Integrability of nonholonomically coupled oscillators

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March 2014, 34(3): 1121-1130. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2014.34.1121

Integrability of nonholonomically coupled oscillators

1.	Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
2.	Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Norway

Received December 2012 Revised February 2013 Published August 2013

Abstract
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We study a family of nonholonomic mechanical systems. These systems consist of harmonic oscillators coupled through nonholonomic constraints. The family includes the contact oscillator, which has been used as a test problem for numerical methods for nonholonomic mechanics. The systems under study constitute simple models for continuously variable transmission gearboxes.
The main result is that each system in the family is integrable reversible with respect to the canonical reversibility map on the cotangent bundle. By using reversible Kolmogorov--Arnold--Moser theory, we then establish preservation of invariant tori for reversible perturbations. This result explains previous numerical observations, that some discretisations of the contact oscillator have favourable structure preserving properties.

Keywords: geometric integration., Nonholonomic mechanics, KAM theory, Continuously variable transmission, reversible integrability, Lagrange D'Alembert.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 70H08, 70F25, 37J60; Secondary: 65P99, 37M9.

Citation: Klas Modin, Olivier Verdier. Integrability of nonholonomically coupled oscillators. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2014, 34 (3) : 1121-1130. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2014.34.1121

References:

[1]	V. I. Arnold, "Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics,", Springer-Verlag, (1989).
[2]	V. I. Arnold, V. Kozlov, A. I. Neishtadt and E. Khukhro, "Mathematical Aspects of Classical and Celestial Mechanics,", Springer-Verlag, (2006). doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-48926-9.
[3]	V. I. Arnold, "Ordinary Differential Equations,", Springer-Verlag, (2006).
[4]	A. M. Bloch, "Nonholonomic Mechanics and Control,", Springer-Verlag, (2003). doi: 10.1007/b97376.
[5]	A. M. Bloch, J. E. Marsden and D. V. Zenkov, Quasivelocities and symmetries in non-holonomic systems,, Dynamical Systems, 24 (2009), 187. doi: 10.1080/14689360802609344.
[6]	J. Cortés Monforte, "Geometric, Control and Numerical Aspects of Nonholonomic Systems,", Springer-Verlag, (2002). doi: 10.1007/b84020.
[7]	M. de León, J. C. Marrero and D. Martín de Diego, Linear almost Poisson structures and Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Applications to nonholonomic mechanics,, J. Geom. Mech., 2 (2010), 159. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2010.2.159.
[8]	S. Ferraro, D. Iglesias and D. Martín de Diego, Momentum and energy preserving integrators for nonholonomic dynamics,, Nonlinearity, 21 (2008), 1911. doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/21/8/009.
[9]	S. J. Ferraro, D. Iglesias-Ponte and D. Martín de Diego, Numerical and geometric aspects of the nonholonomic Shake and Rattle methods,, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., (2009), 220.
[10]	E. Hairer, C. Lubich and G. Wanner, "Geometric Numerical Integration,", Springer-Verlag, (2006). doi: 10.1007/3-540-30666-8.
[11]	D. Iglesias-Ponte, M. de León and D. Martín de Diego, Towards a Hamilton-Jacobi theory for nonholonomic mechanical systems,, J. Phys. A, 41 (2008). doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/41/1/015205.
[12]	M. Kobilarov, D. Martín de Diego and S. Ferraro, Simulating nonholonomic dynamics,, Bol. Soc. Esp. Mat. Apl. S$\vec{\e}$MA, 50 (2010), 61.
[13]	M. Kobilarov, J. E. Marsden and G. S. Sukhatme, Geometric discretization of nonholonomic systems with symmetries,, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. S, 3 (2010), 61. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2010.3.61.
[14]	V. V. Kozlov, On the integration theory of equations of nonholonomic mechanics,, Regul. Chaotic Dyn., 7 (2002), 161. doi: 10.1070/RD2002v007n02ABEH000203.
[15]	J. E. Marsden and T. S. Ratiu, "Introduction to Mechanics and Symmetry,", Springer-Verlag, (1999). doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-21792-5.
[16]	R. McLachlan and M. Perlmutter, Integrators for nonholonomic mechanical systems,, J. Nonlinear Sci., 16 (2006), 283. doi: 10.1007/s00332-005-0698-1.
[17]	T. Ohsawa, O. E. Fernandez, A. M. Bloch and D. V. Zenkov, Nonholonomic Hamilton-Jacobi theory via Chaplygin Hamiltonization,, J. Geom. Phys., 61 (2011), 1263. doi: 10.1016/j.geomphys.2011.02.015.
[18]	M. B. Sevryuk, KAM-stable Hamiltonians,, J. Dynam. Control Systems, 1 (1995), 351. doi: 10.1007/BF02269374.
[19]	M. B. Sevryuk, The finite-dimensional reversible KAM theory,, Phys. D, 112 (1998), 132. doi: 10.1016/S0167-2789(97)00207-8.
[20]	Z. Shang, KAM theorem of symplectic algorithms for Hamiltonian systems,, Numer. Math., 83 (1999), 477. doi: 10.1007/s002110050460.
[21]	Z. Shang, A note on the KAM theorem for symplectic mappings,, J. Dynam. Differential Equations, 12 (2000), 357. doi: 10.1023/A:1009068425415.

