Transition layers for a spatially inhomogeneous Allen-Cahn equation in multi-dimensional domains

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April 2012, 32(4): 1391-1420. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.1391

Transition layers for a spatially inhomogeneous Allen-Cahn equation in multi-dimensional domains

Fang Li ^1, and Kimie Nakashima ^2,

1.	Center for Partial Differential Equations, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
2.	Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477

Received October 2010 Revised August 2011 Published October 2011

Abstract
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In this paper, we study a spatially inhomogeneous Allen-Cahn equation in multi-dimensional domains. By upper and lower solution method, we obtain a sufficient condition for a hypersurface $S$ in the domain $\Omega$ to support stable transition layers, and a necessary condition for $S$ in $\Omega$ to support transition layers, not necessarily stable. In addition, sharp estimates on depths of transition layers have also been derived.

Keywords: transition layers, spatial inhomogeneity., Allen-Cahn equation.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35J25, 35B25; Secondary: 35B3.

Citation: Fang Li, Kimie Nakashima. Transition layers for a spatially inhomogeneous Allen-Cahn equation in multi-dimensional domains. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2012, 32 (4) : 1391-1420. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.1391

References:

[1]	P. Fife, "Dynamics of Internal Layers and Diffusive Interfaces," CBMS-NSF Regional Conference Series in Applied Mathematics, 53, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, PA, 1988.
[2]	P. Faĭf and U. Grinli, Interior transition layers for elliptic boundary value problems with a small parameter, Uspehi Mat. Nauk, 29 (1974), 103-131.
[3]	B. Gidas, W.-M. Ni and L. Nirenberg, Symmetry and related properties via the maximum principle, Comm. Math. Phys., 68 (1979), 209-243. doi: 10.1007/BF01221125.
[4]	B. Gidas, W.-M. Ni and L. Nirenberg, Symmetry of positive solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations in $R^n$, in "Mathematical Analysis and Applications, Part A," 369-402, Adv. in Math. Suppl. Stud., 7a, Academic Press, New York-London, 1981.
[5]	D. Gilbarg and N. S. Trudinger, "Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order," Reprint of the 1998 edition, Classics in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, 2001.
[6]	J. Hale and K. Sakamoto, Existence and stability of transition layers, Japan J. Appl. Math., 5 (1988), 367-405. doi: 10.1007/BF03167908.
[7]	R. V. Kohn and P. Sternberg, Local minimisers and singular perturbations, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A, 111 (1989), 69-84.
[8]	F. Li, K. Nakashima and W.-M. Ni, Stability from the point of view of diffusion, relaxation and spatial inhomogeneity, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 20 (2008), 259-274.
[9]	A. Malchiodi, W.-M. Ni and J. Wei, Boundary-clustered interfaces for the Allen-Cahn equation, Pacific J. Math., 229 (2007), 447-468. doi: 10.2140/pjm.2007.229.447.
[10]	H. Matano, Asymptotic behavior and stability of solutions of semilinear diffusion equations, Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci., 15 (1979), 401-454. doi: 10.2977/prims/1195188180.
[11]	H. Matano, Existence of nontrivial unstable sets for equilibriums of strongly order-preserving systems, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo Sect. IA Math., 30 (1984), 645-673.
[12]	K. Nakashima, Stable transition layers in a balanced bistable equation, Diff. Integral Eqns., 13 (2000), 1025-1038.
[13]	K. Nakashima, Multi-layered stationary solutions for a spatially inhomogeneous Allen-Cahn equation, J. Diff. Eqns., 191 (2003), 234-276. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0396(02)00181-X.
[14]	A. S. do Nascimento, Local minimizers induced by spatial inhomogeneity with inner transition layer, J. Diff. Eqns., 133 (1997), 203-223. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1996.3206.
[15]	N. N. Nefedov and K. Sakamoto, Multi-dimensional stationary internal layers for spatially inhomogeneous reaction-diffusion equations with balanced nonlinearity, Hiroshima Math. J., 33 (2003), 391-432.
[16]	M. del Pino, M. Kowalczyk and J. Wei, Resonance and interior layers in an inhomogeneous phase transition model, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 38 (2006/07), 1542-1564. doi: 10.1137/060649574.
[17]	K. Sakamoto, Construction and stability analysis of transition layer solutions in reaction-diffusion systems, Tohoku Math. J. (2), 42 (1990), 17-44. doi: 10.2748/tmj/1178227692.
[18]	D. H. Sattinger, Monotone methods in nonlinear elliptic and parabolic boundary value problems, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 21 (1971/72), 979-1000. doi: 10.1512/iumj.1972.21.21079.

