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May  2013, 33(5): 1741-1771. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.1741

Persistence of Hölder continuity for non-local integro-differential equations

Kyudong Choi 1,

1. 

Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C1200, Austin, TX 78712, United States

Received  December 2011 Revised  April 2012 Published  December 2012

In this paper, we consider non-local integro-differential equations under certain natural assumptions on the kernel, and obtain persistence of Hölder continuity for their solutions. In other words, we prove that a solution stays in $C^\beta$ for all time if its initial data lies in $C^\beta$. This result has an application for a fully non-linear problem, which is used in the field of image processing. In addition, we show Hölder regularity for solutions of drift diffusion equations with supercritical fractional diffusion under the assumption $b\in L^\infty C^{1-\alpha}$ on the divergent-free drift velocity. The proof is in the spirit of [23] where Kiselev and Nazarov established Hölder continuity of the critical surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG) equation.
Keywords: nonlinear partial differential equations, super-critical fractional diffusion., Image processing, nonlocal operators, drift diffusion equations, integro-differential equations.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35B45, 45G05, 47G2.
Citation: Kyudong Choi. Persistence of Hölder continuity for non-local integro-differential equations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2013, 33 (5) : 1741-1771. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.1741
References:
[1]

Martin T. Barlow, Richard F. Bass, Zhen-Qing Chen and Moritz Kassmann, Non-local Dirichlet forms and symmetric jump processes,, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 361 (2009), 1963.  doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-08-04544-3.  Google Scholar

[2]

Richard F. Bass and David A. Levin, Transition probabilities for symmetric jump processes,, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 354 (2002), 2933.  doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-02-02998-7.  Google Scholar

[3]

P. Benilan and H. Brezis, Solutions faibles d'équations d'évolution dans les espaces de Hilbert,, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble), 22 (1972), 311.   Google Scholar

[4]

Luis Caffarelli, Chi Hin Chan and Alexis Vasseur, Regularity theory for parabolic nonlinear integral operators,, J. Amer. Math. Soc., 24 (2011), 849.  doi: 10.1090/S0894-0347-2011-00698-X.  Google Scholar

[5]

Luis Caffarelli and Alessio Figalli, Regularity of solutions to the parabolic fractional obstacle problem,, preprint, ().   Google Scholar

[6]

Luis Caffarelli and Luis Silvestre, Regularity theory for fully nonlinear integro-differential equations,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 62 (2009), 597.  doi: 10.1002/cpa.20274.  Google Scholar

[7]

Luis A. Caffarelli and Alexis Vasseur, Drift diffusion equations with fractional diffusion and the quasi-geostrophic equation,, Ann. of Math. (2), 171 (2010), 1903.  doi: 10.4007/annals.2010.171.1903.  Google Scholar

[8]

Dongho Chae, Peter Constantin and Jiahong Wu, Inviscid models generalizing the two-dimensional Euler and the surface quasi-geostrophic equations,, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 202 (2011), 35.  doi: 10.1007/s00205-011-0411-5.  Google Scholar

[9]

Zhen-Qing Chen, Panki Kim and Takashi Kumagai, Global heat kernel estimates for symmetric jump processes,, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 363 (2011), 5021.  doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-2011-05408-5.  Google Scholar

[10]

Peter Constantin, Gautam Iyer and Jiahong Wu, Global regularity for a modified critical dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation,, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 57 (2008), 2681.  doi: 10.1512/iumj.2008.57.3629.  Google Scholar

[11]

Peter Constantin and Vlad Vicol, Nonlinear maximum principles for dissipative linear nonlocal operators and applications,, Geom. Funct. Anal., 22 (2012), 1289.  doi: 10.1007/s00039-012-0172-9.  Google Scholar

[12]

Peter Constantin and Jiahong Wu, Regularity of Hölder continuous solutions of the supercritical quasi-geostrophic equation,, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 25 (2008), 1103.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2007.10.001.  Google Scholar

[13]

