# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

May  2013, 33(5): 1945-1964. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.1945

## Actions of Baumslag-Solitar groups on surfaces

 1 IMERL, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La República, C.C. 30,Montevideo 2 Laboratoire Paul PAINLEVÉ, Université de Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cédex, France

Received  November 2011 Revised  July 2012 Published  December 2012

Let $BS(1, n) =< a, b \ | \ aba^{-1} = b^n >$ be the solvable Baumslag-Solitar group, where $n\geq 2$. It is known that $BS(1, n)$ is isomorphic to the group generated by the two affine maps of the real line: $f_0(x) = x + 1$ and $h_0(x) = nx$.
This paper deals with the dynamics of actions of $BS(1, n)$ on closed orientable surfaces. We exhibit a smooth $BS(1,n)$-action without finite orbits on $\mathbb{T} ^2$, we study the dynamical behavior of it and of its $C^1$-pertubations and we prove that it is not locally rigid.
We develop a general dynamical study for faithful topological $BS(1,n)$-actions on closed surfaces $S$. We prove that such actions $< f, h \ | \ h o f o h^{-1} = f^n >$ admit a minimal set included in $fix(f)$, the set of fixed points of $f$, provided that $fix(f)$ is not empty.
When $S= \mathbb{T}^2$, we show that there exists a positive integer $N$, such that $fix(f^N)$ is non-empty and contains a minimal set of the action. As a corollary, we get that there are no minimal faithful topological actions of $BS(1,n)$ on $\mathbb{T}^2$.
When the surface $S$ has genus at least 2, is closed and orientable, and $f$ is isotopic to identity, then $fix(f)$ is non empty and contains a minimal set of the action. Moreover if the action is $C^1$ and isotopic to identity then $fix(f)$ contains any minimal set.
Citation: Nancy Guelman, Isabelle Liousse. Actions of Baumslag-Solitar groups on surfaces. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2013, 33 (5) : 1945-1964. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.1945
 [1] M. Belliart and I. Liousse, Actions sans point fixe sur les surfaces compactes,, Preprint, 34 (1994), 1.  doi: 10.1007/PL00004317.  Google Scholar [2] C. Bonatti, Un point fixe commun pour des difféomorphismes commutants de $S^2$,, Ann. of Math., 129 (1989), 61.  doi: 10.2307/1971485.  Google Scholar [3] L. Burslem and A. Wilkinson, Global rigidity of solvable group actions on $S^1$,, Geom. Topol., 8 (2004), 877.  doi: 10.2140/gt.2004.8.877.  Google Scholar [4] S. Druck, F. Fang and S. Firmo, Fixed points of discrete nilpotent group actions on $S^2$,, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble), 52 (2002), 1075.   Google Scholar [5] B. Farb and J. Franks, Groups of homeomorphisms of one-manifolds $I$: Actions of nonlinear groups,, Preprint (2001)., (2001).   Google Scholar [6] B. Farb, A. Lubotzky and Y. Minsky, Rank-1 phenomena for mapping class groups,, Duke Math. J., 106 (2001), 581.  doi: 10.1215/S0012-7094-01-10636-4.  Google Scholar [7] J. Franks, Realizing rotation vectors for torus homeomorphisms,, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 311 (1989), 107.  doi: 10.2307/2001018.  Google Scholar [8] J. Franks and M. Handel, Distortion elements in group actions on surfaces,, Duke Math. J., 131 (2006), 441.  doi: 10.1215/S0012-7094-06-13132-0.  Google Scholar [9] J. Franks, M. Handel and K. Parwani, Fixed points of abelian actions on $S^2$,, Erg. Th. and Dyn. Sys., 27 (2007), 1557.  doi: 10.1017/S0143385706001088.  Google Scholar [10] J. Franks, Handel and K. Parwani, Fixed points of abelian actions,, Jour. of Modern Dynamics, 1 (2007), 443.  doi: 10.3934/jmd.2007.1.443.  Google Scholar [11] E. Ghys, Groups acting on the circle,, Enseign. Math. (2), 47 (2001), 329.   Google Scholar [12] N. Guelman and I. Liousse, $C^1$ actions of Baumslag Solitar groups on $S^{1}$,, Algebraic & Geometric Topology, 11 (2011), 1701.  doi: 10.2140/agt.2011.11.1701.  Google Scholar [13] M. Gromov, Asymptotic invariants of infinite groups,, in, 2 (1993).   Google Scholar [14] M. Hirsch, A stable analytic foliation with only exceptional minimal set,, Lecture Notes in Math. Springer-Verlag, 468 (1975).   Google Scholar [15] M. Hirsch, C. Pugh and M. Shub, Invariant manifolds,, Lecture Notes in Math. Springer-Verlag, 583 (1977).   Google Scholar [16] E. Lima, Common singularities of commuting vector fields on 2-manifolds,, Comment. Math. Helv., 39 (1964), 97.   Google Scholar [17] A. McCarthy, Rigidity of trivial actions of abelian-by-cyclic groups,, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 138 (2010), 1395.  doi: 10.1090/S0002-9939-09-10173-9.  Google Scholar [18] M. Misiurewicz and K. Ziemian, Rotation sets for maps of tori,, J. London Math. Soc., 40 (1989), 490.  