American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

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May  2016, 36(5): 2803-2825. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016.36.2803

Limit cycle bifurcations near generalized homoclinic loop in piecewise smooth differential systems

Lijun Wei 1, and  Xiang Zhang 2,

1. 

Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2. 

Department of Mathematics and MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240

Received  December 2014 Revised  August 2015 Published  October 2015

This paper deals with the maximum number of limit cycles, which can be bifurcated from periodic orbits of planar piecewise smooth Hamiltonian systems, which are located in a neighborhood of a generalized homoclinic loop with a nilpotent saddle on a switch line. First we present asymptotic expressions of the Melnikov functions near the loop. Then using these expressions we study the number of limit cycles which are bifurcated from the periodic orbits near the homoclinic loop under small perturbations. Finally we provide two concrete examples showing applications of our main results.
Keywords: Piecewise smooth system, limit cycle bifurcation, nilpotent saddle., generalized homoclinic loop, Melnikov function.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 37G15, 34C07; Secondary: 34C0.
Citation: Lijun Wei, Xiang Zhang. Limit cycle bifurcations near generalized homoclinic loop in piecewise smooth differential systems. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2016, 36 (5) : 2803-2825. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016.36.2803
References:
[1]

R. Asheghi and H. Zangeneh, Bifurcation of limit cycles for a quintic Hamiltonian system with a double cuspidal loop, Comput. Math. Appl., 59 (2010), 1409-1418. doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2009.12.024.

[2]

A. Atabaigi, H. Zangeneh and R. Kazemi, Limit cycle bifurcation by perturbing a cuspidal loop of order 2 in a Hamiltonian system, Nonlinear Anal., 75 (2012), 1945-1958. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2011.09.044.

[3]

M. di Bernardo, C. J. Budd, A. R. Champneys and P. Kowalczyk, Piecewise-Smooth Dynamical Systems, Theory and Applications, Springer-Verlag, London, 2008. Available from: http://zh.bookzz.org/book/1174967/8d438a.

[4]

B. Brogliato, Nonsmooth Impact Mechanics, Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, 220, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996.

[5]

C.A. Buzzi, T. de Carvalho and M.A. Teixeira, Birth of limit cycles bifurcating from a nonsmooth center, J. Math. Pures Appl., 102 (2014), 36-47. doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2013.10.013.

[6]

C. A. Buzzi, J. C. R. Medrado and M. A. Teixeira, Generic bifurcation of refracted systems, Adv. Math., 234 (2013), 653-666. doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2012.11.008.

[7]

C. Buzzi, C. Pessoa and J. Torregrosa, Piecewise linear perturbations of a linear center, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 33 (2013), 3915-3936. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.3915.

[8]

F. Dumortier and C. Li, Perturbations from an elliptic Hamiltonian of degree four II. cuspidal loop, J. Differential Equations, 175 (2001), 209-243. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.2000.3978.

[9]

A.F. Filippov, Differential Equations with Discontinuous Right hand Sides, Kluwer Academic, Netherlands, 1988. Available from: http://zh.bookzz.org/book/1049223/dbd89b. doi: 10.1007/978-94-015-7793-9.

[10]

M. Han and W. Zhang, On Hopf bifurcation in non-smooth planar systems, J. Differential Equations, 248 (2010), 2399-2416. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2009.10.002.

[11]

M. Han, J. Yang and D. Xiao, Limit cycle bifurcations near a double homoclinic loop with a nilpotent saddle, Internat. J. Bifur. Chaos, 22 (2012), 1250189, 33pp. doi: 10.1142/S0218127412501891.

[12]

M. Han, H. Zang and J. Yang, Limit cycle bifurcations by perturbing a cuspidal loop in a Hamiltonian system, J. Differential Equations, 246 (2009), 129-163. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2008.06.039.