show all references

References:

[1]	V. I. Arnold, "Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics,", Springer-Verlag, (1989).
[2]	V. I. Arnold, V. Kozlov, A. I. Neishtadt and E. Khukhro, "Mathematical Aspects of Classical and Celestial Mechanics,", Springer-Verlag, (2006). doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-48926-9.
[3]	V. I. Arnold, "Ordinary Differential Equations,", Springer-Verlag, (2006).
[4]	A. M. Bloch, "Nonholonomic Mechanics and Control,", Springer-Verlag, (2003). doi: 10.1007/b97376.
[5]	A. M. Bloch, J. E. Marsden and D. V. Zenkov, Quasivelocities and symmetries in non-holonomic systems,, Dynamical Systems, 24 (2009), 187. doi: 10.1080/14689360802609344.
[6]	J. Cortés Monforte, "Geometric, Control and Numerical Aspects of Nonholonomic Systems,", Springer-Verlag, (2002). doi: 10.1007/b84020.
[7]	M. de León, J. C. Marrero and D. Martín de Diego, Linear almost Poisson structures and Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Applications to nonholonomic mechanics,, J. Geom. Mech., 2 (2010), 159. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2010.2.159.
[8]	S. Ferraro, D. Iglesias and D. Martín de Diego, Momentum and energy preserving integrators for nonholonomic dynamics,, Nonlinearity, 21 (2008), 1911. doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/21/8/009.
[9]	S. J. Ferraro, D. Iglesias-Ponte and D. Martín de Diego, Numerical and geometric aspects of the nonholonomic Shake and Rattle methods,, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., (2009), 220.
[10]	E. Hairer, C. Lubich and G. Wanner, "Geometric Numerical Integration,", Springer-Verlag, (2006). doi: 10.1007/3-540-30666-8.
[11]	D. Iglesias-Ponte, M. de León and D. Martín de Diego, Towards a Hamilton-Jacobi theory for nonholonomic mechanical systems,, J. Phys. A, 41 (2008). doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/41/1/015205.
[12]	M. Kobilarov, D. Martín de Diego and S. Ferraro, Simulating nonholonomic dynamics,, Bol. Soc. Esp. Mat. Apl. S$\vec{\e}$MA, 50 (2010), 61.
[13]	M. Kobilarov, J. E. Marsden and G. S. Sukhatme, Geometric discretization of nonholonomic systems with symmetries,, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. S, 3 (2010), 61. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2010.3.61.
[14]	V. V. Kozlov, On the integration theory of equations of nonholonomic mechanics,, Regul. Chaotic Dyn., 7 (2002), 161. doi: 10.1070/RD2002v007n02ABEH000203.
[15]	J. E. Marsden and T. S. Ratiu, "Introduction to Mechanics and Symmetry,", Springer-Verlag, (1999). doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-21792-5.
[16]	R. McLachlan and M. Perlmutter, Integrators for nonholonomic mechanical systems,, J. Nonlinear Sci., 16 (2006), 283. doi: 10.1007/s00332-005-0698-1.
[17]	T. Ohsawa, O. E. Fernandez, A. M. Bloch and D. V. Zenkov, Nonholonomic Hamilton-Jacobi theory via Chaplygin Hamiltonization,, J. Geom. Phys., 61 (2011), 1263. doi: 10.1016/j.geomphys.2011.02.015.
[18]	M. B. Sevryuk, KAM-stable Hamiltonians,, J. Dynam. Control Systems, 1 (1995), 351. doi: 10.1007/BF02269374.
[19]	M. B. Sevryuk, The finite-dimensional reversible KAM theory,, Phys. D, 112 (1998), 132. doi: 10.1016/S0167-2789(97)00207-8.
[20]	Z. Shang, KAM theorem of symplectic algorithms for Hamiltonian systems,, Numer. Math., 83 (1999), 477. doi: 10.1007/s002110050460.
[21]	Z. Shang, A note on the KAM theorem for symplectic mappings,, J. Dynam. Differential Equations, 12 (2000), 357. doi: 10.1023/A:1009068425415.

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