Multiple complex-valued solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equations involving magnetic potentials

Previous Article
Almost reducibility of linear difference systems from a spectral point of view
CPAA Home
This Issue
Next Article
On a class of rotationally symmetric $p$-harmonic maps

November 2017, 16(6): 1957-1975. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2017096

Multiple complex-valued solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equations involving magnetic potentials

Gan Lu and Weiming Liu ^,

School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China

* Corresponding author

Received September 2016 Revised April 2017 Published July 2017

Fund Project: The authors would like to thank the referees for their suggestions of this work. The paper is supported by the fund from NSFC (No.11601139).

This paper is concerned with the following nonlinear Schrödinger equations with magnetic potentials

$\begin{equation}\label{0} \Bigl(\frac{\nabla}{i}-α A(|x|)\Bigl)^{2}u+(1+α V(|x|))u=|u|^{p-2}u,\,\,u∈ H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{N},\mathbb{C}),\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \left( 0.1 \right) \end{equation}$

where $2<p<\frac{2N}{N-2}$ if $N≥q 3$ and $2<p<+∞$ if $N=2$. $α$ can be regarded as a parameter. $A(|x|)=(A_{1}(|x|),A_{2}(|x|),···,A_{N}(|x|))$ is a magnetic field satisfying that $A_{j}(|x|)>0(j=1,...,N)$ is a real $C^{1}$ bounded function on $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ and $V(|x|)>0$ is a real continuous electric potential. Under some decaying conditions of both electric and magnetic potentials which are given in section 1, we prove that the equation has multiple complex-valued solutions by applying the finite reduction method.

Keywords: Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction, magnetic potentials, nonlinear Schrödinger equations, multiple complex-valued solutions.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35J10, 35B99; Secondary: 35J60.

Citation: Gan Lu, Weiming Liu. Multiple complex-valued solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equations involving magnetic potentials. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis, 2017, 16 (6) : 1957-1975. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2017096

References:

[1]	A. Ambrosetti, E. Colorado and D. Ruiz, Multi-bump solitons to linearly coupled systems of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 30 (2007), 85-112. doi: 10.1007/s00526-006-0079-0.
[2]	T. Bartsch, E. N. Dancer and S. Peng, On multi-bump semiclassical bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger euqations with electromagnetic fields, Adv. Differential Equations, 7 (2006), 781-812.
[3]	S. Cingolani and M. Clapp, Intertwining semiclassical bound states to a nonlinear magnetic Schrödinger equation, Nonlinearity, 22 (2009), 2309-2331. doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/22/9/013.
[4]	S. Cingolani, L. Jeanjean and S. Secchi, Multi-peak solutions for magnetic NLS equations without non-degeneracy conditions, ESAIM Control Optim. Calc. Var., 15 (2009), 653-675. doi: 10.1051/cocv:2008055.
[5]	D. Cao and E. S. Noussair, Multiplicity of positive and nodal solutions for nonlinear elliptic problems in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 13 (1996), 567-588. doi: 10.1016/S0294-1449(16)30115-9.
[6]	D. Cao, E. S. Noussair and S. Yan, Existence and uniqueness results on single-peaked solutions of a semilinear problem, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 15 (1998), 73-111. doi: 10.1016/S0294-1449(99)80021-3.
[7]	D. Cao, E. S. Noussair and S. Yan, Solutions with multiple peaks for nonlinear elliptic equations, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh. Sect. A, (1999), 235-264. doi: 10.1017/S030821050002134X.
[8]	J. Cosmo and J. Schaftingen, Semiclassical stationary states for nonlinear Schrödinger equations under a strong external magnetic field, J. Differential Equations, 259 (2015), 596-627. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2015.02.016.
[9]	S. Cingolani and S. Secchi, Semiclassical limit for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with electromagenetic fields, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 275 (2002), 108-130. doi: 10.1016/S0022-247X(02)00278-0.
[10]	S. Cingolani and S. Secchi, Semiclassical states for NLS equations with magenetic potentials having polynomial growths J. Math. Phys. , 46 (2005), 053503, 19 pp. doi: 10.1063/1.1874333.
[11]	D. Cao and Z. Tang, Existence and Uniqueness of multi-bump bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with electromagnetic fields, J. Differential Equations, 222 (2006), 381-424. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2005.06.027.
[12]	Y. Ding and X. Liu, Semiclassical solutions of Schrödinger equations with magnetic fields and critical nonlinearities, Manuscripta Math., 140 (2013), 51-82. doi: 10.1007/s00229-011-0530-1.
[13]	Y. Ding and Z. Wang, Bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with magnetic fields, Annali di Matematica, 190 (2011), 427-451. doi: 10.1007/s10231-010-0157-y.
[14]	C. Gui, Existence of multi-bump solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger equations via variational method, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 21 (1996), 787-820. doi: 10.1080/03605309608821208.
[15]	K. Kurata, Existence and semi-classical limit of the least energy solution to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with electromagenetic fields, Nonlinear Anal., 41 (2000), 763-778. doi: 10.1016/S0362-546X(98)00308-3.
[16]	M. K. Kwong, Uniqueness of the positive solution of $Δ u-u+u^{p}=0$ in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 105 (1989), 243-266. doi: 10.1007/BF00251502.
[17]	X. Kang and J. Wei, On interacting bumps of semi-classical states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Adv. Differential Equations, 5 (2000), 899-928.
[18]	W. Long and S. Peng, Multiple positive solutions for a type of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa Classe di Scienze, 16 (2016), 603-623.
[19]	G. Li, S. Peng and C. Wang, Infinitely many solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with electromagnetic fields, J. Differential Equations, 251 (2011), 3500-3521. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2011.08.038.
[20]	W. Liu, Infinitely many solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger systems with magnetic potentials in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$, Math. Meth. Appl. Sci., 39 (2016), 1452-1479. doi: 10.1002/mma.3581.
[21]	W. Liu and C. Wang, Infinitely many solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equations with magnetic potentials in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ J. Math. Phys. , 54 (2013), 121508, 23pp. doi: 10.1063/1.4851756.
[22]	W. Liu and C. Wang, Multi-peak solutions of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with magnetic fields, Adv. Nonlinear Stud., 14 (2014), 951-975. doi: 10.1515/ans-2014-0408.
[23]	W. Liu and C. Wang, Infinitely many solutions for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with non-symmetric electromagnetic fields, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. A, 36 (2016), 7081-7115. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016109.
[24]	E. S. Noussair and S. Yan, On positive multipeak solutions of a nonlinear elliptic problem, J. Lond. Math. Soc., 62 (2000), 213-227. doi: 10.1112/S002461070000898X.
[25]	E. S. Noussair and S. Yan, The effect of the domain geometry in singular perturbation problems, Proc. London Math. Soc., 76 (1998), 427-452. doi: 10.1112/S0024611598000148.
[26]	M. Del Pino and P. L. Felmer, Multi-peak bound states for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 15 (1998), 127-149. doi: 10.1016/S0294-1449(97)89296-7.
[27]	S. Shirai, Multi-bump solutions to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with steep magnetic wells J. Math. Phys. , 56(2015), 091510, 19pp. doi: 10.1063/1.4930247.
[28]	M. Squassina, Soliton dynamics for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with magnetic field, Manuscripta Math., 130 (2009), 461-494. doi: 10.1007/s00229-009-0307-y.
[29]	D. Salazar, Vortex-type solutions to a magnetic nonlinear Choquard equation, Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 66 (2015), 663-675. doi: 10.1007/s00033-014-0412-y.
[30]	C. Sulem and P. L. Sulem, The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation Self-Focusing and Wave Collapse, Applied Mathematical Sciences 139. Springer-Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1999.
[31]	J. Wei and S. Yan, Infinitely many positive solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equations in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 37 (2010), 423-439. doi: 10.1007/s00526-009-0270-1.
[32]	J. Wei and S. Yan, Infinitely many solutions for the prescribed scalar curvature problem on $\mathbb{S}^N$, J. Funct. Anal., 258 (2010), 3048-3081. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2009.12.008.
[33]	M. Yang and Y. Wei, Existence and multiplicity of solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with magnetic field and Hartree type nonlinearities, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 403 (2013), 680-694. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2013.02.062.

show all references

References:

[1]	A. Ambrosetti, E. Colorado and D. Ruiz, Multi-bump solitons to linearly coupled systems of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 30 (2007), 85-112. doi: 10.1007/s00526-006-0079-0.
[2]	T. Bartsch, E. N. Dancer and S. Peng, On multi-bump semiclassical bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger euqations with electromagnetic fields, Adv. Differential Equations, 7 (2006), 781-812.
[3]	S. Cingolani and M. Clapp, Intertwining semiclassical bound states to a nonlinear magnetic Schrödinger equation, Nonlinearity, 22 (2009), 2309-2331. doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/22/9/013.
[4]	S. Cingolani, L. Jeanjean and S. Secchi, Multi-peak solutions for magnetic NLS equations without non-degeneracy conditions, ESAIM Control Optim. Calc. Var., 15 (2009), 653-675. doi: 10.1051/cocv:2008055.
[5]	D. Cao and E. S. Noussair, Multiplicity of positive and nodal solutions for nonlinear elliptic problems in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 13 (1996), 567-588. doi: 10.1016/S0294-1449(16)30115-9.
[6]	D. Cao, E. S. Noussair and S. Yan, Existence and uniqueness results on single-peaked solutions of a semilinear problem, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 15 (1998), 73-111. doi: 10.1016/S0294-1449(99)80021-3.
[7]	D. Cao, E. S. Noussair and S. Yan, Solutions with multiple peaks for nonlinear elliptic equations, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh. Sect. A, (1999), 235-264. doi: 10.1017/S030821050002134X.
[8]	J. Cosmo and J. Schaftingen, Semiclassical stationary states for nonlinear Schrödinger equations under a strong external magnetic field, J. Differential Equations, 259 (2015), 596-627. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2015.02.016.
[9]	S. Cingolani and S. Secchi, Semiclassical limit for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with electromagenetic fields, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 275 (2002), 108-130. doi: 10.1016/S0022-247X(02)00278-0.
[10]	S. Cingolani and S. Secchi, Semiclassical states for NLS equations with magenetic potentials having polynomial growths J. Math. Phys. , 46 (2005), 053503, 19 pp. doi: 10.1063/1.1874333.
[11]	D. Cao and Z. Tang, Existence and Uniqueness of multi-bump bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with electromagnetic fields, J. Differential Equations, 222 (2006), 381-424. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2005.06.027.
[12]	Y. Ding and X. Liu, Semiclassical solutions of Schrödinger equations with magnetic fields and critical nonlinearities, Manuscripta Math., 140 (2013), 51-82. doi: 10.1007/s00229-011-0530-1.
[13]	Y. Ding and Z. Wang, Bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with magnetic fields, Annali di Matematica, 190 (2011), 427-451. doi: 10.1007/s10231-010-0157-y.
[14]	C. Gui, Existence of multi-bump solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger equations via variational method, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 21 (1996), 787-820. doi: 10.1080/03605309608821208.
[15]	K. Kurata, Existence and semi-classical limit of the least energy solution to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with electromagenetic fields, Nonlinear Anal., 41 (2000), 763-778. doi: 10.1016/S0362-546X(98)00308-3.
[16]	M. K. Kwong, Uniqueness of the positive solution of $Δ u-u+u^{p}=0$ in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 105 (1989), 243-266. doi: 10.1007/BF00251502.
[17]	X. Kang and J. Wei, On interacting bumps of semi-classical states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Adv. Differential Equations, 5 (2000), 899-928.
[18]	W. Long and S. Peng, Multiple positive solutions for a type of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa Classe di Scienze, 16 (2016), 603-623.
[19]	G. Li, S. Peng and C. Wang, Infinitely many solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with electromagnetic fields, J. Differential Equations, 251 (2011), 3500-3521. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2011.08.038.
[20]	W. Liu, Infinitely many solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger systems with magnetic potentials in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$, Math. Meth. Appl. Sci., 39 (2016), 1452-1479. doi: 10.1002/mma.3581.
[21]	W. Liu and C. Wang, Infinitely many solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equations with magnetic potentials in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ J. Math. Phys. , 54 (2013), 121508, 23pp. doi: 10.1063/1.4851756.
[22]	W. Liu and C. Wang, Multi-peak solutions of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with magnetic fields, Adv. Nonlinear Stud., 14 (2014), 951-975. doi: 10.1515/ans-2014-0408.
[23]	W. Liu and C. Wang, Infinitely many solutions for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with non-symmetric electromagnetic fields, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. A, 36 (2016), 7081-7115. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016109.
[24]	E. S. Noussair and S. Yan, On positive multipeak solutions of a nonlinear elliptic problem, J. Lond. Math. Soc., 62 (2000), 213-227. doi: 10.1112/S002461070000898X.
[25]	E. S. Noussair and S. Yan, The effect of the domain geometry in singular perturbation problems, Proc. London Math. Soc., 76 (1998), 427-452. doi: 10.1112/S0024611598000148.
[26]	M. Del Pino and P. L. Felmer, Multi-peak bound states for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 15 (1998), 127-149. doi: 10.1016/S0294-1449(97)89296-7.
[27]	S. Shirai, Multi-bump solutions to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with steep magnetic wells J. Math. Phys. , 56(2015), 091510, 19pp. doi: 10.1063/1.4930247.
[28]	M. Squassina, Soliton dynamics for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with magnetic field, Manuscripta Math., 130 (2009), 461-494. doi: 10.1007/s00229-009-0307-y.
[29]	D. Salazar, Vortex-type solutions to a magnetic nonlinear Choquard equation, Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 66 (2015), 663-675. doi: 10.1007/s00033-014-0412-y.
[30]	C. Sulem and P. L. Sulem, The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation Self-Focusing and Wave Collapse, Applied Mathematical Sciences 139. Springer-Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1999.
[31]	J. Wei and S. Yan, Infinitely many positive solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equations in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 37 (2010), 423-439. doi: 10.1007/s00526-009-0270-1.
[32]	J. Wei and S. Yan, Infinitely many solutions for the prescribed scalar curvature problem on $\mathbb{S}^N$, J. Funct. Anal., 258 (2010), 3048-3081. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2009.12.008.
[33]	M. Yang and Y. Wei, Existence and multiplicity of solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with magnetic field and Hartree type nonlinearities, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 403 (2013), 680-694. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2013.02.062.