Peter Constantin and Jiahong Wu, Hölder continuity of solutions of supercritical dissipative hydrodynamic transport equations,, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 26 (2009), 159.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2007.10.002.  Google Scholar

[14]

Antonio Córdoba and Diego Córdoba, A maximum principle applied to quasi-geostrophic equations,, Comm. Math. Phys., 249 (2004), 511.  doi: 10.1007/s00220-004-1055-1.  Google Scholar

[15]

Michael Dabkowski, Eventual regularity of the solutions to the supercritical dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation,, Geom. Funct. Anal., 21 (2011), 1.  doi: 10.1007/s00039-011-0108-9.  Google Scholar

[16]

Hongjie Dong and Nataša Pavlović, Regularity criteria for the dissipative quasi-geostrophic equations in Hölder spaces,, Comm. Math. Phys., 290 (2009), 801.  doi: 10.1007/s00220-009-0756-x.  Google Scholar

[17]

Bartlomiej Dyda and Moritz Kassmann, Comparability and regularity estimates for symmetric nonlocal dirichlet forms,, preprint, ().   Google Scholar

[18]

Susan Friedlander and Vlad Vicol, Global well-posedness for an advection-diffusion equation arising in magneto-geostrophic dynamics,, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 28 (2011), 283.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2011.01.002.  Google Scholar

[19]

Giambattista Giacomin, Joel L. Lebowitz and Errico Presutti, Deterministic and stochastic hydrodynamic equations arising from simple microscopic model systems,, in, 64 (1999), 107.   Google Scholar

[20]

Guy Gilboa and Stanley Osher, Nonlocal operators with applications to image processing,, Multiscale Model. Simul., 7 (2008), 1005.  doi: 10.1137/070698592.  Google Scholar

[21]

Niels Jacob, Alexander Potrykus and Jiang-Lun Wu, Solving a non-linear stochastic pseudo-differential equation of Burgers type,, Stochastic Process. Appl., 120 (2010), 2447.  doi: 10.1016/j.spa.2010.08.007.  Google Scholar

[22]

Moritz Kassmann, A priori estimates for integro-differential operators with measurable kernels,, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 34 (2009), 1.  doi: 10.1007/s00526-008-0173-6.  Google Scholar

[23]

A. Kiselev and F. Nazarov, A variation on a theme of Caffarelli and Vasseur,, Zap. Nauchn. Sem. S.-Peterburg. Otdel. Mat. Inst. Steklov. (POMI), 370 (2010), 58.  doi: 10.1007/s10958-010-9842-z.  Google Scholar

[24]

A. Kiselev, F. Nazarov and A. Volberg, Global well-posedness for the critical 2D dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation,, Invent. Math., 167 (2007), 445.  doi: 10.1007/s00222-006-0020-3.  Google Scholar

[25]

Takashi Komatsu, Continuity estimates for solutions of parabolic equations associated with jump type Dirichlet forms,, Osaka J. Math., 25 (1988), 697.   Google Scholar

[26]

Takashi Komatsu, Uniform estimates for fundamental solutions associated with non-local Dirichlet forms,, Osaka J. Math., 32 (1995), 833.   Google Scholar

[27]

Hitoshi Kumano-go, "Pseudodifferential Operators,", MIT Press, (1981).   Google Scholar

[28]

Yifei Lou, Xiaoqun Zhang, Stanley Osher and Andrea Bertozzi, Image recovery via nonlocal operators,, J. Sci. Comput., 42 (2010), 185.  doi: 10.1007/s10915-009-9320-2.  Google Scholar

[29]

Changxing Miao and Liutang Xue, On the regularity of a class of generalized quasi-geostrophic equations,, J. Differential Equations, 251 (2011), 2789.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2011.04.018.  Google Scholar

[30]

Russell W. Schwab, Periodic homogenization for nonlinear integro-differential equations,, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 42 (2010), 2652.  doi: 10.1137/080737897.  Google Scholar

[31]

Luis Silvestre, Hölder estimates for solutions of integro-differential equations like the fractional Laplace,, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 55 (2006), 1155.  doi: 10.1512/iumj.2006.55.2706.  Google Scholar