doi: 10.1112/jlms/s2-40.3.490.  Google Scholar [19] Y. Moriyama, Polycyclic groups of diffeomorphisms on the half-line,, Hokkaido Math. Jour., 23 (1994), 399.   Google Scholar [20] A. Navas, Groupes résolubles de difféomorphismes de l'intervalle, du cercle et de la droite,, Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. (N.S.), 35 (2004), 13.  doi: 10.1007/s00574-004-0002-2.  Google Scholar [21] J. F. Plante, Fixed points of Lie group actions on surfaces,, Ergod. Th. and Dynam. Sys., 6 (1986), 149.  doi: 10.1017/S0143385700003345.  Google Scholar [22] J. F. Plante and W. Thurston, Polynomial growth in holonomy groups of foliations,, Comment. Math. Helv., 51 (1976), 567.   Google Scholar [23] J. Rebelo and R. Silva, The multiple ergodicity of nondiscrete subgroups of Dif $f^{omega}$(S^{1}),, Mosc. Math. J., 3 (2003), 123. Google Scholar [24] M. Shub, Expanding maps,, Global Analysis Proceedings of the Symposium on Pure Mathematics, XIV (1970), 273. Google Scholar [25] M. Zdun, On embedding of homeomorphisms of the circle in a continuous flow,, Iteration Theory and Its Functional Equations, 1163 (1985), 218. doi: 10.1007/BFb0076436. Google Scholar show all references ##### References:  [1] M. Belliart and I. Liousse, Actions sans point fixe sur les surfaces compactes,, Preprint, 34 (1994), 1. doi: 10.1007/PL00004317. Google Scholar [2] C. Bonatti, Un point fixe commun pour des difféomorphismes commutants de S^2,, Ann. of Math., 129 (1989), 61. doi: 10.2307/1971485. Google Scholar [3] L. Burslem and A. Wilkinson, Global rigidity of solvable group actions on S^1,, Geom. Topol., 8 (2004), 877. doi: 10.2140/gt.2004.8.877. Google Scholar [4] S. Druck, F. Fang and S. Firmo, Fixed points of discrete nilpotent group actions on S^2,, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble), 52 (2002), 1075. Google Scholar [5] B. Farb and J. Franks, Groups of homeomorphisms of one-manifolds I: Actions of nonlinear groups,, Preprint (2001)., (2001). Google Scholar [6] B. Farb, A. Lubotzky and Y. Minsky, Rank-1 phenomena for mapping class groups,, Duke Math. J., 106 (2001), 581. doi: 10.1215/S0012-7094-01-10636-4. Google Scholar [7] J. Franks, Realizing rotation vectors for torus homeomorphisms,, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 311 (1989), 107. doi: 10.2307/2001018. Google Scholar [8] J. Franks and M. Handel, Distortion elements in group actions on surfaces,, Duke Math. J., 131 (2006), 441. doi: 10.1215/S0012-7094-06-13132-0. Google Scholar [9] J. Franks, M. Handel and K. Parwani, Fixed points of abelian actions on S^2,, Erg. Th. and Dyn. Sys., 27 (2007), 1557. doi: 10.1017/S0143385706001088. Google Scholar [10] J. Franks, Handel and K. Parwani, Fixed points of abelian actions,, Jour. of Modern Dynamics, 1 (2007), 443. doi: 10.3934/jmd.2007.1.443. Google Scholar [11] E. Ghys, Groups acting on the circle,, Enseign. Math. (2), 47 (2001), 329. Google Scholar [12] N. Guelman and I. Liousse, C^1 actions of Baumslag Solitar groups on S^{1},, Algebraic & Geometric Topology, 11 (2011), 1701. doi: 10.2140/agt.2011.11.1701. Google Scholar [13] M. Gromov, Asymptotic invariants of infinite groups,, in, 2 (1993). Google Scholar [14] M. Hirsch, A stable analytic foliation with only exceptional minimal set,, Lecture Notes in Math. Springer-Verlag, 468 (1975). Google Scholar [15] M. Hirsch, C. Pugh and M. Shub, Invariant manifolds,, Lecture Notes in Math. Springer-Verlag, 583 (1977). Google Scholar [16] E. Lima, Common singularities of commuting vector fields on 2-manifolds,, Comment. Math. Helv., 39 (1964), 97. Google Scholar [17] A. McCarthy, Rigidity of trivial actions of abelian-by-cyclic groups,, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 138 (2010), 1395. doi: 10.1090/S0002-9939-09-10173-9. Google Scholar [18] M. Misiurewicz and K. Ziemian, Rotation sets for maps of tori,, J. London Math. Soc., 40 (1989), 490. doi: 10.1112/jlms/s2-40.3.490. Google Scholar [19] Y. Moriyama, Polycyclic groups of diffeomorphisms on the half-line,, Hokkaido Math. Jour., 23 (1994), 399. Google Scholar [20] A. Navas, Groupes résolubles de difféomorphismes de l'intervalle, du cercle et de la droite,, Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. (N.S.), 35 (2004), 13. doi: 10.1007/s00574-004-0002-2. Google Scholar [21] J. F. Plante, Fixed points of Lie group actions on surfaces,, Ergod. Th. and Dynam. Sys., 6 (1986), 149. doi: 10.1017/S0143385700003345. Google Scholar [22] J. F. Plante and W. Thurston, Polynomial growth in holonomy groups of foliations,, Comment. Math. Helv., 51 (1976), 567. Google Scholar [23] J. Rebelo and R. Silva, The multiple ergodicity of nondiscrete subgroups of Dif f^{omega}$(S^{1})$,, Mosc. Math. J., 3 (2003), 123.   Google Scholar [24] M. Shub, Expanding maps,, Global Analysis Proceedings of the Symposium on Pure Mathematics, XIV (1970), 273.   Google Scholar [25] M. Zdun, On embedding of homeomorphisms of the circle in a continuous flow,, Iteration Theory and Its Functional Equations, 1163 (1985), 218.  doi: 10.1007/BFb0076436.  Google Scholar
