# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

November  2011, 30(4): 1055-1081. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2011.30.1055

## On the location of a peak point of a least energy solution for Hénon equation

 1 Department of Mathematics & PMI, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784 2 Department of Mathematics Education, Gwangju National University of Education, 93 Pilmunlo Bugku, Gwangju 500-703 3 Department of Mathematics, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784

Received  May 2010 Revised  February 2011 Published  May 2011

Let $\Omega$ be a smooth bounded domain. We are concerned about the following nonlinear elliptic problem:

$\Delta u + |x|^{\alpha}u^{p} = 0, \ u > 0 \quad$ in $\Omega$,
$\ u = 0 \quad$ on $\partial \Omega$,

where $\alpha > 0, p \in (1,\frac{n+2}{n-2}).$ In this paper, we show that for $n \ge 8$, a maximum point $x_{\alpha }$ of a least energy solution of above problem converges to a point $x_0 \in \partial^$*$\Omega$ satisfying $H(x_0) = \min_$$\w \in \partial ^* \Omega$$H( w )$ as $\alpha \to \infty,$ where $H$ is the mean curvature on $\partial \Omega$ and $\partial ^$*$\Omega \equiv \{ x \in \partial \Omega : |x| \ge |y|$ for any $y \in \Omega \}.$
Citation: Jaeyoung Byeon, Sungwon Cho, Junsang Park. On the location of a peak point of a least energy solution for Hénon equation. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2011, 30 (4) : 1055-1081. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2011.30.1055
##### References:
 [1] T. Aubin, "Some Nonlinear Problems In Riemannian Geometry,", Springer Monographs in Mathematics, (1998). Google Scholar [2] Adimurthi, G. Mancini and S. L. Yadava, The role of the mean curvature in semilinear Neumann problem involving critical exponent,, Comm. in Partial Differential Equations, 20 (1995), 591. Google Scholar [3] J. Byeon, Effect of symmetry to the structure of positive solutions in nonlinear elliptic equations,, J. Differential Equations, 163 (2000), 429. Google Scholar [4] J. Byeon, Effect of symmetry to the structure of positive solutions in nonlinear elliptic equations, II,, J. Differential Equations, 173 (2001), 321. Google Scholar [5] J. Byeon, Singularly perturbed nonlinear Neumann problems with a general nonlinearity,, J. Differential Equations, 244 (2008), 2473. Google Scholar [6] J. Byeon and J. Park, Singularly perturbed nonlinear elliptic problems on manifolds,, Calc. Var. and Partial Differential Equations, 24 (2005), 459. Google Scholar [7] J. Byeon and Z. Q. Wang, On the Hénon equation: Asymptotic profile of ground states,, Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Anal. Non Lineaire, 23 (2006), 803. doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2006.04.001. Google Scholar [8] J. Byeon and Z. Q. Wang, On the Hénon equation: Asymptotic profile of ground states II,, J. Differential Equations, 216 (2005), 78. Google Scholar [9] D. Cao and S. Peng, The asymptotic behaviour of the ground state solutions for Hénon equation,, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 278 (2003), 1. doi: 10.1016/S0022-247X(02)00292-5. Google Scholar [10] D. Cao, S. Peng and S. Yan, Asymptotic behaviour of ground state solutions for the Hénon equation,, IMA J. Appl. Math., 74 (2009), 468. doi: 10.1093/imamat/hxn035. Google Scholar [11] M. Gazzini and E. Serra, The Neumann problem for the Hénon equation, trace inequalities and Steklov eigenvalues,, Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Anal. Non Lineaire, 25 (2008), 281. doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2006.09.003. Google Scholar [12] G. Chen, W. M. Ni and J. Zhou, Algorithms and visualization for solutions of nonlinear ellptic equations,, Inter. Jour. Bifur. Chaos, 10 (2000), 1565. doi: 10.1142/S0218127400001006. Google Scholar [13] M. del Pino and P. L. Felmer, Spike-layered solutions of singularly perturbed elliptic problems in a degenerate setting,, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 48 (1999), 883. doi: 10.1512/iumj.1999.48.1596. Google Scholar [14] G. F. D. Duff, Partial differential equations,, in, (1956). Google Scholar [15] P. Esposito, A. Pistoia and J. Wei, Concentrating solutions for the Hénon equation in $\mathbb R^2$,, J. Anal. Math., 100 (2006), 249. doi: 10.1007/BF02916763. Google Scholar [16] B. Gidas, W. N. Ni and L. Nirenberg, Symmetry and related properties via the maximum principle,, Comm. Math. Phys., 68 (1979), 209. doi: 10.1007/BF01221125. Google Scholar [17] D. Gilbarg and N. S. Trudinger, "Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order,", 2nd edition, (1983). Google Scholar [18] M. Gruter and K. Widman, The Green function for uniformly elliptic equations,, Manuscripta Math., 37 (1982), 303. doi: 10.1007/BF01166225. Google Scholar [19] N. Hirano, Existence of positive solutions for the Hénon equation involving critical Sobolev terms,, J. Differential Equations, 247 (2009), 1311. Google Scholar [20] M. Hénon, Numerical experiments on the spherical stellar systems,, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 24 (1973), 229. Google Scholar [21] B. Kawohl, "Rearrangements and Convexity of Level Sets in PDE,", Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1150 (1985). Google Scholar [22] Y. Y. Li and L. Nirenberg, The Dirichlet problem for singularly perturbed elliptic equations,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 51 (1998), 1445. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0312(199811/12)51:11/12<1445::AID-CPA9>3.0.CO;2-Z. Google Scholar [23] W. M. Ni, A nonlinear Dirichlet problem on the unit ball and its applications,, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 31(6) (1982), 801. doi: 10.1512/iumj.1982.31.31056. Google Scholar [24] W. M. Ni and I. Takagi, On the shape of least-energy solutions to a semilinear Neumann problem,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 44 (1991), 819. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160440705. Google Scholar [25] W. M. Ni and I. Takagi, Locating the peaks of least-energy solutions to a semilinear Neumann problem,, Duke Math. J., 70 (1993), 247. doi: 10.1215/S0012-7094-93-07004-4. Google Scholar [26] W. M. Ni, X. B. Pan and I. Takagi, Singular behavior of least-energy solutions of a semilinear Neumann problem involving critical Sobolev exponents,, Duke Math. J., 67 (1992), 1. doi: 10.1215/S0012-7094-92-06701-9. Google Scholar [27] W. M. Ni and J. Wei, On the location and profile of spike-layer solutions to singularly perturbed semilinear Dirichlet problems,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 48 (1995), 731. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160480704. Google Scholar [28] A. Pistoia and E. Serra, Multi-peak solutions for the Hénon equation with slightly subcritical growth,, Math. Z., 256 (2007), 75. doi: 10.1007/s00209-006-0060-9. Google Scholar [29] S. Pohožaev, Eigenfunctions of the equation $\Delta u + \lambda f(u) = 0.$,, Soviet Math. Dokl., 6 (1965), 1408. Google Scholar [30] M. H. Protter and H. F. Weinberger, "Maximum Principles in Differential Equations,", Springer-Verlag, (1984). Google Scholar [31] O. Rey, Boundary effect for an elliptic Neumann problem with critical nonlinearity,, Comm. in Partial Differential Equations, 22 (1997), 1055. Google Scholar [32] S. Secchi and E. Serra, Symmetry breaking results for problems with exponential growth in the unit disk,, Commun. Contemp. Math., 8 (2006), 823. doi: 10.1142/S0219199706002295. Google Scholar [33] E. Serra, Non radial positive solutions for the Hénon equation with critical growth,, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 23 (2005), 301. Google Scholar [34] M. Struwe, "Variational Methods; Application to Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations and Hamiltonian Systems,", Springer-Verlag, (1990). Google Scholar [35] D. Smets, J. Su and M. Willem, Nonradial ground states for the Hénon equation,, Communications in Contemporary Mathematics, 4 (2002), 467. doi: 10.1142/S0219199702000725. Google Scholar [36] N. Varopoulos, Potential theory and diffusion on Riemannian manifolds, conference on harmonic analysis in honor of Antoni Zygmund,, Wadsworth Math. Ser., (1983), 821. Google Scholar [37] J. Wei and S. Yan, Arbitrary many boundary peak solutions for an elliptic Neumann problem with critical growth,, J. Math. Pures Appl., 88 (2007), 350. doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2007.07.001. Google Scholar

