The Soap Bubble Theorem and a p -Laplacian overdetermined problem

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February 2020, 19(2): 983-1000. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2020045

The Soap Bubble Theorem and a $ p $-Laplacian overdetermined problem

Francesca Colasuonno ^1,, and Fausto Ferrari ^2,

1.	Dipartimento di Matematica "Giuseppe Peano", Università degli Studi di Torino, via Carlo Alberto, 10 - 10123 Torino, Italy
2.	Dipartimento di Matematica, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, piazza di Porta S. Donato, 5 - 40126 Bologna, Italy

^* Corresponding author

Received March 2019 Revised July 2019 Published October 2019

We consider the $ p $-Laplacian equation $ -\Delta_p u = 1 $ for $ 1<p<2 $, on a regular bounded domain $ \Omega\subset\mathbb R^N $, with $ N\ge2 $, under homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. In the spirit of Alexandrov's Soap Bubble Theorem and of Serrin's symmetry result for the overdetermined problems, we prove that if the mean curvature $ H $ of $ \partial\Omega $ is constant, then $ \Omega $ is a ball and the unique solution of the Dirichlet $ p $-Laplacian problem is radial. The main tools used are integral identities, the $ P $-function, and the maximum principle.

Keywords: Alexandrov's soap bubble theorem, Serrin-type result for overdetermined $ p $-Laplacian problems, $ p $-torsional problem, $ P $-function, radial symmetry results.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35J92, 35B06, 35N25, 35A23; Secondary: 53A10.

Citation: Francesca Colasuonno, Fausto Ferrari. The Soap Bubble Theorem and a $ p $-Laplacian overdetermined problem. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis, 2020, 19 (2) : 983-1000. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2020045

References:

