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April  2012, 32(4): 1287-1307. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.1287

## Box dimension and bifurcations of one-dimensional discrete dynamical systems

 1 Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Unska 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Received  March 2010 Revised  September 2011 Published  October 2011

This paper is devoted to study the box dimension of the orbits of one-dimensional discrete dynamical systems and their bifurcations in nonhyperbolic fixed points. It is already known that there is a connection between some bifurcations in a nonhyperbolic fixed point of one-dimensional maps, and the box dimension of the orbits near that point. The main purpose of this paper is to generalize that result to the one-dimensional maps of class $C^{k}$ and apply it to one and two-parameter bifurcations of maps with the generalized nondegeneracy conditions. These results show that the value of the box dimension changes at the bifurcation point, and depends only on the order of the nondegeneracy condition. Furthermore, we obtain the reverse result, that is, the order of the nondegeneracy of a map in a nonhyperbolic fixed point can be obtained from the box dimension of a orbit near that point. This reverse result can be applied to the continuous planar dynamical systems by using the Poincaré map, in order to get the multiplicity of a weak focus or nonhyperbolic limit cycle. We also apply the main result to the bifurcations of nonhyperbolic periodic orbits in the plane.
Citation: Lana Horvat Dmitrović. Box dimension and bifurcations of one-dimensional discrete dynamical systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2012, 32 (4) : 1287-1307. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.1287
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##### References:
 [1] D. K. Arrowsmith and C. M. Place, "An Introduction to Dynamical Systems,", Cambridge University Press, (1990). Google Scholar [2] F. Balibrea and J. C. Valverde, Bifurcations under nondegenerated conditions of higher degree and a new simple proof of the Hopf-Neimark-Sacker bifurcation theorem,, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 237 (1999), 93. doi: 10.1006/jmaa.1999.6460. Google Scholar [3] F. Balibrea and J. C. Valverde, Cusp and generalized flip bifurcations under higher degree conditions,, Nonlinear Anal., 52 (2003), 405. doi: 10.1016/S0362-546X(01)00908-7. Google Scholar [4] N. Elezović, V. Županović and D. Žubrinić, Box dimension of trajectories of some discrete dynamical systems,, Chaos Solitons Fractals, 34 (2007), 244. doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2006.03.060. Google Scholar [5] K. Falconer, "Fractal Geometry: Mathematical Foundations and Applications,", John Wiley & Sons, (1990). Google Scholar [6] Y. A. Kuznetsov, "Elements of Applied Bifurcation Theory,", 2nd edition, 112 (1998). Google Scholar [7] M. L. Lapidus and C. Pomerance, The Riemann zeta-function and the one-dimensional Weyl-Berry conjecture for fractal drums,, Proc. London Math. Soc. (3), 66 (1993), 41. Google Scholar [8] P. Mattila, "Geometry of Sets and Measures in Euclidean Spaces. Fractals and Rectifiability,", Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, 44 (1995). Google Scholar [9] J. Palis and F. Takens, "Hyperbolicity and Sensitive Chaotic Dynamics at Homoclinic Bifurcations. Fractal Dimensions and Infinitely Many Attractors,", Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, 35 (1993). Google Scholar [10] M. Pašić, Minkowski-Bouligand dimension of solutions of the one-dimensional $p$-Laplacian,, J. Differential Equations, 190 (2003), 268. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0396(02)00149-3. Google Scholar [11] M. Pašić, D. Žubrinić and V. Županović, Oscillatory and phase dimensions of solutions of some second-order differential equations,, Bull. Sci. Math., 133 (2009), 859. Google Scholar [12] L. Perko, "Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems,", 2nd edition, 7 (1996). Google Scholar [13] C. Tricot, "Curves and Fractal Dimension,", With a foreword by Michel Mendès France, (1995). Google Scholar [14] S. Wiggins, "Introduction to Applied Non-linear Dynamical Systems and Chaos,", 2nd edition, 2 (2003). Google Scholar [15] D. Žubrinić, Analysis of Minkowski content of fractal sets and applications,, Real Anal. Exchange, 31 (): 315. Google Scholar [16] D. Žubrinić and V. Županović, Fractal dimension in dynamics,, in, (2006), 394. Google Scholar [17] D. Žubrinić and V. Županović, Poincaré map in fractal analysis of spiral trajectories of planar vector fields,, Bull. Belg. Math. Soc. Simon Stevin, 15 (2008), 947. Google Scholar [18] D. Žubrinić and V. Županović, Fractal analysis of spiral trajectories of some planar vector fields,, Bull. Sci. Math., 129 (2005), 457. Google Scholar [19] D. Žubrinić and V. Županović, Fractal analysis of spiral trajectories of some vector fields in $\mathbbR^3$,, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris, 342 (2006), 959. Google Scholar
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