[32]

Luis Silvestre, Regularity of the obstacle problem for a fractional power of the Laplace operator,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 60 (2007), 67.  doi: 10.1002/cpa.20153.  Google Scholar

[33]

Luis Silvestre, Hölder estimates for advection fractional-diffusion equations,, preprint, ().   Google Scholar

[34]

Luis Silvestre, On the differentiability of the solution to an equation with drift and fractional diffusion,, preprint, ().   Google Scholar

[35]

Elias M. Stein, "Harmonic Analysis,", Princeton University Press, (1993).   Google Scholar

show all references

References:
[1]

Martin T. Barlow, Richard F. Bass, Zhen-Qing Chen and Moritz Kassmann, Non-local Dirichlet forms and symmetric jump processes,, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 361 (2009), 1963.  doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-08-04544-3.  Google Scholar

[2]

Richard F. Bass and David A. Levin, Transition probabilities for symmetric jump processes,, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 354 (2002), 2933.  doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-02-02998-7.  Google Scholar

[3]

P. Benilan and H. Brezis, Solutions faibles d'équations d'évolution dans les espaces de Hilbert,, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble), 22 (1972), 311.   Google Scholar

[4]

Luis Caffarelli, Chi Hin Chan and Alexis Vasseur, Regularity theory for parabolic nonlinear integral operators,, J. Amer. Math. Soc., 24 (2011), 849.  doi: 10.1090/S0894-0347-2011-00698-X.  Google Scholar

[5]

Luis Caffarelli and Alessio Figalli, Regularity of solutions to the parabolic fractional obstacle problem,, preprint, ().   Google Scholar

[6]

Luis Caffarelli and Luis Silvestre, Regularity theory for fully nonlinear integro-differential equations,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 62 (2009), 597.  doi: 10.1002/cpa.20274.  Google Scholar

[7]

Luis A. Caffarelli and Alexis Vasseur, Drift diffusion equations with fractional diffusion and the quasi-geostrophic equation,, Ann. of Math. (2), 171 (2010), 1903.  doi: 10.4007/annals.2010.171.1903.  Google Scholar

[8]

Dongho Chae, Peter Constantin and Jiahong Wu, Inviscid models generalizing the two-dimensional Euler and the surface quasi-geostrophic equations,, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 202 (2011), 35.  doi: 10.1007/s00205-011-0411-5.  Google Scholar

[9]

Zhen-Qing Chen, Panki Kim and Takashi Kumagai, Global heat kernel estimates for symmetric jump processes,, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 363 (2011), 5021.  doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-2011-05408-5.  Google Scholar

[10]

Peter Constantin, Gautam Iyer and Jiahong Wu, Global regularity for a modified critical dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation,, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 57 (2008), 2681.  doi: 10.1512/iumj.2008.57.3629.  Google Scholar

[11]

Peter Constantin and Vlad Vicol, Nonlinear maximum principles for dissipative linear nonlocal operators and applications,, Geom. Funct. Anal., 22 (2012), 1289.  doi: 10.1007/s00039-012-0172-9.  Google Scholar

[12]

Peter Constantin and Jiahong Wu, Regularity of Hölder continuous solutions of the supercritical quasi-geostrophic equation,, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 25 (2008), 1103.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2007.10.001.  Google Scholar

[13]

Peter Constantin and Jiahong Wu, Hölder continuity of solutions of supercritical dissipative hydrodynamic transport equations,, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 26 (2009), 159.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2007.10.002.  Google Scholar

[14]

Antonio Córdoba and Diego Córdoba, A maximum principle applied to quasi-geostrophic equations,, Comm. Math. Phys., 249 (2004), 511.  doi: 10.1007/s00220-004-1055-1.  Google Scholar

[15]

Michael Dabkowski, Eventual regularity of the solutions to the supercritical dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation,, Geom. Funct. Anal., 21 (2011), 1.  doi: 10.1007/s00039-011-0108-9.  Google Scholar

[16]

