On the Cauchy problem of 3D nonhomogeneous incompressible nematic liquid crystal flows with vacuum

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November 2020, 19(11): 5219-5238. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2020234

On the Cauchy problem of 3D nonhomogeneous incompressible nematic liquid crystal flows with vacuum

Yang Liu ^1, and Xin Zhong ^2,,

1.	College of Mathematics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
2.	School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

^* Corresponding author

Received March 2020 Revised June 2020 Published November 2020 Early access September 2020

Fund Project: Yang Liu is supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2018M642202) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11901288). Xin Zhong is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11901474)

This paper deals with the Cauchy problem of three-dimensional (3D) nonhomogeneous incompressible nematic liquid crystal flows. The global well-posedness of strong solutions with large velocity is established provided that $ \|\rho_0\|_{L^\infty}+\|\nabla d_0\|_{L^3} $ is suitably small. In particular, the initial density may contain vacuum states and even have compact support. Furthermore, the large time behavior of the solution is also obtained.

Keywords: Nonhomogeneous incompressible nematic liquid crystal flows, global strong solution, vacuum.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35D35, 35Q35; Secondary: 76A15; 76D03.

Citation: Yang Liu, Xin Zhong. On the Cauchy problem of 3D nonhomogeneous incompressible nematic liquid crystal flows with vacuum. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis, 2020, 19 (11) : 5219-5238. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2020234

References:

[1]	S. Ding, J. Huang and F. Xia, Global existence of strong solutions for incompressible hydrodynamic flow of liquid crystals with vacuum, Filomat, 27 (2013), 1247-1257. doi: 10.2298/FIL1307247D.
[2]	J. Ericksen, Hydrostatic theory of liquid crystals, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 9 (1962), 371-378. doi: 10.1007/BF00253358.
[3]	M. Hong, Global existence of solutions of the simplified Ericksen-Leslie system in dimension two, Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ., 40 (2011), 15-36. doi: 10.1007/s00526-010-0331-5.
[4]	M. Hong and Y. Mei, Well-posedness of the Ericksen-Leslie system with the Oseen-Frank energy in $L^3_uloc(\mathbb{R}^3)$, Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ., 58 (2019), . doi: 10.1007/s00526-018-1453-4.
[5]	M. Hong and Z. Xin, Global existence of solutions of the liquid crystal flow for the Oseen-Frank model in $\Bbb R^2$, Adv. Math., 231 (2012), 1364-1400. doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2012.06.009.
[6]	F. Leslie, Some constitutive equations for liquid crystals, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 28 (1968), 265-283. doi: 10.1007/BF00251810.
[7]	J. Li, Global strong and weak solutions to inhomogeneous nematic liquid crystal flow in two dimensions, Nonlinear Anal., 99 (2014), 80-94. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2013.12.023.
[8]	J. Li, Global strong solutions to the inhomogeneous incompressible nematic liquid crystal flow, Methods Appl. Anal., 22 (2015), 201-220. doi: 10.4310/MAA.2015.v22.n2.a4.
[9]	J. Li, Local existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations with nonnegative density, J. Differ. Equ., 263 (2017), 6512-6536. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2017.07.021.
[10]	X. Li, Global strong solution for the incompressible flow of liquid crystals with vacuum in dimension two, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 37 (2017), 4907-4922. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2017211.
[11]	L. Li, Q. Liu and and X. Zhong, Global strong solution to the two-dimensional density-dependent nematic liquid crystal flows with vacuum, Nonlinearity, 30 (2017), 4062-4088. doi: 10.1088/1361-6544/aa8426.
[12]	F. Lin, J. Lin and and C. Wang, Liquid crystal flow in two dimensions, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 197 (2010), 297-336. doi: 10.1007/s00205-009-0278-x.
[13]	F. Lin and C. Wang, On the uniqueness of heat flow of harmonic maps and hydrodynamic flow of nematic liquid crystals, Chin. Ann. Math. Ser. B, 31 (2010), 921-938. doi: 10.1007/s11401-010-0612-5.
[14]	F. Lin and C. Wang, Global existence of weak solutions of the nematic liquid crystal flow in dimensions three, Commun. Pure Appl. Math., 69 (2016), 1532-1571. doi: 10.1002/cpa.21583.
[15]	P. L. Lions, Mathematical topics in fluid mechanics, Vol. I: incompressible models, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996.
[16]	Q. Liu, S. Liu, W. Tan and X. Zhong, Global well-posedness of the 2D nonhomogeneous incompressible nematic liquid crystal flows, J. Differ. Equ., 261 (2016), 6521-6569. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2016.08.044.
[17]	Q. Liu, C. Wang, X. Zhang and J. Zhou, On optimal boundary control of Ericksen-Leslie system in dimension two, Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ, 59 (2020), 64pp. doi: 10.1007/s00526-019-1676-z.
[18]	S. Liu and J. Zhang, Global well-posedness for the two-dimensional equations of nonhomogeneous incompressible liquid crystal flows with nonnegative density, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 21 (2016), 2631-2648. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2016065.
[19]	B. Lü, X. Shi and and X. Zhong, Global existence and large time asymptotic behavior of strong solutions to the Cauchy problem of 2D density-dependent Navier-Stokes equations with vacuum, Nonlinearity, 31 (2018), 2617-2632. doi: 10.1088/1361-6544/aab31f.
[20]	L. Nirenberg, On elliptic partial differential equations, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, 13 (1959), 115-162.
[21]	R. Temam, Navier-Stokes equations: theory and numerical analysis, Chelsea Publishing, Providence, RI, 2001. Reprint of the 1984 edition. doi: 10.1090/chel/343.
[22]	H. Wen and S. Ding, Solutions of incompressible hydrodynamic flow of liquid crystals, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 12 (2011), 1510-1531. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2010.10.010.
[23]	H. Yu and P. Zhang, Global regularity to the 3D incompressible nematic liquid crystal flows with vacuum, Nonlinear Anal., 174 (2018), 209-222. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2018.04.022.
[24]	X. Zhong, A note on a global strong solution to the 2D Cauchy problem of density-dependent nematic liquid crystal flows with vacuum, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris, 356 (2018), 503-508. doi: 10.1016/j.crma.2018.04.011.

