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February
2020, 19(2): 1147-1179.
doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2020054
Boundary value problems for harmonic functions on domains in Sierpinski gaskets
| 1. | Department of Mathematics, Cornell Univerisity, Ithaca 14853, USA |
| 2. | Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China |
We study boundary value problems for harmonic functions on certain domains in the level-$ l $ Sierpinski gaskets $ \mathcal{SG}_l $($ l\geq 2 $) whose boundaries are Cantor sets. We give explicit analogues of the Poisson integral formula to recover harmonic functions from their boundary values. Three types of domains, the left half domain of $ \mathcal{SG}_l $ and the upper and lower domains generated by horizontal cuts of $ \mathcal{SG}_l $ are considered at present. We characterize harmonic functions of finite energy and obtain their energy estimates in terms of their boundary values. This paper settles several open problems raised in previous work.
Keywords:
Boundary value problems,
harmonic functions,
fractal Laplacians,
Sierpinski gasket,
energy estimates.
Mathematics Subject Classification:
Primary: 28A80; Secondary: 35J25.
Citation:
Shiping Cao, Hua Qiu. Boundary value problems for harmonic functions on domains in Sierpinski gaskets. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis,
2020, 19
(2)
: 1147-1179.
doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2020054
![]()
References:
| [1] |
Z. Guo, R. Kogan, H. Qiu and R. S. Strichartz,
Boundary value problems for a family of domains in the Sierpinski gasket, Illinois J. Math., 58 (2014), 497-519.
|
| [2] |
M. Hino and T. Kumagai,
A trace theorem for Dirichlet forms on fractals, J. Funct. Anal., 238 (2006), 578-611.
doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2006.05.012. |
| [3] |
A. Jonsson,
A trace theorem for the Dirichlet forms on the Sierpinski gasket, Math. Z., 250 (2005), 599-609.
doi: 10.1007/s00209-005-0767-z. |
| [4] |
J. Kigami,
A harmonic calculus on the Sierpinski spaces, Japan. J. Appl. Math., 6 (1989), 259-290.
doi: 10.1007/BF03167882. |
| [5] |
J. Kigami,
Harmonic calculus on p.c.f. self-similar sets, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 335 (1993), 721-755.
doi: 10.2307/2154402. |
| [6] |
J. Kigami, Analysis on Fractals, Cambridge University Press, 2001.
doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511470943. |
| [7] |
J. Kigami,
Dirichlet forms and associated heat kernels on the Cantor set induced by random walks on trees, Adv. Math., 225 (2010), 2674-2730.
doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2010.04.029. |
| [8] |
J. Kigami, Resistance forms, quasisymmetric maps and heat kernel estimates, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc., 216 (2012).
doi: 10.1090/S0065-9266-2011-00632-5. |
| [9] |
P. H. Li, N. Ryder, R. S. Strichartz and B. E. Ugurcan,
Extensions and their minimizations on the Sierpinski gasket, Potential Anal., 41 (2014), 1167-1201.
doi: 10.1007/s11118-014-9415-8. |
| [10] |
W. Li and R. S. Strichartz,
Boundary value problems on a half Sierpinski gasket, J. Fractal Geom., 1 (2014), 1-43.
doi: 10.4171/JFG/1. |
| [11] |
J. Owen and R. S. Strichartz,
Boundary value problems for harmonic functions on a domain in the Sierpinski gasket, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 61 (2012), 319-335.
doi: 10.1512/iumj.2012.61.4539. |
| [12] |
H. Qiu,
Exact spectrum of the Laplacian on a domain in the Sierpinski gasket, J. Funct. Anal., 277 (2019), 806-888.
doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2018.08.018. |
| [13] |
R. S. Strichartz,
Some properties of Laplacians on fractals, J. Funct. Anal., 164 (1999), 181-208.
doi: 10.1006/jfan.1999.3400. |
| [14] |
R. S. Strichartz,
Function spaces on fractals, J. Funct. Anal., 198 (2003), 43-83.
doi: 10.1016/S0022-1236(02)00035-6. |
| [15] |
R. S. Strichartz, Differential Equations on Fractals: A Tutorial, Princeton University Press, 2006. |
| [16] |
R.S. Strichartz,
"Graph paper" trace characterizations of functions of finite energy, J. Anal. Math., 128 (2016), 239-260.