[13]

A. Jacquemard and M. A. Teixeira, Periodic solutions of a class of non-autonomous second order differential equations with discontinuous right-hand side, Phys. D, 241 (2012), 2003-2009. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2011.05.011.

[14]

D. John and W. Simpson, Bifurcations in Piecewise-smooth Continuous Systems, World Scientific, Singapore, 2010. Available from: http://zh.bookzz.org/book/1270815/2cadf8.

[15]

R. Kazemi and H. Zangeneh, Bifurcation of limit cycles in small perturbations of a hyperelliptic Hamiltonian system with two nilpotent saddles, J. Appl. Anal. Comput., 2 (2012), 395-413. Available from: http://jaac-online.com/index.php/jaac/article/view/96.

[16]

M. Kunze, Piecewise Smooth Dynamical Systems, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000. doi: 10.1007/BFb0103843.

[17]

F. Liang and M. Han, Limit cycles near generalized homoclinic and double homoclinic loops in piecewise smooth systems, Chaos Solitons Fract., 45 (2012), 454-464. doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2011.09.013.

[18]

F. Liang, M. Han and X. Zhang, Bifurcation of limit cycles from generalized homoclinic loops in planar piecewise smooth systems, J. Differential Equations, 255 (2013), 4403-4436. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2013.08.013.

[19]

X. Liu and M. Han, Bifurcation of limit cycles by perturbing piecewise Hamiltonian systems, Internat. J. Bifur. Chaos, 20 (2010), 1379-1390. doi: 10.1142/S021812741002654X.

[20]

J. Llibre, B. D. Lopes and J. R. De Moraes, Limit cycles for a class of continuous and discontinuous cubic polynomial differential systems, Qual. Theory Dyn. Syst., 13 (2014), 129-148. doi: 10.1007/s12346-014-0109-9.

[21]

J. Llibre, E. Ponce and F. Torres, On the existence and uniqueness of limit cycles in Liénard differential equations allowing discontinuities, Nonlinearity, 21 (2008), 2121-2142. doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/21/9/013.

[22]

J. Llibre, M. Ordóñez and E. Ponce, On the existence and uniqueness of limit cycles in planar continuous piecewise linear systems without symmetry, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 14 (2013), 2002-2012. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2013.02.004.

[23]

J. Llibre, E. Ponce and X. Zhang, Existence of piecewise linear differential systems with exactly $n$ limit cycles for all $n\in \mathbb N$, Nonlinear Anal., 54 (2003), 977-994. doi: 10.1016/S0362-546X(03)00122-6.

[24]

J. Llibre, P. R. da Silva and M. A. Teixeira, Study of singularities in nonsmooth dynamical systems via singular perturbation, SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst., 8 (2009), 508-526. doi: 10.1137/080722886.

[25]

D. Pi, J. Yu and X. Zhang, On the sliding bifurcation of a class of planar Filippov systems, Internat. J. Bifur. Chaos, 23 (2013), 1350040, 18pp. doi: 10.1142/S0218127413500405.

[26]

D. Pi and X. Zhang, The sliding bifurcations in planar piecewise smooth differential systems, J. Dyn. Diff. Equat., 25 (2013), 1001-1026. doi: 10.1007/s10884-013-9327-0.

[27]

E. Pratt, A. Léger and X. Zhang, Study of a transition in the qualitative behavior of a simple oscillator with Coulomb friction, Nonlinear Dynam., 74 (2013), 517-531. doi: 10.1007/s11071-013-0985-6.

[28]

R. Prohens and A. E. Teruel, Canard trajectories in $3D$ piecewise linear systems, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 33 (2013), 4595-4611. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.4595.

[29]

M. A. Teixeira and P. R. da Silva, Regularization and singular perturbation techniques for non-smooth systems, Phys. D, 241 (2012), 1948-1955. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2011.06.022.

[30]

J. Wang and D. Xiao, On the number of limit cycles in small perturbations of a class of hyper-elliptic Hamiltonian systems with one nilpotent saddle, J. Differential Equations, 250 (2011), 2227-2243. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2010.11.004.