 [1] Dandan Cheng, Qian Hao, Zhiming Li. Scale pressure for amenable group actions. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, , () : -. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2021008 [2] Qiao Liu. Local rigidity of certain solvable group actions on tori. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2021, 41 (2) : 553-567. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020269 [3] Meihua Dong, Keonhee Lee, Carlos Morales. Gromov-Hausdorff stability for group actions. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2021, 41 (3) : 1347-1357. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020320 [4] Jesús A. Álvarez López, Ramón Barral Lijó, John Hunton, Hiraku Nozawa, John R. Parker. Chaotic Delone sets. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2021  doi: 10.3934/dcds.2021016 [5] Vivina Barutello, Gian Marco Canneori, Susanna Terracini. Minimal collision arcs asymptotic to central configurations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2021, 41 (1) : 61-86. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020218 [6] Yi Zhou, Jianli Liu. The initial-boundary value problem on a strip for the equation of time-like extremal surfaces. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2009, 23 (1&2) : 381-397. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2009.23.381 [7] Riccarda Rossi, Ulisse Stefanelli, Marita Thomas. Rate-independent evolution of sets. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2021, 14 (1) : 89-119. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2020304 [8] Laurent Di Menza, Virginie Joanne-Fabre. An age group model for the study of a population of trees. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2020  doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2020464 [9] Kien Trung Nguyen, Vo Nguyen Minh Hieu, Van Huy Pham. Inverse group 1-median problem on trees. Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization, 2021, 17 (1) : 221-232. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2019108 [10] Jong Yoon Hyun, Boran Kim, Minwon Na. Construction of minimal linear codes from multi-variable functions. Advances in Mathematics of Communications, 2021, 15 (2) : 227-240. doi: 10.3934/amc.2020055 [11] Wolfgang Riedl, Robert Baier, Matthias Gerdts. Optimization-based subdivision algorithm for reachable sets. Journal of Computational Dynamics, 2021, 8 (1) : 99-130. doi: 10.3934/jcd.2021005 [12] Vito Napolitano, Ferdinando Zullo. Codes with few weights arising from linear sets. Advances in Mathematics of Communications, 2020  doi: 10.3934/amc.2020129 [13] Lisa Hernandez Lucas. Properties of sets of Subspaces with Constant Intersection Dimension. Advances in Mathematics of Communications, 2021, 15 (1) : 191-206. doi: 10.3934/amc.2020052 [14] Dan Zhu, Rosemary A. Renaut, Hongwei Li, Tianyou Liu. Fast non-convex low-rank matrix decomposition for separation of potential field data using minimal memory. Inverse Problems & Imaging, 2021, 15 (1) : 159-183. doi: 10.3934/ipi.2020076 [15] Héctor Barge. Čech cohomology, homoclinic trajectories and robustness of non-saddle sets. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2020  doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020381 [16] Tinghua Hu, Yang Yang, Zhengchun Zhou. Golay complementary sets with large zero odd-periodic correlation zones. Advances in Mathematics of Communications, 2021, 15 (1) : 23-33. doi: 10.3934/amc.2020040 [17] Nicola Pace, Angelo Sonnino. On the existence of PD-sets: Algorithms arising from automorphism groups of codes. Advances in Mathematics of Communications, 2021, 15 (2) : 267-277. doi: 10.3934/amc.2020065 [18] Luca Battaglia, Francesca Gladiali, Massimo Grossi. Asymptotic behavior of minimal solutions of $-\Delta u = \lambda f(u)$ as $\lambda\to-\infty$. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2021, 41 (2) : 681-700. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020293 [19] Hongyan Guo. Automorphism group and twisted modules of the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro vertex operator algebra. Electronic Research Archive, , () : -. doi: 10.3934/era.2021008 [20] Ivan Bailera, Joaquim Borges, Josep Rifà. On Hadamard full propelinear codes with associated group $C_{2t}\times C_2$. Advances in Mathematics of Communications, 2021, 15 (1) : 35-54. doi: 10.3934/amc.2020041

2019 Impact Factor: 1.338