# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

March  2011, 31(1): 35-64. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2011.31.35

## Non-trivial non-negative periodic solutions of a system of doubly degenerate parabolic equations with nonlocal terms

 1 Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell' Informazione, Università di Siena, Via Roma 56, 53100, Siena 3 Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università di Siena, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy

Received  February 2010 Revised  September 2010 Published  June 2011

The aim of the paper is to provide conditions ensuring the existence of non-trivial non-negative periodic solutions to a system of doubly degenerate parabolic equations containing delayed nonlocal terms and satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions. The employed approach is based on the theory of the Leray-Schauder topological degree theory, thus a crucial purpose of the paper is to obtain a priori bounds in a convenient functional space, here $L^2(Q_T)$, on the solutions of certain homotopies. This is achieved under different assumptions on the sign of the kernels of the nonlocal terms. The considered system is a possible model of the interactions between two biological species sharing the same territory where such interactions are modeled by the kernels of the nonlocal terms. To this regard the obtained results can be viewed as coexistence results of the two biological populations under different intra and inter specific interferences on their natural growth rates.
Citation: Genni Fragnelli, Paolo Nistri, Duccio Papini. Non-trivial non-negative periodic solutions of a system of doubly degenerate parabolic equations with nonlocal terms. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2011, 31 (1) : 35-64. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2011.31.35
##### References:
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##### References:
 [1] G. A. Afrouzi and S. H. Rasouli, Population models involving the $p$-Laplacian with indefinite weight and constant yield harvesting,, Chaos Solitons Fractals, 31 (2007), 404. doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2005.09.067. Google Scholar [2] W. Allegretto and P. Nistri, Existence and optimal control for periodic parabolic equations with nonlocal terms,, IMA J. Math. Control Inform., 16 (1999), 43. doi: 10.1093/imamci/16.1.43. Google Scholar [3] P. Benilan and P. Wittbold, On mild and weak solutions of elliptic-parabolic problems,, Adv. Differential Equations, 1 (1996), 1053. Google Scholar [4] E. DiBenedetto, "Degenerate Parabolic Equations,'', Universitext, (1993). Google Scholar [5] G. Fragnelli, P. Nistri and D. Papini, Positive periodic solutions and optimal control for a distributed biological model of two interacting species,, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 12 (2011), 1410. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2010.10.002. Google Scholar [6] G. Fragnelli, Positive periodic solutions for a system of anisotropic parabolic equations,, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 367 (2010), 204. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2009.12.039. Google Scholar [7] E. Gurtin and R. C. MacCamy, On the diffusion of biological populations,, Math. Biosci., 33 (1977), 35. doi: 10.1016/0025-5564(77)90062-1. Google Scholar [8] E. Gurtin and R. C. MacCamy, Diffusion models for age-structured populations,, Math. Biosci., 54 (1981), 49. doi: 10.1016/0025-5564(81)90075-4. Google Scholar [9] R. Huang, Y. Wang and Y. Ke, Existence of non-trivial nonnegative periodic solutions for a class of degenerate parabolic equations with nonlocal terms,, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 5 (2005), 1005. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2005.5.1005. Google Scholar [10] A. V. Ivanov, Hölder estimates for equations of fast diffusion type,, St. Petersburg Math. J., 6 (1995), 791. Google Scholar [11] A. V. Ivanov, Hölder estimates for equations of slow and normal diffusion type,, J. Math. Sci. (New York), 85 (1997), 1640. doi: 10.1007/BF02355324. Google Scholar [12] B. Kawohl and P. Lindqvist, Positive eigenfunctions for the $p$-Laplace operator revisited,, Analysis (Munich), 26 (2006), 545. Google Scholar [13] O. Ladyženskaja, V. Solonnikov and N. Ural'ceva, "Linear and Quasilinear Equations of Parabolic Type,'', Translations of Mathematical Monographs, 23 (1967). Google Scholar [14] D. Li and X. Zhang, On a nonlocal aggregation model with nonlinear diffusion,, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 27 (2010), 301. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2010.27.301. Google Scholar [15] N. Mizoguchi, Periodic solutions for degenerate diffusion equations,, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 44 (1995), 413. doi: 10.1512/iumj.1995.44.1994. Google Scholar [16] M. Nakao, Periodic solutions of some nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations,, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 104 (1984), 554. doi: 10.1016/0022-247X(84)90020-9. Google Scholar [17] A. Okubo, "Diffusion and Ecological Problems: Mathematical Models,'', Ecology and Diffusion, 10 (1980). Google Scholar [18] S. Oruganti, J. Shi and R. Shivaji, Logistic equation with the $p$-Laplacian and constant yield harvesting,, Abstr. Appl. Anal., 2004 (): 723. doi: 10.1155/S1085337504311097. Google Scholar [19] M. M. Porzio and V. Vespri, Hölder estimates for local solution of some doubly nonlinear degenerate parabolic equation,, J. Differential Equations, 103 (1993), 146. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1993.1045. Google Scholar [20] R. E. Showalter, "Monotone Operators in Banach Space and Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations,'', Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, 49 (1997). Google Scholar [21] J. L. Vázquez, "The Porous Medium Equation. Mathematical Theory,'', Oxford Mathematical Monographs, (2007). Google Scholar [22] C. Wang, J. Yin and M. Wen, Periodic optimal control for a degenerate nonlinear diffusion equation,, Applied Mathematics and Information Science, 17 (2006), 364. doi: 10.1007/s10598-006-0030-4. Google Scholar [23] J. Wang and W. Gao, Existence of nontrivial nonnegative periodic solutions for a class of doubly degenerate parabolic equation with nonlocal terms,, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 331 (2007), 481. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.08.059. Google Scholar [24] Y. Wang, J. Yin and Z. Wu, Periodic solutions of porous medium equations with weakly nonlinear sources,, Northeast. Math. J., 16 (2000), 475. Google Scholar [25] Y. Wang, J. Yin and Z. Wu, Periodic solutions of evolution $p$-Laplacian equations with nonlinear sources,, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 219 (1998), 76. doi: 10.1006/jmaa.1997.5783. Google Scholar [26] Q. Zhou, Y. Ke, Y. Wang and J. Yin, Periodic $p$-Laplacian with nonlocal terms,, Nonlinear Anal., 66 (2007), 442. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2005.11.038. Google Scholar
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