[31]

L. Wei, F. Liang and S. Lu, Limit cycle bifurcations near a generalized homoclinic loop in piecewise smooth systems with a hyperbolic saddle on a switch line, Appl. Math. Comput., 243 (2014), 298-310. doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2014.05.041.

[32]

L. Zhao, The perturbations of a class of hyper-elliptic Hamilton systems with a double homoclinic loop through a nilpotent saddle, Nonlinear Anal., 95 (2014), 374-387. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2013.09.020.

show all references

References:
[1]

R. Asheghi and H. Zangeneh, Bifurcation of limit cycles for a quintic Hamiltonian system with a double cuspidal loop, Comput. Math. Appl., 59 (2010), 1409-1418. doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2009.12.024.

[2]

A. Atabaigi, H. Zangeneh and R. Kazemi, Limit cycle bifurcation by perturbing a cuspidal loop of order 2 in a Hamiltonian system, Nonlinear Anal., 75 (2012), 1945-1958. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2011.09.044.

[3]

M. di Bernardo, C. J. Budd, A. R. Champneys and P. Kowalczyk, Piecewise-Smooth Dynamical Systems, Theory and Applications, Springer-Verlag, London, 2008. Available from: http://zh.bookzz.org/book/1174967/8d438a.

[4]

B. Brogliato, Nonsmooth Impact Mechanics, Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, 220, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996.

[5]

C.A. Buzzi, T. de Carvalho and M.A. Teixeira, Birth of limit cycles bifurcating from a nonsmooth center, J. Math. Pures Appl., 102 (2014), 36-47. doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2013.10.013.

[6]

C. A. Buzzi, J. C. R. Medrado and M. A. Teixeira, Generic bifurcation of refracted systems, Adv. Math., 234 (2013), 653-666. doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2012.11.008.

[7]

C. Buzzi, C. Pessoa and J. Torregrosa, Piecewise linear perturbations of a linear center, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 33 (2013), 3915-3936. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.3915.

[8]

F. Dumortier and C. Li, Perturbations from an elliptic Hamiltonian of degree four II. cuspidal loop, J. Differential Equations, 175 (2001), 209-243. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.2000.3978.

[9]

A.F. Filippov, Differential Equations with Discontinuous Right hand Sides, Kluwer Academic, Netherlands, 1988. Available from: http://zh.bookzz.org/book/1049223/dbd89b. doi: 10.1007/978-94-015-7793-9.

[10]

M. Han and W. Zhang, On Hopf bifurcation in non-smooth planar systems, J. Differential Equations, 248 (2010), 2399-2416. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2009.10.002.

[11]

M. Han, J. Yang and D. Xiao, Limit cycle bifurcations near a double homoclinic loop with a nilpotent saddle, Internat. J. Bifur. Chaos, 22 (2012), 1250189, 33pp. doi: 10.1142/S0218127412501891.

[12]

M. Han, H. Zang and J. Yang, Limit cycle bifurcations by perturbing a cuspidal loop in a Hamiltonian system, J. Differential Equations, 246 (2009), 129-163. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2008.06.039.

[13]

A. Jacquemard and M. A. Teixeira, Periodic solutions of a class of non-autonomous second order differential equations with discontinuous right-hand side, Phys. D, 241 (2012), 2003-2009. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2011.05.011.

[14]

D. John and W. Simpson, Bifurcations in Piecewise-smooth Continuous Systems, World Scientific, Singapore, 2010. Available from: http://zh.bookzz.org/book/1270815/2cadf8.

[15]

R. Kazemi and H. Zangeneh, Bifurcation of limit cycles in small perturbations of a hyperelliptic Hamiltonian system with two nilpotent saddles, J. Appl. Anal. Comput., 2 (2012), 395-413. Available from: http://jaac-online.com/index.php/jaac/article/view/96.

