A multiparameter fractional Laplace problem with semipositone nonlinearity

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December 2021, 20(12): 4043-4061. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2021143

A multiparameter fractional Laplace problem with semipositone nonlinearity

R. Dhanya ^1, and Sweta Tiwari ^2,,

1.	Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
2.	Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India

^* Corresponding author

Received February 2021 Revised June 2021 Published December 2021 Early access August 2021

Fund Project: R. Dhanya was supported by INSPIRE faculty fellowship (DST/INSPIRE/04/2015/003221) when the work was being carried out

In this paper we prove the existence of at least one positive solution for nonlocal semipositone problem of the type

$ (P_\lambda^\mu)\left\{ \begin{array}{rcl} (-\Delta)^s u& = & \lambda(u^{q}-1)+\mu u^r \text{ in } \Omega\\ u&>&0 \text{ in } \Omega\\ u&\equiv &0 \text{ on }{\mathbb R^N\setminus\Omega}. \end{array}\right. $

when the positive parameters

$ \lambda $

and

$ \mu $

belong to certain range. Here

$ \Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^N $

is assumed to be a bounded open set with smooth boundary,

$ s\in (0, 1), N> 2s $

and

$ 0<q<1<r\leq \frac{N+2s}{N- 2s}. $

First we consider

$ (P_ \lambda^\mu) $

when

$ \mu = 0 $

and prove that there exists

$ \lambda_0\in(0, \infty) $

such that for all

$ \lambda> \lambda_0 $

the problem

$ (P_ \lambda^0) $

admits at least one positive solution. In fact we will show the existence of a continuous branch of maximal solutions of

$ (P_\lambda^0) $

emanating from infinity. Next for each

$ \lambda>\lambda_0 $

and for all

$ 0<\mu<\mu_{\lambda} $

we establish the existence of at least one positive solution of

$ (P_\lambda^\mu) $

using variational method. Also in the sub critical case, i.e., for

$ 1<r<\frac{N+2s}{N-2s} $

, we show the existence of second positive solution via mountain pass argument.

Keywords: Non-local problem, fractional laplacian, semipositone problem, indefinite nonlinearities, critical exponent.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35A15, 35B33, 35R11; Secondary: 35J20.

Citation: R. Dhanya, Sweta Tiwari. A multiparameter fractional Laplace problem with semipositone nonlinearity. Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis, 2021, 20 (12) : 4043-4061. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2021143

References:

