaxis model for virus infection. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2018, 0 (0) : 105-117. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2020006

2018 Impact Factor: 0.925