# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

May  2013, 33(5): 1945-1964. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.1945

## Actions of Baumslag-Solitar groups on surfaces

 1 IMERL, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La República, C.C. 30,Montevideo 2 Laboratoire Paul PAINLEVÉ, Université de Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cédex, France

Received  November 2011 Revised  July 2012 Published  December 2012

Let $BS(1, n) =< a, b \ | \ aba^{-1} = b^n >$ be the solvable Baumslag-Solitar group, where $n\geq 2$. It is known that $BS(1, n)$ is isomorphic to the group generated by the two affine maps of the real line: $f_0(x) = x + 1$ and $h_0(x) = nx$.
This paper deals with the dynamics of actions of $BS(1, n)$ on closed orientable surfaces. We exhibit a smooth $BS(1,n)$-action without finite orbits on $\mathbb{T} ^2$, we study the dynamical behavior of it and of its $C^1$-pertubations and we prove that it is not locally rigid.
We develop a general dynamical study for faithful topological $BS(1,n)$-actions on closed surfaces $S$. We prove that such actions $< f, h \ | \ h o f o h^{-1} = f^n >$ admit a minimal set included in $fix(f)$, the set of fixed points of $f$, provided that $fix(f)$ is not empty.
When $S= \mathbb{T}^2$, we show that there exists a positive integer $N$, such that $fix(f^N)$ is non-empty and contains a minimal set of the action. As a corollary, we get that there are no minimal faithful topological actions of $BS(1,n)$ on $\mathbb{T}^2$.
When the surface $S$ has genus at least 2, is closed and orientable, and $f$ is isotopic to identity, then $fix(f)$ is non empty and contains a minimal set of the action. Moreover if the action is $C^1$ and isotopic to identity then $fix(f)$ contains any minimal set.
Citation: Nancy Guelman, Isabelle Liousse. Actions of Baumslag-Solitar groups on surfaces. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2013, 33 (5) : 1945-1964. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.1945
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Hirsch, A stable analytic foliation with only exceptional minimal set,, Lecture Notes in Math. Springer-Verlag, 468 (1975). Google Scholar [15] M. Hirsch, C. Pugh and M. Shub, Invariant manifolds,, Lecture Notes in Math. Springer-Verlag, 583 (1977). Google Scholar [16] E. Lima, Common singularities of commuting vector fields on 2-manifolds,, Comment. Math. Helv., 39 (1964), 97. Google Scholar [17] A. McCarthy, Rigidity of trivial actions of abelian-by-cyclic groups,, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 138 (2010), 1395. doi: 10.1090/S0002-9939-09-10173-9. Google Scholar [18] M. Misiurewicz and K. Ziemian, Rotation sets for maps of tori,, J. London Math. Soc., 40 (1989), 490. doi: 10.1112/jlms/s2-40.3.490. Google Scholar [19] Y. Moriyama, Polycyclic groups of diffeomorphisms on the half-line,, Hokkaido Math. Jour., 23 (1994), 399. Google Scholar [20] A. Navas, Groupes résolubles de difféomorphismes de l'intervalle, du cercle et de la droite,, Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. (N.S.), 35 (2004), 13. doi: 10.1007/s00574-004-0002-2. Google Scholar [21] J. F. Plante, Fixed points of Lie group actions on surfaces,, Ergod. Th. and Dynam. Sys., 6 (1986), 149. doi: 10.1017/S0143385700003345. Google Scholar [22] J. F. Plante and W. Thurston, Polynomial growth in holonomy groups of foliations,, Comment. Math. Helv., 51 (1976), 567. Google Scholar [23] J. Rebelo and R. Silva, The multiple ergodicity of nondiscrete subgroups of Dif f^{omega}$$(S^{1})$,, Mosc. Math. J., 3 (2003), 123.   Google Scholar [24] M. Shub, Expanding maps,, Global Analysis Proceedings of the Symposium on Pure Mathematics, XIV (1970), 273.   Google Scholar [25] M. Zdun, On embedding of homeomorphisms of the circle in a continuous flow,, Iteration Theory and Its Functional Equations, 1163 (1985), 218.  doi: 10.1007/BFb0076436.  Google Scholar
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