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On the fractal dimension of invariant sets: Applications to Navier-Stokes equations
A semigroup $S_t$ of continuous operators in a Hilbert space
$H$ is considered. It is shown that the fractal dimension
of a compact strictly invariant set
$X$ ($X\subset H, S_tX=X$)
admits the same estimate as the Hausdorff dimension, namely,
both are bounded from above by the Lyapunov dimension
calculated in terms of the
global Lyapunov exponents. Applications of the results so obtained
to the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are given.