doi: 10.1007/s11854-016-0008-x. |
show all references
References:
| [1] |
Z. Guo, R. Kogan, H. Qiu and R. S. Strichartz,
Boundary value problems for a family of domains in the Sierpinski gasket, Illinois J. Math., 58 (2014), 497-519.
|
| [2] |
M. Hino and T. Kumagai,
A trace theorem for Dirichlet forms on fractals, J. Funct. Anal., 238 (2006), 578-611.
doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2006.05.012. |
| [3] |
A. Jonsson,
A trace theorem for the Dirichlet forms on the Sierpinski gasket, Math. Z., 250 (2005), 599-609.
doi: 10.1007/s00209-005-0767-z. |
| [4] |
J. Kigami,
A harmonic calculus on the Sierpinski spaces, Japan. J. Appl. Math., 6 (1989), 259-290.
doi: 10.1007/BF03167882. |
| [5] |
J. Kigami,
Harmonic calculus on p.c.f. self-similar sets, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 335 (1993), 721-755.
doi: 10.2307/2154402. |
| [6] |
J. Kigami, Analysis on Fractals, Cambridge University Press, 2001.
doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511470943. |
| [7] |
J. Kigami,
Dirichlet forms and associated heat kernels on the Cantor set induced by random walks on trees, Adv. Math., 225 (2010), 2674-2730.
doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2010.04.029. |
| [8] |
J. Kigami, Resistance forms, quasisymmetric maps and heat kernel estimates, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc., 216 (2012).
doi: 10.1090/S0065-9266-2011-00632-5. |
| [9] |
P. H. Li, N. Ryder, R. S. Strichartz and B. E. Ugurcan,
Extensions and their minimizations on the Sierpinski gasket, Potential Anal., 41 (2014), 1167-1201.
doi: 10.1007/s11118-014-9415-8. |
| [10] |
W. Li and R. S. Strichartz,
Boundary value problems on a half Sierpinski gasket, J. Fractal Geom., 1 (2014), 1-43.
doi: 10.4171/JFG/1. |
| [11] |
J. Owen and R. S. Strichartz,
Boundary value problems for harmonic functions on a domain in the Sierpinski gasket, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 61 (2012), 319-335.
doi: 10.1512/iumj.2012.61.4539. |
| [12] |
H. Qiu,
Exact spectrum of the Laplacian on a domain in the Sierpinski gasket, J. Funct. Anal., 277 (2019), 806-888.
doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2018.08.018. |
| [13] |
R. S. Strichartz,
Some properties of Laplacians on fractals, J. Funct. Anal., 164 (1999), 181-208.
doi: 10.1006/jfan.1999.3400. |
| [14] |
R. S. Strichartz,
Function spaces on fractals, J. Funct. Anal., 198 (2003), 43-83.
doi: 10.1016/S0022-1236(02)00035-6. |
| [15] |
R. S. Strichartz, Differential Equations on Fractals: A Tutorial, Princeton University Press, 2006. |
| [16] |
R.S. Strichartz,
"Graph paper" trace characterizations of functions of finite energy, J. Anal. Math., 128 (2016), 239-260.
doi: 10.1007/s11854-016-0008-x. |
Figure 4.
Harmonic extension algorithm of $ \mathcal{SG}_3 $
Figure 6.
Simple sets $ O_1,O_2 $
Figure 8.
The upper domain
Figure 10.
The upper domain $ \Omega_{0.39} $ . The shaded regions are $ F^\lambda_5\Omega_{\lambda_1} $ , $ F^\lambda_{54}\Omega_{\lambda_2} $ , $ F^\lambda_{543}\Omega_{\lambda_3} $
Figure 13.
The relationship between $ \Omega_\lambda^- $ and $ \Omega_{S\lambda}^- $ . $ e_1(\lambda) = 0 $ in the left one and $ e_1(\lambda) = 1 $ in the right one
Figure 16.
The half domain of $ \mathcal{SG}_4 $
Figure 17.
The vertices on a half $ \mathcal{SG} $
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