[1]	A. Ambrosetti and P. H. Rabinowitz, Dual variational methods in critical point theory and applications, J. Funct. Anal., 14 (1973), 349-381. doi: 10.1016/0022-1236(73)90051-7.
[2]	H. Berestycki, L. A. Caffarelli and L. Nirenberg, Monotonicity for elliptic equations in unbounded Lipschitz domains, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 50 (1997), 1089-1111. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0312(199711)50:11<1089::AID-CPA2>3.0.CO;2-6.
[3]	G. M. Bisci, V. D. Rǎdulescu and R. Servadei, Variational Methods for Nonlocal Fractional Problems: Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2016. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781316282397.
[4]	G. M. Bisci and R. Servadei, A bifurcation result for non-local fractional equations, Anal. Appl. (Singap.), 13 (2015), 371-394. doi: 10.1142/S0219530514500067.
[5]	G. M. Bisci and R. Servadei, Lower semicontinuity of functionals of fractional type and applications to nonlocal equations with critical Sobolev exponent, Adv. Differ. Equ., 20 (2015), 635-660.
[6]	H. Brézis and E. Lieb, A relation between pointwise convergence of functions and convergence of functionals, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 88 (1983), 486-490. doi: 10.2307/2044999.
[7]	C. Bucur and E. Valdinoci, Nonlocal diffusion and applications, Lecture Notes of the Unione Matematica Italiana, 20. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28739-3.
[8]	A. Castro and R. Shivaji, Nonnegative solutions for a class of nonpositone problems, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A, 108 (1988), 291-302. doi: 10.1017/S0308210500014670.
[9]	David G. Costa, Humberto Ramos Quoirin and Jianfu Yang, On a variational approach to existence and multiplicity results for semipositone problems, Electronic J. Differ. Equ., 2006 (2006), 1-10.
[10]	David G. Costa, Humberto Ramos Quoirin and Hossein Tehrani, A Variational approach to superliner semipositone elliptic problems, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 145 (2017), 2661-2675. doi: 10.1090/proc/13426.
[11]	R. Dhanya, Positive solution curves of an infinite semipositone problem, Electron. J. Differ. Equ., 2018 (2018), 1-14.
[12]	R. Dhanya, Q. Morris and R. Shivaji, Existence of positive radial solutions for superlinear, semipositone problems on the exterior of a ball, J Math. Anal. Appl., 434 (2016), 1533-1548. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2015.07.016.
[13]	A. Fiscella, R. Servadei and E. Valdinoci, Density properties for fractional Sobolev spaces, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Math., 40 (2015), 235-253. doi: 10.5186/aasfm.2015.4009.
[14]	Francesca Faraci and Csaba Farkas, A quasilinear elliptic problem involving critical Sobolev exponent, Collect. Math., 66 (2015), 243-259. doi: 10.1007/s13348-014-0125-8.
[15]	G. Franzina and G. Palatucci, Fractional $p$-eigenvalues, Riv. Math. Univ. Parma (N.S.), 5 (2014), 373–386.
[16]	Jacques J. Giacomoni, Tuhina Mukherjee and Konijeti Sreenadh, Existence of three positive solutions for a nonlocal singular Dirichlet boundary problem, Adv. Nonlinear Stud., 19 (2019), 333-352. doi: 10.1515/ans-2018-0011.
[17]	Tommaso Leonori, Ireneo Peral, Ana Primo and Fernando Soria, Basic estimates for solutions of a class of nonlocal elliptic and parabolic equations, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 35 (2015), 6031-6068. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2015.35.6031.
[18]	P. L. Lions, On the existence of positive solutions of semilinear elliptic equations, Siam Review, 24 (1982), 441-467. doi: 10.1137/1024101.
[19]	J. Mawhin and M. Bisci, A Brezis-Nirenberg type result for a nonlocal fractional operator, J. London Math. Soc., 95, (2017), 73–93. doi: 10.1112/jlms.12009.
[20]	Quinn Morris, Ratnasingham Shivaji and Inbo Sim, Existence of positive radial solutions for a superlinear semipo sitone p-Laplacian problem on the exterior of a ball, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A: Mathematics, 148 (2018), 409-428. doi: 10.1017/S0308210517000452.
[21]	Eleonora Di Nezza, Giampiero Palatucci and Enrico Valdinoci, Hitchhiker's guide to the fractional Sobolev spaces, Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, 136 (2012), 521-573. doi: 10.1016/j.bulsci.2011.12.004.
[22]	K. Perera, R. Shivaji and I. Sim, A class of semipositone p-Laplacian problems with a critical growth reaction term, Adv. Nonlinear Anal., 9 (2020), 516-525. doi: 10.1515/anona-2020-0012.
[23]	K. Perera and R. Shivaji, Positive solutions of multiparameter semipositone $p$-Laplacian problems, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 338 (2008), 1397-1400. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.05.085.
[24]	Xavier Ros-Oton, Nonlocal elliptic equations in bounded domains: a survey, Publ. Mat., 60 (2016), 3-26.
[25]	Xavier Ros-Oton and Joaquim Serra, The Dirichlet problem for the fractional Laplacian: regularity up to the boundary, J. Math. Pures Appl., 101 (2014), 275-302. doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2013.06.003.
[26]	M. Squassina, Two solutions for inhomogeneous nonlinear elliptic equations at critical growth, Nonlinear Differ. Equ. Appl., 11 (2004), 53-71. doi: 10.1007/s00030-003-1046-5.

show all references

References:

[1]	A. Ambrosetti and P. H. Rabinowitz, Dual variational methods in critical point theory and applications, J. Funct. Anal., 14 (1973), 349-381. doi: 10.1016/0022-1236(73)90051-7.
[2]	H. Berestycki, L. A. Caffarelli and L. Nirenberg, Monotonicity for elliptic equations in unbounded Lipschitz domains, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 50 (1997), 1089-1111. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0312(199711)50:11<1089::AID-CPA2>3.0.CO;2-6.
[3]	G. M. Bisci, V. D. Rǎdulescu and R. Servadei, Variational Methods for Nonlocal Fractional Problems: Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2016. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781316282397.
[4]	G. M. Bisci and R. Servadei, A bifurcation result for non-local fractional equations, Anal. Appl. (Singap.), 13 (2015), 371-394. doi: 10.1142/S0219530514500067.
[5]	G. M. Bisci and R. Servadei, Lower semicontinuity of functionals of fractional type and applications to nonlocal equations with critical Sobolev exponent, Adv. Differ. Equ., 20 (2015), 635-660.
[6]	H. Brézis and E. Lieb, A relation between pointwise convergence of functions and convergence of functionals, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 88 (1983), 486-490. doi: 10.2307/2044999.
[7]	C. Bucur and E. Valdinoci, Nonlocal diffusion and applications, Lecture Notes of the Unione Matematica Italiana, 20. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28739-3.
[8]	A. Castro and R. Shivaji, Nonnegative solutions for a class of nonpositone problems, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A, 108 (1988), 291-302. doi: 10.1017/S0308210500014670.
[9]	David G. Costa, Humberto Ramos Quoirin and Jianfu Yang, On a variational approach to existence and multiplicity results for semipositone problems, Electronic J. Differ. Equ., 2006 (2006), 1-10.
[10]	David G. Costa, Humberto Ramos Quoirin and Hossein Tehrani, A Variational approach to superliner semipositone elliptic problems, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 145 (2017), 2661-2675. doi: 10.1090/proc/13426.
[11]	R. Dhanya, Positive solution curves of an infinite semipositone problem, Electron. J. Differ. Equ., 2018 (2018), 1-14.
[12]	R. Dhanya, Q. Morris and R. Shivaji, Existence of positive radial solutions for superlinear, semipositone problems on the exterior of a ball, J Math. Anal. Appl., 434 (2016), 1533-1548. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2015.07.016.
[13]	A. Fiscella, R. Servadei and E. Valdinoci, Density properties for fractional Sobolev spaces, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Math., 40 (2015), 235-253. doi: 10.5186/aasfm.2015.4009.
[14]	Francesca Faraci and Csaba Farkas, A quasilinear elliptic problem involving critical Sobolev exponent, Collect. Math., 66 (2015), 243-259. doi: 10.1007/s13348-014-0125-8.
[15]	G. Franzina and G. Palatucci, Fractional $p$-eigenvalues, Riv. Math. Univ. Parma (N.S.), 5 (2014), 373–386.
[16]	Jacques J. Giacomoni, Tuhina Mukherjee and Konijeti Sreenadh, Existence of three positive solutions for a nonlocal singular Dirichlet boundary problem, Adv. Nonlinear Stud., 19 (2019), 333-352. doi: 10.1515/ans-2018-0011.
[17]	Tommaso Leonori, Ireneo Peral, Ana Primo and Fernando Soria, Basic estimates for solutions of a class of nonlocal elliptic and parabolic equations, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 35 (2015), 6031-6068. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2015.35.6031.
[18]	P. L. Lions, On the existence of positive solutions of semilinear elliptic equations, Siam Review, 24 (1982), 441-467. doi: 10.1137/1024101.
[19]	J. Mawhin and M. Bisci, A Brezis-Nirenberg type result for a nonlocal fractional operator, J. London Math. Soc., 95, (2017), 73–93. doi: 10.1112/jlms.12009.
[20]	Quinn Morris, Ratnasingham Shivaji and Inbo Sim, Existence of positive radial solutions for a superlinear semipo sitone p-Laplacian problem on the exterior of a ball, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A: Mathematics, 148 (2018), 409-428. doi: 10.1017/S0308210517000452.
[21]	Eleonora Di Nezza, Giampiero Palatucci and Enrico Valdinoci, Hitchhiker's guide to the fractional Sobolev spaces, Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, 136 (2012), 521-573. doi: 10.1016/j.bulsci.2011.12.004.
[22]	K. Perera, R. Shivaji and I. Sim, A class of semipositone p-Laplacian problems with a critical growth reaction term, Adv. Nonlinear Anal., 9 (2020), 516-525. doi: 10.1515/anona-2020-0012.
[23]	K. Perera and R. Shivaji, Positive solutions of multiparameter semipositone $p$-Laplacian problems, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 338 (2008), 1397-1400. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.05.085.
[24]	Xavier Ros-Oton, Nonlocal elliptic equations in bounded domains: a survey, Publ. Mat., 60 (2016), 3-26.
[25]	Xavier Ros-Oton and Joaquim Serra, The Dirichlet problem for the fractional Laplacian: regularity up to the boundary, J. Math. Pures Appl., 101 (2014), 275-302. doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2013.06.003.
[26]	M. Squassina, Two solutions for inhomogeneous nonlinear elliptic equations at critical growth, Nonlinear Differ. Equ. Appl., 11 (2004), 53-71. doi: 10.1007/s00030-003-1046-5.

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