[16]

M. Kunze, Piecewise Smooth Dynamical Systems, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000. doi: 10.1007/BFb0103843.

[17]

F. Liang and M. Han, Limit cycles near generalized homoclinic and double homoclinic loops in piecewise smooth systems, Chaos Solitons Fract., 45 (2012), 454-464. doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2011.09.013.

[18]

F. Liang, M. Han and X. Zhang, Bifurcation of limit cycles from generalized homoclinic loops in planar piecewise smooth systems, J. Differential Equations, 255 (2013), 4403-4436. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2013.08.013.

[19]

X. Liu and M. Han, Bifurcation of limit cycles by perturbing piecewise Hamiltonian systems, Internat. J. Bifur. Chaos, 20 (2010), 1379-1390. doi: 10.1142/S021812741002654X.

[20]

J. Llibre, B. D. Lopes and J. R. De Moraes, Limit cycles for a class of continuous and discontinuous cubic polynomial differential systems, Qual. Theory Dyn. Syst., 13 (2014), 129-148. doi: 10.1007/s12346-014-0109-9.

[21]

J. Llibre, E. Ponce and F. Torres, On the existence and uniqueness of limit cycles in Liénard differential equations allowing discontinuities, Nonlinearity, 21 (2008), 2121-2142. doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/21/9/013.

[22]

J. Llibre, M. Ordóñez and E. Ponce, On the existence and uniqueness of limit cycles in planar continuous piecewise linear systems without symmetry, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 14 (2013), 2002-2012. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2013.02.004.

[23]

J. Llibre, E. Ponce and X. Zhang, Existence of piecewise linear differential systems with exactly $n$ limit cycles for all $n\in \mathbb N$, Nonlinear Anal., 54 (2003), 977-994. doi: 10.1016/S0362-546X(03)00122-6.

[24]

J. Llibre, P. R. da Silva and M. A. Teixeira, Study of singularities in nonsmooth dynamical systems via singular perturbation, SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst., 8 (2009), 508-526. doi: 10.1137/080722886.

[25]

D. Pi, J. Yu and X. Zhang, On the sliding bifurcation of a class of planar Filippov systems, Internat. J. Bifur. Chaos, 23 (2013), 1350040, 18pp. doi: 10.1142/S0218127413500405.

[26]

D. Pi and X. Zhang, The sliding bifurcations in planar piecewise smooth differential systems, J. Dyn. Diff. Equat., 25 (2013), 1001-1026. doi: 10.1007/s10884-013-9327-0.

[27]

E. Pratt, A. Léger and X. Zhang, Study of a transition in the qualitative behavior of a simple oscillator with Coulomb friction, Nonlinear Dynam., 74 (2013), 517-531. doi: 10.1007/s11071-013-0985-6.

[28]

R. Prohens and A. E. Teruel, Canard trajectories in $3D$ piecewise linear systems, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 33 (2013), 4595-4611. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.4595.

[29]

M. A. Teixeira and P. R. da Silva, Regularization and singular perturbation techniques for non-smooth systems, Phys. D, 241 (2012), 1948-1955. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2011.06.022.

[30]

J. Wang and D. Xiao, On the number of limit cycles in small perturbations of a class of hyper-elliptic Hamiltonian systems with one nilpotent saddle, J. Differential Equations, 250 (2011), 2227-2243. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2010.11.004.

[31]

L. Wei, F. Liang and S. Lu, Limit cycle bifurcations near a generalized homoclinic loop in piecewise smooth systems with a hyperbolic saddle on a switch line, Appl. Math. Comput., 243 (2014), 298-310. doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2014.05.041.

[32]

L. Zhao, The perturbations of a class of hyper-elliptic Hamilton systems with a double homoclinic loop through a nilpotent saddle, Nonlinear Anal., 95 (2014), 374-387. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2013.09.020.

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