[1]	Heinz Schättler, Urszula Ledzewicz. Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction for optimal control problems. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2012, 17 (6) : 2201-2223. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2012.17.2201
[2]	Tuoc Phan, Grozdena Todorova, Borislav Yordanov. Existence uniqueness and regularity theory for elliptic equations with complex-valued potentials. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2021, 41 (3) : 1071-1099. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020310
[3]	Christian Pötzsche. Nonautonomous bifurcation of bounded solutions I: A Lyapunov-Schmidt approach. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2010, 14 (2) : 739-776. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2010.14.739
[4]	Zaihui Gan, Boling Guo, Jian Zhang. Blowup and global existence of the nonlinear Schrödinger equations with multiple potentials. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis, 2009, 8 (4) : 1303-1312. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2009.8.1303
[5]	Xing Cheng, Ze Li, Lifeng Zhao. Scattering of solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger equations with regular potentials. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2017, 37 (6) : 2999-3023. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2017129
[6]	Jerry L. Bona, Stéphane Vento, Fred B. Weissler. Singularity formation and blowup of complex-valued solutions of the modified KdV equation. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2013, 33 (11&12) : 4811-4840. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.4811
[7]	Tai-Chia Lin, Tsung-Fang Wu. Multiple positive solutions of saturable nonlinear Schrödinger equations with intensity functions. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2020, 40 (4) : 2165-2187. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020110
[8]	Chenxi Guo, Guillaume Bal. Reconstruction of complex-valued tensors in the Maxwell system from knowledge of internal magnetic fields. Inverse Problems and Imaging, 2014, 8 (4) : 1033-1051. doi: 10.3934/ipi.2014.8.1033
[9]	Renata Bunoiu, Radu Precup, Csaba Varga. Multiple positive standing wave solutions for schrödinger equations with oscillating state-dependent potentials. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis, 2017, 16 (3) : 953-972. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2017046
[10]	Fengshuang Gao, Yuxia Guo. Multiple solutions for a nonlinear Schrödinger systems. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis, 2020, 19 (2) : 1181-1204. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2020055
[11]	Chao Ji. Ground state solutions of fractional Schrödinger equations with potentials and weak monotonicity condition on the nonlinear term. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2019, 24 (11) : 6071-6089. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2019131
[12]	Weiwei Ao, Juncheng Wei, Wen Yang. Infinitely many positive solutions of fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equations with non-symmetric potentials. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2017, 37 (11) : 5561-5601. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2017242
[13]	Mingwen Fei, Huicheng Yin. Nodal solutions of 2-D critical nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potentials vanishing at infinity. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2015, 35 (7) : 2921-2948. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2015.35.2921
[14]	Daiwen Huang, Jingjun Zhang. Global smooth solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with magnetic effect. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2016, 9 (6) : 1753-1773. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2016073
[15]	Haidong Liu, Zhaoli Liu. Positive solutions of a nonlinear Schrödinger system with nonconstant potentials. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2016, 36 (3) : 1431-1464. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016.36.1431
[16]	Jing Yang. Segregated vector Solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger systems with electromagnetic potentials. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis, 2017, 16 (5) : 1785-1805. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2017087
[17]	Xiaoming An, Xian Yang. Semi-classical states for fractional Schrödinger equations with magnetic fields and fast decaying potentials. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis, 2022, 21 (5) : 1649-1672. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2022038
[18]	Yongsheng Jiang, Huan-Song Zhou. A sharp decay estimate for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with vanishing potentials. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis, 2010, 9 (6) : 1723-1730. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2010.9.1723
[19]	Rémi Carles. Global existence results for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with quadratic potentials. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2005, 13 (2) : 385-398. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2005.13.385
[20]	M. D. Todorov, C. I. Christov. Conservative numerical scheme in complex arithmetic for coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Conference Publications, 2007, 2007 (Special) : 982-992. doi: 10.3934/proc.2007.2007.982

2020 Impact Factor: 1.916

Tools

Metrics

Other articles
by authors

on AIMS
Gan Lu Weiming Liu
on Google Scholar
Gan Lu Weiming Liu

2020 Impact Factor: 1.916

Tools

Article outline

2020 Impact Factor: 1.916

Tools

Metrics

Other articles
by authors

on AIMS
Gan Lu Weiming Liu
on Google Scholar
Gan Lu Weiming Liu

[Back to Top]