Hongjie Dong and Nataša Pavlović, Regularity criteria for the dissipative quasi-geostrophic equations in Hölder spaces,, Comm. Math. Phys., 290 (2009), 801.  doi: 10.1007/s00220-009-0756-x.  Google Scholar

[17]

Bartlomiej Dyda and Moritz Kassmann, Comparability and regularity estimates for symmetric nonlocal dirichlet forms,, preprint, ().   Google Scholar

[18]

Susan Friedlander and Vlad Vicol, Global well-posedness for an advection-diffusion equation arising in magneto-geostrophic dynamics,, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 28 (2011), 283.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2011.01.002.  Google Scholar

[19]

Giambattista Giacomin, Joel L. Lebowitz and Errico Presutti, Deterministic and stochastic hydrodynamic equations arising from simple microscopic model systems,, in, 64 (1999), 107.   Google Scholar

[20]

Guy Gilboa and Stanley Osher, Nonlocal operators with applications to image processing,, Multiscale Model. Simul., 7 (2008), 1005.  doi: 10.1137/070698592.  Google Scholar

[21]

Niels Jacob, Alexander Potrykus and Jiang-Lun Wu, Solving a non-linear stochastic pseudo-differential equation of Burgers type,, Stochastic Process. Appl., 120 (2010), 2447.  doi: 10.1016/j.spa.2010.08.007.  Google Scholar

[22]

Moritz Kassmann, A priori estimates for integro-differential operators with measurable kernels,, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 34 (2009), 1.  doi: 10.1007/s00526-008-0173-6.  Google Scholar

[23]

A. Kiselev and F. Nazarov, A variation on a theme of Caffarelli and Vasseur,, Zap. Nauchn. Sem. S.-Peterburg. Otdel. Mat. Inst. Steklov. (POMI), 370 (2010), 58.  doi: 10.1007/s10958-010-9842-z.  Google Scholar

[24]

A. Kiselev, F. Nazarov and A. Volberg, Global well-posedness for the critical 2D dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation,, Invent. Math., 167 (2007), 445.  doi: 10.1007/s00222-006-0020-3.  Google Scholar

[25]

Takashi Komatsu, Continuity estimates for solutions of parabolic equations associated with jump type Dirichlet forms,, Osaka J. Math., 25 (1988), 697.   Google Scholar

[26]

Takashi Komatsu, Uniform estimates for fundamental solutions associated with non-local Dirichlet forms,, Osaka J. Math., 32 (1995), 833.   Google Scholar

[27]

Hitoshi Kumano-go, "Pseudodifferential Operators,", MIT Press, (1981).   Google Scholar

[28]

Yifei Lou, Xiaoqun Zhang, Stanley Osher and Andrea Bertozzi, Image recovery via nonlocal operators,, J. Sci. Comput., 42 (2010), 185.  doi: 10.1007/s10915-009-9320-2.  Google Scholar

[29]

Changxing Miao and Liutang Xue, On the regularity of a class of generalized quasi-geostrophic equations,, J. Differential Equations, 251 (2011), 2789.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2011.04.018.  Google Scholar

[30]

Russell W. Schwab, Periodic homogenization for nonlinear integro-differential equations,, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 42 (2010), 2652.  doi: 10.1137/080737897.  Google Scholar

[31]

Luis Silvestre, Hölder estimates for solutions of integro-differential equations like the fractional Laplace,, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 55 (2006), 1155.  doi: 10.1512/iumj.2006.55.2706.  Google Scholar

[32]

Luis Silvestre, Regularity of the obstacle problem for a fractional power of the Laplace operator,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 60 (2007), 67.  doi: 10.1002/cpa.20153.  Google Scholar

[33]

Luis Silvestre, Hölder estimates for advection fractional-diffusion equations,, preprint, ().   Google Scholar

[34]

Luis Silvestre, On the differentiability of the solution to an equation with drift and fractional diffusion,, preprint, ().   Google Scholar

[35]

Elias M. Stein, "Harmonic Analysis,", Princeton University Press, (1993).   Google Scholar

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