# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

March  2016, 36(3): 1431-1464. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016.36.1431

## Positive solutions of a nonlinear Schrödinger system with nonconstant potentials

 1 College of Mathematics, Physics and Information Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang 314001, China 2 School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China

Received  November 2014 Revised  June 2015 Published  August 2015

Existence of a solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger system \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{aligned} & - \Delta u + V_1(x) u=\mu_1(x) u^3 + \beta(x) u v^2 \qquad\mbox{in}\ \mathbb{R}^N, \\ & - \Delta v + V_2(x) v=\beta(x) u^2 v + \mu_2(x) v^3 \qquad \mbox{in}\ \mathbb{R}^N, \\ & u>0,\ v>0,\quad u,\ v\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^N), \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation*} where $N=1,2,3$, and $V_j,\mu_j,\beta$ are continuous functions of $x\in\mathbb{R}^N$, is proved provided that either $V_j,\mu_j,\beta$ are invariant under the action of a finite subgroup of $O(N)$ or there is no such invariance assumption. In either case the result is obtained both for $\beta$ small and for $\beta$ large in terms of $V_j$ and $\mu_j$.
Citation: Haidong Liu, Zhaoli Liu. Positive solutions of a nonlinear Schrödinger system with nonconstant potentials. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2016, 36 (3) : 1431-1464. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016.36.1431
##### References:
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Lions, The concentration-compactness principle in the calculus of variations, the locally compact case, part 1, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 1 (1984), 109-145.  Google Scholar [26] H. D. Liu and Z. L. Liu, Ground states of a nonlinear Schrödinger system with nonconstant potentials, Sci. China Math., 58 (2015), 257-278. doi: 10.1007/s11425-014-4914-z.  Google Scholar [27] Z. L. Liu and Z.-Q. Wang, Multiple bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger systems, Comm. Math. Phys., 282 (2008), 721-731. doi: 10.1007/s00220-008-0546-x.  Google Scholar [28] Z. L. Liu and Z.-Q. Wang, Ground states and bound states of a nonlinear Schrödinger system, Adv. Nonlinear Studies, 10 (2010), 175-193.  Google Scholar [29] L. A. Maia, E. Montefusco and B. Pellacci, Positive solutions for a weakly coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system, J. Differential Equations, 229 (2006), 743-767. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2006.07.002.  Google Scholar [30] L. A. Maia, E. Montefusco and B. 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##### References:
 [1] S. Adachi, A positive solution of a nonhomogeneous elliptic equation in $\mathbbR^N$ with G-invariant nonlinearity, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 27 (2002), 1-22. doi: 10.1081/PDE-120002781.  Google Scholar [2] N. Akhmediev and A. Ankiewicz, Partially coherent solitons on a finite background, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82 (1999), 2661-2664. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2661.  Google Scholar [3] A. Ambrosetti, G. Cerami and D. Ruiz, Solitons of linearly coupled systems of semilinear non-autonomous equations on $\mathbb R^n$, J. Funct. Anal., 254 (2008), 2816-2845. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2007.11.013.  Google Scholar [4] A. Ambrosetti and E. Colorado, Bound and ground states of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris, 342 (2006), 453-458. doi: 10.1016/j.crma.2006.01.024.  Google Scholar [5] A. Ambrosetti and E. Colorado, Standing waves of some coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, J. London Math. Soc., 75 (2007), 67-82. doi: 10.1112/jlms/jdl020.  Google Scholar [6] A. Bahri and Y. Y. Li, On the min-max procedure for the existence of a positive solution for certain scalar field equations in $\mathbb R^N$, Rev. Mat. Iberoamericana, 6 (1990), 1-15. doi: 10.4171/RMI/92.  Google Scholar [7] A. Bahri and P. L. Lions, On the existence of a positive solution of semilinear elliptic equations in unbounded domains, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 14 (1997), 365-413. doi: 10.1016/S0294-1449(97)80142-4.  Google Scholar [8] T. Bartsch, E. N. Dancer and Z.-Q. Wang, A Liouville theorem, a-priori bounds, and bifurcating branches of positive solutions for a nonlinear elliptic system, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 37 (2010), 345-361. doi: 10.1007/s00526-009-0265-y.  Google Scholar [9] T. Bartsch and Z.-Q. Wang, Note on ground states of nonlinear Schrédinger systems, J. Partial Differential Equations, 19 (2006), 200-207.  Google Scholar [10] T. Bartsch, Z.-Q. Wang and J.C. Wei, Bound states for a coupled Schrödinger system, J. Fixed Point Theory Appl., 2 (2007), 353-367. doi: 10.1007/s11784-007-0033-6.  Google Scholar [11] V. Benci and G. Cerami, Positive solutions of some nonlinear elliptic problems in exterior domain, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 99 (1987), 283-300. doi: 10.1007/BF00282048.  Google Scholar [12] H. Brezis, On a characterization of flow invariant sets, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 23 (1970), 261-263. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160230211.  Google Scholar [13] H. Brezis and E. Lieb, A relation between pointwise convergence of functions and convergence of functionals, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 88 (1983), 486-490. doi: 10.1090/S0002-9939-1983-0699419-3.  Google Scholar [14] E. N. Dancer, J. C. Wei and T. Weth, A priori bounds versus multiple existence of positive solutions for a nonlinear Schrödinger system, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 27 (2010), 953-969. doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2010.01.009.  