show all references

References:

[1]	P. Fife, "Dynamics of Internal Layers and Diffusive Interfaces," CBMS-NSF Regional Conference Series in Applied Mathematics, 53, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, PA, 1988.
[2]	P. Faĭf and U. Grinli, Interior transition layers for elliptic boundary value problems with a small parameter, Uspehi Mat. Nauk, 29 (1974), 103-131.
[3]	B. Gidas, W.-M. Ni and L. Nirenberg, Symmetry and related properties via the maximum principle, Comm. Math. Phys., 68 (1979), 209-243. doi: 10.1007/BF01221125.
[4]	B. Gidas, W.-M. Ni and L. Nirenberg, Symmetry of positive solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations in $R^n$, in "Mathematical Analysis and Applications, Part A," 369-402, Adv. in Math. Suppl. Stud., 7a, Academic Press, New York-London, 1981.
[5]	D. Gilbarg and N. S. Trudinger, "Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order," Reprint of the 1998 edition, Classics in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, 2001.
[6]	J. Hale and K. Sakamoto, Existence and stability of transition layers, Japan J. Appl. Math., 5 (1988), 367-405. doi: 10.1007/BF03167908.
[7]	R. V. Kohn and P. Sternberg, Local minimisers and singular perturbations, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A, 111 (1989), 69-84.
[8]	F. Li, K. Nakashima and W.-M. Ni, Stability from the point of view of diffusion, relaxation and spatial inhomogeneity, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 20 (2008), 259-274.
[9]	A. Malchiodi, W.-M. Ni and J. Wei, Boundary-clustered interfaces for the Allen-Cahn equation, Pacific J. Math., 229 (2007), 447-468. doi: 10.2140/pjm.2007.229.447.
[10]	H. Matano, Asymptotic behavior and stability of solutions of semilinear diffusion equations, Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci., 15 (1979), 401-454. doi: 10.2977/prims/1195188180.
[11]	H. Matano, Existence of nontrivial unstable sets for equilibriums of strongly order-preserving systems, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo Sect. IA Math., 30 (1984), 645-673.
[12]	K. Nakashima, Stable transition layers in a balanced bistable equation, Diff. Integral Eqns., 13 (2000), 1025-1038.
[13]	K. Nakashima, Multi-layered stationary solutions for a spatially inhomogeneous Allen-Cahn equation, J. Diff. Eqns., 191 (2003), 234-276. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0396(02)00181-X.
[14]	A. S. do Nascimento, Local minimizers induced by spatial inhomogeneity with inner transition layer, J. Diff. Eqns., 133 (1997), 203-223. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1996.3206.
[15]	N. N. Nefedov and K. Sakamoto, Multi-dimensional stationary internal layers for spatially inhomogeneous reaction-diffusion equations with balanced nonlinearity, Hiroshima Math. J., 33 (2003), 391-432.
[16]	M. del Pino, M. Kowalczyk and J. Wei, Resonance and interior layers in an inhomogeneous phase transition model, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 38 (2006/07), 1542-1564. doi: 10.1137/060649574.
[17]	K. Sakamoto, Construction and stability analysis of transition layer solutions in reaction-diffusion systems, Tohoku Math. J. (2), 42 (1990), 17-44. doi: 10.2748/tmj/1178227692.
[18]	D. H. Sattinger, Monotone methods in nonlinear elliptic and parabolic boundary value problems, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 21 (1971/72), 979-1000. doi: 10.1512/iumj.1972.21.21079.

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