show all references

References:

[1]	S. Ding, J. Huang and F. Xia, Global existence of strong solutions for incompressible hydrodynamic flow of liquid crystals with vacuum, Filomat, 27 (2013), 1247-1257. doi: 10.2298/FIL1307247D.
[2]	J. Ericksen, Hydrostatic theory of liquid crystals, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 9 (1962), 371-378. doi: 10.1007/BF00253358.
[3]	M. Hong, Global existence of solutions of the simplified Ericksen-Leslie system in dimension two, Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ., 40 (2011), 15-36. doi: 10.1007/s00526-010-0331-5.
[4]	M. Hong and Y. Mei, Well-posedness of the Ericksen-Leslie system with the Oseen-Frank energy in $L^3_uloc(\mathbb{R}^3)$, Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ., 58 (2019), . doi: 10.1007/s00526-018-1453-4.
[5]	M. Hong and Z. Xin, Global existence of solutions of the liquid crystal flow for the Oseen-Frank model in $\Bbb R^2$, Adv. Math., 231 (2012), 1364-1400. doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2012.06.009.
[6]	F. Leslie, Some constitutive equations for liquid crystals, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 28 (1968), 265-283. doi: 10.1007/BF00251810.
[7]	J. Li, Global strong and weak solutions to inhomogeneous nematic liquid crystal flow in two dimensions, Nonlinear Anal., 99 (2014), 80-94. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2013.12.023.
[8]	J. Li, Global strong solutions to the inhomogeneous incompressible nematic liquid crystal flow, Methods Appl. Anal., 22 (2015), 201-220. doi: 10.4310/MAA.2015.v22.n2.a4.
[9]	J. Li, Local existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations with nonnegative density, J. Differ. Equ., 263 (2017), 6512-6536. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2017.07.021.
[10]	X. Li, Global strong solution for the incompressible flow of liquid crystals with vacuum in dimension two, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 37 (2017), 4907-4922. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2017211.
[11]	L. Li, Q. Liu and and X. Zhong, Global strong solution to the two-dimensional density-dependent nematic liquid crystal flows with vacuum, Nonlinearity, 30 (2017), 4062-4088. doi: 10.1088/1361-6544/aa8426.
[12]	F. Lin, J. Lin and and C. Wang, Liquid crystal flow in two dimensions, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 197 (2010), 297-336. doi: 10.1007/s00205-009-0278-x.
[13]	F. Lin and C. Wang, On the uniqueness of heat flow of harmonic maps and hydrodynamic flow of nematic liquid crystals, Chin. Ann. Math. Ser. B, 31 (2010), 921-938. doi: 10.1007/s11401-010-0612-5.
[14]	F. Lin and C. Wang, Global existence of weak solutions of the nematic liquid crystal flow in dimensions three, Commun. Pure Appl. Math., 69 (2016), 1532-1571. doi: 10.1002/cpa.21583.
[15]	P. L. Lions, Mathematical topics in fluid mechanics, Vol. I: incompressible models, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996.
[16]	Q. Liu, S. Liu, W. Tan and X. Zhong, Global well-posedness of the 2D nonhomogeneous incompressible nematic liquid crystal flows, J. Differ. Equ., 261 (2016), 6521-6569. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2016.08.044.
[17]	Q. Liu, C. Wang, X. Zhang and J. Zhou, On optimal boundary control of Ericksen-Leslie system in dimension two, Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ, 59 (2020), 64pp. doi: 10.1007/s00526-019-1676-z.
[18]	S. Liu and J. Zhang, Global well-posedness for the two-dimensional equations of nonhomogeneous incompressible liquid crystal flows with nonnegative density, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 21 (2016), 2631-2648. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2016065.
[19]	B. Lü, X. Shi and and X. Zhong, Global existence and large time asymptotic behavior of strong solutions to the Cauchy problem of 2D density-dependent Navier-Stokes equations with vacuum, Nonlinearity, 31 (2018), 2617-2632. doi: 10.1088/1361-6544/aab31f.
[20]	L. Nirenberg, On elliptic partial differential equations, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, 13 (1959), 115-162.
[21]	R. Temam, Navier-Stokes equations: theory and numerical analysis, Chelsea Publishing, Providence, RI, 2001. Reprint of the 1984 edition. doi: 10.1090/chel/343.
[22]	H. Wen and S. Ding, Solutions of incompressible hydrodynamic flow of liquid crystals, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 12 (2011), 1510-1531. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2010.10.010.
[23]	H. Yu and P. Zhang, Global regularity to the 3D incompressible nematic liquid crystal flows with vacuum, Nonlinear Anal., 174 (2018), 209-222. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2018.04.022.
[24]	X. Zhong, A note on a global strong solution to the 2D Cauchy problem of density-dependent nematic liquid crystal flows with vacuum, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris, 356 (2018), 503-508. doi: 10.1016/j.crma.2018.04.011.

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