show all references

##### References:
 [1] T. Aubin, "Some Nonlinear Problems In Riemannian Geometry,", Springer Monographs in Mathematics, (1998). Google Scholar [2] Adimurthi, G. Mancini and S. L. Yadava, The role of the mean curvature in semilinear Neumann problem involving critical exponent,, Comm. in Partial Differential Equations, 20 (1995), 591. Google Scholar [3] J. Byeon, Effect of symmetry to the structure of positive solutions in nonlinear elliptic equations,, J. Differential Equations, 163 (2000), 429. Google Scholar [4] J. Byeon, Effect of symmetry to the structure of positive solutions in nonlinear elliptic equations, II,, J. Differential Equations, 173 (2001), 321. Google Scholar [5] J. Byeon, Singularly perturbed nonlinear Neumann problems with a general nonlinearity,, J. Differential Equations, 244 (2008), 2473. Google Scholar [6] J. Byeon and J. Park, Singularly perturbed nonlinear elliptic problems on manifolds,, Calc. Var. and Partial Differential Equations, 24 (2005), 459. Google Scholar [7] J. Byeon and Z. Q. Wang, On the Hénon equation: Asymptotic profile of ground states,, Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Anal. Non Lineaire, 23 (2006), 803. doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2006.04.001. Google Scholar [8] J. Byeon and Z. Q. Wang, On the Hénon equation: Asymptotic profile of ground states II,, J. Differential Equations, 216 (2005), 78. Google Scholar [9] D. Cao and S. Peng, The asymptotic behaviour of the ground state solutions for Hénon equation,, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 278 (2003), 1. doi: 10.1016/S0022-247X(02)00292-5. Google Scholar [10] D. Cao, S. Peng and S. Yan, Asymptotic behaviour of ground state solutions for the Hénon equation,, IMA J. Appl. Math., 74 (2009), 468. doi: 10.1093/imamat/hxn035. Google Scholar [11] M. Gazzini and E. Serra, The Neumann problem for the Hénon equation, trace inequalities and Steklov eigenvalues,, Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Anal. Non Lineaire, 25 (2008), 281. doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2006.09.003. Google Scholar [12] G. Chen, W. M. Ni and J. Zhou, Algorithms and visualization for solutions of nonlinear ellptic equations,, Inter. Jour. Bifur. Chaos, 10 (2000), 1565. doi: 10.1142/S0218127400001006. Google Scholar [13] M. del Pino and P. L. Felmer, Spike-layered solutions of singularly perturbed elliptic problems in a degenerate setting,, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 48 (1999), 883. doi: 10.1512/iumj.1999.48.1596. Google Scholar [14] G. F. D. Duff, Partial differential equations,, in, (1956). Google Scholar [15] P. Esposito, A. Pistoia and J. Wei, Concentrating solutions for the Hénon equation in $\mathbb R^2$,, J. Anal. Math., 100 (2006), 249. doi: 10.1007/BF02916763. Google Scholar [16] B. Gidas, W. N. Ni and L. Nirenberg, Symmetry and related properties via the maximum principle,, Comm. Math. Phys., 68 (1979), 209. doi: 10.1007/BF01221125. Google Scholar [17] D. Gilbarg and N. S. Trudinger, "Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order,", 2nd edition, (1983). Google Scholar [18] M. Gruter and K. Widman, The Green function for uniformly elliptic equations,, Manuscripta Math., 37 (1982), 303. doi: 10.1007/BF01166225. Google Scholar [19] N. Hirano, Existence of positive solutions for the Hénon equation involving critical Sobolev terms,, J. Differential Equations, 247 (2009), 1311. Google Scholar [20] M. Hénon, Numerical experiments on the spherical stellar systems,, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 24 (1973), 229. Google Scholar [21] B. Kawohl, "Rearrangements and Convexity of Level Sets in PDE,", Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1150 (1985). Google Scholar [22] Y. Y. Li and L. Nirenberg, The Dirichlet problem for singularly perturbed elliptic equations,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 51 (1998), 1445. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0312(199811/12)51:11/12<1445::AID-CPA9>3.0.CO;2-Z. Google Scholar [23] W. M. Ni, A nonlinear Dirichlet problem on the unit ball and its applications,, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 31(6) (1982), 801. doi: 10.1512/iumj.1982.31.31056. Google Scholar [24] W. M. Ni and I. Takagi, On the shape of least-energy solutions to a semilinear Neumann problem,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 44 (1991), 819. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160440705. Google Scholar [25] W. M. Ni and I. Takagi, Locating the peaks of least-energy solutions to a semilinear Neumann problem,, Duke Math. J., 70 (1993), 247. doi: 10.1215/S0012-7094-93-07004-4. Google Scholar [26] W. M. Ni, X. B. Pan and I. Takagi, Singular behavior of least-energy solutions of a semilinear Neumann problem involving critical Sobolev exponents,, Duke Math. J., 67 (1992), 1. doi: 10.1215/S0012-7094-92-06701-9. Google Scholar [27] W. M. Ni and J. Wei, On the location and profile of spike-layer solutions to singularly perturbed semilinear Dirichlet problems,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 48 (1995), 731. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160480704. Google Scholar [28] A. Pistoia and E. Serra, Multi-peak solutions for the Hénon equation with slightly subcritical growth,, Math. Z., 256 (2007), 75. doi: 10.1007/s00209-006-0060-9. Google Scholar [29] S. Pohožaev, Eigenfunctions of the equation $\Delta u + \lambda f(u) = 0.$,, Soviet Math. Dokl., 6 (1965), 1408. Google Scholar [30] M. H. Protter and H. F. Weinberger, "Maximum Principles in Differential Equations,", Springer-Verlag, (1984). Google Scholar [31] O. Rey, Boundary effect for an elliptic Neumann problem with critical nonlinearity,, Comm. in Partial Differential Equations, 22 (1997), 1055. Google Scholar [32] S. Secchi and E. Serra, Symmetry breaking results for problems with exponential growth in the unit disk,, Commun. Contemp. Math., 8 (2006), 823. doi: 10.1142/S0219199706002295. Google Scholar [33] E. Serra, Non radial positive solutions for the Hénon equation with critical growth,, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 23 (2005), 301. Google Scholar [34] M. Struwe, "Variational Methods; Application to Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations and Hamiltonian Systems,", Springer-Verlag, (1990). Google Scholar [35] D. Smets, J. Su and M. Willem, Nonradial ground states for the Hénon equation,, Communications in Contemporary Mathematics, 4 (2002), 467. doi: 10.1142/S0219199702000725. Google Scholar [36] N. Varopoulos, Potential theory and diffusion on Riemannian manifolds, conference on harmonic analysis in honor of Antoni Zygmund,, Wadsworth Math. Ser., (1983), 821. Google Scholar [37] J. Wei and S. Yan, Arbitrary many boundary peak solutions for an elliptic Neumann problem with critical growth,, J. Math. Pures Appl., 88 (2007), 350. doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2007.07.001. Google Scholar
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