Using the variational method, we study the existence and multiplicity of periodic solutions to nonlinear Dirac-Klein-Gordon systems with two types of nonlinearities. Both the Dirac field and the Klein–Gordon field considered here are general nonlinear fields, different from previously considered models. Moreover, results for the regularity of the solutions are given. In addition, we obtain the soliton-like solution of Dirac-Klein-Gordon systems by approximation of periodic solutions.
| Citation: |
| [1] |
T. Q. An and Z- Q Wang, Periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems with anisotropic growth, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal., 9 (2010), 1069-1082.
doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2010.9.1069.
|
| [2] |
T. Bartsch and Y. H. Ding, Deformation theorems on non-metrizable vector spaces and applications to critical point theory, Math. Nachr., 279 (2006), 1267-1288.
doi: 10.1002/mana.200410420.
|
| [3] |
T. Bartsch and Y. H. Ding, Solutions of nonlinear Dirac equations, J. Differ. Equ., 226 (2006), 210-249.
doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2005.08.014.
|
| [4] |
T. Bartsch and M. Willem, Periodic solutions of nonautonomous Hamiltonian systems with symmetries, J. Reine Angew. Math., 451 (1994), 149-159.
|
| [5] |
H. Brézis, Periodic solutions of nonlinear vibrating strings and duality principles, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.), 8 (1983), 409-426.
doi: 10.1090/S0273-0979-1983-15105-4.
|
| [6] |
Y. Ding, Q. Guo and Y. Yu, Existence of semiclassical solutions for some critical Dirac equation, J. Math. Phys., 62 (2021), 011501, 22 pp.
doi: 10.1063/5.0024707.
|
| [7] |
Y. H. Ding, Variational Methods for Strongly Indefinite Problems, volume 7 of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, 2007.
doi: 10.1142/9789812709639.
|
| [8] |
Y. H. Ding, Semi-classical ground states concentrating on the nonlinear potential for a dirac equation, J. Differ. Equ., 249 (2010), 1015-1034.
doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2010.03.022.
|
| [9] |
Y. H. Ding and X. J. Dong, Infinitely many solutions of Dirac equations with concave and convex nonlinearities, Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 72 (2021), 17 pp.
doi: 10.1007/s00033-021-01472-3.
|
| [10] |
Y. H. Ding, Q. Guo and B. Ruf, Stationary states of Dirac-Klein-Gordon systems with nonlinear interacting terms, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 53 (2021), 5731-5755.
doi: 10.1137/21M1395028.
|
| [11] |
Y. H. Ding and X. Y. Liu, Semi-classical limits of ground states of a nonlinear dirac equation, J. Differ. Equ., 252 (2012), 4962-4987.
doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2012.01.023.
|
| [12] |
Y. H. Ding and X. Y. Liu, Periodic waves of nonlinear Dirac equations, Nonlinear Anal., 109 (2014), 252-267.
doi: 10.1016/j.na.2014.06.015.
|
| [13] |
Y. H. Ding and X. Y. Liu, Periodic solutions of a Dirac equation with concave and convex nonlinearities, J. Differ. Equ., 258 (2015), 3567-3588.
doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2015.01.013.
|
| [14] |
Y. H. Ding and X. Y. Liu, Periodic solutions of an asymptotically linear Dirac equation, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., 196 (2017), 717-735.
doi: 10.1007/s10231-016-0592-5.
|
| [15] |
Y. H. Ding and X. Y. Liu, Periodic solutions of superlinear Dirac equations with perturbations from symmetry, J. Math. Phys., 59 (2018), 011504, 17 pp.
doi: 10.1063/1.5021688.
|
| [16] |
Y. H. Ding and B. Ruf, Solutions of a nonlinear Dirac equation with external fields, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 190 (2008), 57-82.
doi: 10.1007/s00205-008-0163-z.
|
| [17] |
Yanheng Ding and Bernhard Ruf, Existence and concentration of semiclassical solutions for Dirac equations with critical nonlinearities, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 44 (2012), 3755-3785.
doi: 10.1137/110850670.
|
| [18] |
Y. H. Ding and J. C. Wei, Stationary states of nonlinear Dirac equations with general potentials, Rev. Math. Phys., 20 (2008), 1007-1032.
doi: 10.1142/S0129055X0800350X.
|
| [19] |
Y. H. Ding and T. Xu, On the concentration of semi-classical states for a nonlinear dirac–klein–gordon system, J. Differ. Equ., 256 (2014), 1264-1294.
doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2013.10.017.
|
| [20] |
J. M. do Ó and B. Ruf, On a Schrödinger equation with periodic potential and critical growth in $\mathbb{R}^2 $, Nonlinear Differ. Equ. Appl., 2 (2006), 167-192.
doi: 10.1007/s00030-005-0034-3.
|
| [21] |
W. Kryszewski and A. Szulkin, Generalized linking theorem with an application to a semilinear schrödinger equation, Adv. Differ. Equ., 3 (1998), 441-472.
|
| [22] |
A. Pankov, Periodic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with application to photonic crystals, Milan J. Math., 73 (2005), 259-287.
doi: 10.1007/s00032-005-0047-8.
|
| [23] |
A. A. Pankov and K. Pflüger, On a semilinear Schrödinger equation with periodic potential, Nonlinear Anal., 33 (1998), 593-609.
doi: 10.1016/S0362-546X(97)00689-5.
|
| [24] |
K. Tanaka, Homoclinic orbits in a first order superquadratic Hamiltonian system: convergence of subharmonic orbits, J. Differ. Equ., 94 (1991), 315-339.
doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(91)90095-Q.
|
| [25] |
M. Timoumi, Multiple periodic solutions for some classes of first-order Hamiltonian systems, Appl. Math. (Irvine), 2 (2011), 846-853.
doi: 10.4236/am.2011.27114.
|
| [26] |
F. K. Zhao and Y. H. Ding, Infinitely many solutions for a class of nonlinear Dirac equations without symmetry, Nonlinear Anal., 70 (2009), 921-935.
doi: 10.1016/j.na.2008.01.022.
|