Google Scholar [15] K. Deimling, Ordinary Differential Equations in Banach Spaces, Lecture Notes in Math., No. 596, Springer-Verlag, 1977.  Google Scholar [16] W. Y. Ding and W. M. Ni, On the existence of positive entire solutions of a semilinear elliptic equations, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 91 (1986), 283-308. doi: 10.1007/BF00282336.  Google Scholar [17] B. Gidas, W. M. Ni and L. Nirenberg, Symmetry of positive solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations in $\mathbbR^n$, in Mathematical Analysis and Applications, Part A, Adv. Math. Suppl. Studies 7A, Academic Press, New York, 1981, 369-402.  Google Scholar [18] F. T. Hioe, Solitary waves for two and three coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Phys. Rev. E, 58 (1998), 6700-6707. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.6700.  Google Scholar [19] F. T. Hioe, Solitary waves for $N$ coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82 (1999), 1152-1155. Google Scholar [20] F. T. Hioe and T. S. Salter, Special set and solutions of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 35 (2002), 8913-8928. doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/35/42/303.  Google Scholar [21] J. Hirata, A positive solution of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with $G$-symmetry, Nonlinear Anal., 69 (2008), 3174-3189. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2007.09.010.  Google Scholar [22] M. K. Kwong, Uniqueness of positive solutions of $\Delta u-u+u^p=0$ in $\mathbbR^n$, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 105 (1989), 243-266. doi: 10.1007/BF00251502.  Google Scholar [23] L. S. Lin, Z. L. Liu and S. W. Chen, Multi-bump solutions for a semilinear Schrödinger equation, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 58 (2009), 1659-1689. doi: 10.1512/iumj.2009.58.3611.  Google Scholar [24] T.-C. Lin and J. C. Wei, Ground state of $N$ coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations in $\mathbbR^n,\ n\leq 3$, Comm. Math. Phys., 255 (2005), 629-653. doi: 10.1007/s00220-005-1313-x.  Google Scholar [25] P. L. Lions, The concentration-compactness principle in the calculus of variations, the locally compact case, part 1, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 1 (1984), 109-145.  Google Scholar [26] H. D. Liu and Z. L. Liu, Ground states of a nonlinear Schrödinger system with nonconstant potentials, Sci. China Math., 58 (2015), 257-278. doi: 10.1007/s11425-014-4914-z.  Google Scholar [27] Z. L. Liu and Z.-Q. Wang, Multiple bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger systems, Comm. Math. Phys., 282 (2008), 721-731. doi: 10.1007/s00220-008-0546-x.  Google Scholar [28] Z. L. Liu and Z.-Q. Wang, Ground states and bound states of a nonlinear Schrödinger system, Adv. Nonlinear Studies, 10 (2010), 175-193.  Google Scholar [29] L. A. Maia, E. Montefusco and B. Pellacci, Positive solutions for a weakly coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system, J. Differential Equations, 229 (2006), 743-767. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2006.07.002.  Google Scholar [30] L. A. Maia, E. Montefusco and B. Pellacci, Infinitely many nodal solutions for a weakly coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system, Comm. Contemp. Math., 10 (2008), 651-669. doi: 10.1142/S0219199708002934.  Google Scholar [31] R. S. Palais, The principle of symmetric criticality, Comm. Math. Phys., 69 (1979), 19-30. doi: 10.1007/BF01941322.  Google Scholar [32] A. Pomponio, Coupled nonlinear Schrödinger systems with potentials, J. Differential Equations, 227 (2006), 258-281. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2005.09.002.  Google Scholar [33] Y. Sato and Z.-Q. Wang, On the multiple existence of semi-positive solutions for a nonlinear Schrödinger system, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 30 (2013), 1-22. doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2012.05.002.  Google Scholar [34] B. Sirakov, Least energy solitary waves for a system of nonlinear Schrödinger equations in $\mathbbR^n$, Comm. Math. Phys., 271 (2007), 199-221. doi: 10.1007/s00220-006-0179-x.  Google Scholar [35] R. S. Tian and Z.-Q. Wang, Multiple solitary wave solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger systems, Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal., 37 (2011), 203-223.  Google Scholar [36] E. Timmermans, Phase separation of Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81 (1998), 5718-5721. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5718.  Google Scholar [37] J. C. Wei and T. Weth, Nonradial symmetric bound states for a system of two coupled Schrödinger equations, Rend. Lincei Mat. Appl., 18 (2007), 279-293. doi: 10.4171/RLM/495.  Google Scholar [38] J. C. Wei and T. Weth, Radial solutions and phase seperation in a system of two coupled Schrödinger equations, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 190 (2008), 83-106. doi: 10.1007/s00205-008-0121-9.  Google Scholar [39] J. C. Wei and W. Yao, Uniqueness of positive solutions to some coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Comm. Pure Appl. Anal., 11 (2012), 1003-1011. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2012.11.1003.  Google Scholar [40] M. Willem, Minimax Theorems, Birkhäuser, Boston, 1996. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4146-1.  Google Scholar [41] T. F. Wu, Two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations involving a nonconstant coupling coefficient, Nonlinear Anal., 75 (2012), 4766-4783. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2012.03.027.  Google Scholar
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