[1]	A. Aftalion, J. Busca and W. Reichel, Approximate radial symmetry for overdetermined boundary value problems, Adv. Differential Equations, 4 (1999), 907-932.
[2]	A. D. Alexandrov, A characteristic property of spheres, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., 58 (1962), 303-315. doi: 10.1007/BF02413056.
[3]	C. Bianchini and G. Ciraolo, Wulff shape characterizations in overdetermined anisotropic elliptic problems, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 43 (2018), 790-820. doi: 10.1080/03605302.2018.1475488.
[4]	B. Brandolini, C. Nitsch, P. Salani and C. Trombetti, On the stability of the Serrin problem, J. Differential Equations, 245 (2008), 1566-1583. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2008.06.010.
[5]	F. Brock, Symmetry for a general class of overdetermined elliptic problems, Nonlinear Differential Equations and Applications NoDEA, (2016) 23: 36. doi: 10.1007/s00030-016-0390-1.
[6]	F. Brock and A. Henrot, A symmetry result for an overdetermined elliptic problem using continuous rearrangement and domain derivative, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo, 51 (2002), 375-390. doi: 10.1007/BF02871848.
[7]	G. Ciraolo and F. Maggi, On the shape of compact hypersurfaces with almost-constant mean curvature, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 70 (2017), 665-716. doi: 10.1002/cpa.21683.
[8]	G. Ciraolo, R. Magnanini and V. Vespri, Hölder stability for Serrin's overdetermined problem, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., 195 (2016), 1333-1345. doi: 10.1007/s10231-015-0518-7.
[9]	G. Ciraolo and A. Roncoroni, Serrin's type overdetermined problems in convex cones, preprint, arXiv: 1806.08553.
[10]	G. Ciraolo and L. Vezzoni, A sharp quantitative version of Alexandrov's theorem via the method of moving planes, J. Eur. Math. Soc., 20 (2018), 261-299. doi: 10.4171/JEMS/766.
[11]	L. Damascelli and F. Pacella, Monotonicity and symmetry results for $p$-Laplace equations and applications, Adv. Differential Equations, 5 (2000), 1179-1200.
[12]	A. Farina and B. Kawohl, Remarks on an overdetermined boundary value problem, Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations, 31 (2008), 351-357. doi: 10.1007/s00526-007-0115-8.
[13]	I. Fragalà, F. Gazzola and B. Kawohl, Overdetermined problems with possibly degenerate ellipticity, a geometric approach, Mathematische Zeitschrift, 254 (2006), 117-132. doi: 10.1007/s00209-006-0937-7.
[14]	N. Garofalo and J. L. Lewis, A symmetry result related to some overdetermined boundary value problems, American Journal of Mathematics, 111 (1989), 9-33. doi: 10.2307/2374477.
[15]	B. Kawohl, Symmetrization–or how to prove symmetry of solutions to a pde, Partial differential equations (Praha, 1998), 406 (1999), 214-229.
[16]	G. M. Lieberman, Boundary regularity for solutions of degenerate elliptic equations, Nonlinear Anal., 12 (1988), 1203-1219. doi: 10.1016/0362-546X(88)90053-3.
[17]	R. Magnanini and G. Poggesi, On the stability for Alexandrov's soap bubble theorem, to appear in J. Anal. Math, (2016).
[18]	R. Magnanini and G. Poggesi, Serrin's problem and Alexandrov's soap bubble theorem: enhanced stability via integral identities, preprint, arXiv: 1708.07392.
[19]	R. Magnanini and G. Poggesi, Nearly optimal stability for Serrin's problem and the soap bubble theorem, preprint, arXiv: 1903.04823.
[20]	F. Pacella and G. Tralli, Overdetermined problems and constant mean curvature surfaces in cones, preprint, arXiv: 1802.03197.
[21]	L. E. Payne and P. W. Schaefer, Duality theorems in some overdetermined boundary value problems, Math. Methods Appl. Sci., 11 (1989), 805-819. doi: 10.1002/mma.1670110606.
[22]	G. Poggesi, The Soap Bubble Theorem and Serrin's problem: quantitative symmetry, Ph.D thesis, Università di Firenze, arXiv: 1902.08584, 2019.
[23]	C. Pucci and A. Colesanti, A symmetry result for the p-laplacian equation via the moving planes method, Applicable Analysis, 55 (1994), 207-213. doi: 10.1080/00036819408840300.
[24]	P. Pucci and J. Serrin, The maximum principle, volume 73 of Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and their Applications, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2007.
[25]	R. C. Reilly, Mean curvature, the laplacian, and soap bubbles, The American Mathematical Monthly, 89 (1982), 180-198. doi: 10.2307/2320201.
[26]	J. Serrin, A symmetry problem in potential theory, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 43 (1971), 304-318. doi: 10.1007/BF00250468.
[27]	R. P. Sperb, Maximum Principles and Their Applications, Elsevier, 1981.
[28]	J. L. Vázquez, A strong maximum principle for some quasilinear elliptic equations, Appl. Math. Optim., 12 (1984), 191-202. doi: 10.1007/BF01449041.
[29]	H. F. Weinberger, Remark on the preceding paper of Serrin, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 43 (1971), 319-320. doi: 10.1007/BF00250469.

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References:

[1]	A. Aftalion, J. Busca and W. Reichel, Approximate radial symmetry for overdetermined boundary value problems, Adv. Differential Equations, 4 (1999), 907-932.
[2]	A. D. Alexandrov, A characteristic property of spheres, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., 58 (1962), 303-315. doi: 10.1007/BF02413056.
[3]	C. Bianchini and G. Ciraolo, Wulff shape characterizations in overdetermined anisotropic elliptic problems, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 43 (2018), 790-820. doi: 10.1080/03605302.2018.1475488.
[4]	B. Brandolini, C. Nitsch, P. Salani and C. Trombetti, On the stability of the Serrin problem, J. Differential Equations, 245 (2008), 1566-1583. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2008.06.010.
[5]	F. Brock, Symmetry for a general class of overdetermined elliptic problems, Nonlinear Differential Equations and Applications NoDEA, (2016) 23: 36. doi: 10.1007/s00030-016-0390-1.
[6]	F. Brock and A. Henrot, A symmetry result for an overdetermined elliptic problem using continuous rearrangement and domain derivative, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo, 51 (2002), 375-390. doi: 10.1007/BF02871848.
[7]	G. Ciraolo and F. Maggi, On the shape of compact hypersurfaces with almost-constant mean curvature, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 70 (2017), 665-716. doi: 10.1002/cpa.21683.
[8]	G. Ciraolo, R. Magnanini and V. Vespri, Hölder stability for Serrin's overdetermined problem, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., 195 (2016), 1333-1345. doi: 10.1007/s10231-015-0518-7.
[9]	G. Ciraolo and A. Roncoroni, Serrin's type overdetermined problems in convex cones, preprint, arXiv: 1806.08553.
[10]	G. Ciraolo and L. Vezzoni, A sharp quantitative version of Alexandrov's theorem via the method of moving planes, J. Eur. Math. Soc., 20 (2018), 261-299. doi: 10.4171/JEMS/766.
[11]	L. Damascelli and F. Pacella, Monotonicity and symmetry results for $p$-Laplace equations and applications, Adv. Differential Equations, 5 (2000), 1179-1200.
[12]	A. Farina and B. Kawohl, Remarks on an overdetermined boundary value problem, Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations, 31 (2008), 351-357. doi: 10.1007/s00526-007-0115-8.
[13]	I. Fragalà, F. Gazzola and B. Kawohl, Overdetermined problems with possibly degenerate ellipticity, a geometric approach, Mathematische Zeitschrift, 254 (2006), 117-132. doi: 10.1007/s00209-006-0937-7.
[14]	N. Garofalo and J. L. Lewis, A symmetry result related to some overdetermined boundary value problems, American Journal of Mathematics, 111 (1989), 9-33. doi: 10.2307/2374477.
[15]	B. Kawohl, Symmetrization–or how to prove symmetry of solutions to a pde, Partial differential equations (Praha, 1998), 406 (1999), 214-229.
[16]	G. M. Lieberman, Boundary regularity for solutions of degenerate elliptic equations, Nonlinear Anal., 12 (1988), 1203-1219. doi: 10.1016/0362-546X(88)90053-3.
[17]	R. Magnanini and G. Poggesi, On the stability for Alexandrov's soap bubble theorem, to appear in J. Anal. Math, (2016).
[18]	R. Magnanini and G. Poggesi, Serrin's problem and Alexandrov's soap bubble theorem: enhanced stability via integral identities, preprint, arXiv: 1708.07392.
[19]	R. Magnanini and G. Poggesi, Nearly optimal stability for Serrin's problem and the soap bubble theorem, preprint, arXiv: 1903.04823.
[20]	F. Pacella and G. Tralli, Overdetermined problems and constant mean curvature surfaces in cones, preprint, arXiv: 1802.03197.
[21]	L. E. Payne and P. W. Schaefer, Duality theorems in some overdetermined boundary value problems, Math. Methods Appl. Sci., 11 (1989), 805-819. doi: 10.1002/mma.1670110606.
[22]	G. Poggesi, The Soap Bubble Theorem and Serrin's problem: quantitative symmetry, Ph.D thesis, Università di Firenze, arXiv: 1902.08584, 2019.
[23]	C. Pucci and A. Colesanti, A symmetry result for the p-laplacian equation via the moving planes method, Applicable Analysis, 55 (1994), 207-213. doi: 10.1080/00036819408840300.
[24]	P. Pucci and J. Serrin, The maximum principle, volume 73 of Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and their Applications, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2007.
[25]	R. C. Reilly, Mean curvature, the laplacian, and soap bubbles, The American Mathematical Monthly, 89 (1982), 180-198. doi: 10.2307/2320201.
[26]	J. Serrin, A symmetry problem in potential theory, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 43 (1971), 304-318. doi: 10.1007/BF00250468.
[27]	R. P. Sperb, Maximum Principles and Their Applications, Elsevier, 1981.
[28]	J. L. Vázquez, A strong maximum principle for some quasilinear elliptic equations, Appl. Math. Optim., 12 (1984), 191-202. doi: 10.1007/BF01449041.
[29]	H. F. Weinberger, Remark on the preceding paper of Serrin, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 43 (1971), 319-320. doi: 10.1007/BF00250469.

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