# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

June  2016, 36(6): 3153-3225. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016.36.3153

## Homoclinic orbits with many loops near a $0^2 i\omega$ resonant fixed point of Hamiltonian systems

 1 IUT de Lannion, Rue Edouard Branly, BP 30219, 22302 Lannion cedex, France 2 CEREMADE, UMR CNRS 7534 et PSL, Université Paris - Dauphine, Place du Maréchal De Lattre De Tassigny, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France 3 Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France

Received  September 2014 Revised  September 2015 Published  December 2015

In this paper we study the dynamics near the equilibrium point of a family of Hamiltonian systems in the neighborhood of a $0^2i\omega$ resonance. The existence of a family of periodic orbits surrounding the equilibrium is well-known and we show here the existence of homoclinic connections with several loops for every periodic orbit close to the origin, except the origin itself. The same problem was studied before for reversible non Hamiltonian vector fields, and the splitting of the homoclinic orbits lead to exponentially small terms which prevent the existence of homoclinic connections with one loop to exponentially small periodic orbits. The same phenomenon occurs here but we get round this difficulty thanks to geometric arguments specific to Hamiltonian systems and by studying homoclinic orbits with many loops.
Citation: Tiphaine Jézéquel, Patrick Bernard, Eric Lombardi. Homoclinic orbits with many loops near a $0^2 i\omega$ resonant fixed point of Hamiltonian systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2016, 36 (6) : 3153-3225. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016.36.3153
##### References:
 [1] P. Bernard, Homoclinic orbit to a center manifold,, Calc. Var., 17 (2003), 121. doi: 10.1007/s00526-002-0162-0. Google Scholar [2] P. Bernard, Homoclinic orbits in families of hypersurfaces with hyperbolic periodic orbits,, J. Differential Equations, 180 (2002), 427. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.2001.4062. Google Scholar [3] P. Bernard, C. Grotta Ragazzo and P. A. S. Salomao, Homoclinic orbits near saddle-center fixed points of Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom,, Geometric Methods in Dynamics (I) - Volume in honor of Jacob Palis, 286 (2003), 151. Google Scholar [4] G. D. Birkhoff, Dynamical Systems,, A.M.S. Coll. Publications, (1927). Google Scholar [5] C. Conley, Twist mappings, linking, analyticity, and periodic solutions which pass close to an unstable periodic solution,, in Topological Dynamics (Sympos, (1967), 129. Google Scholar [6] C. Conley, On the ultimate behavior of orbits with respect to an unstable critical point. I Oscillating, asymptotic and capture orbits,, Journ. Diff. Eqns., 5 (1969), 136. doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(69)90108-9. Google Scholar [7] C. Elphick, E. Tirapegui, M. E. Brachet, P. Coullet and G. Iooss, A simple global characterization for normal forms of singular vector fields,, Physica D, 29 (1987), 95. doi: 10.1016/0167-2789(87)90049-2. Google Scholar [8] C. Grotta Ragazzo, Irregular dynamics and homoclinic orbits to Hamiltonian Saddle-Centers,, Comm. Pure App. Math. L, 50 (1997), 105. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0312(199702)50:2<105::AID-CPA1>3.0.CO;2-G. Google Scholar [9] C. Grotta Ragazzo, On the stability of double homoclinic loops,, Comm. Math. Phys., 184 (1997), 251. doi: 10.1007/s002200050060. Google Scholar [10] M. Haragus and G. Iooss, Local Bifurcations, Center Manifolds, and Normal Forms in Infinite Dimensional Dynamical Systems,, Springer Verlag London, (2011). doi: 10.1007/978-0-85729-112-7. Google Scholar [11] G. Iooss and K. Kirchgässner, Water waves for small surface tension: An approach via normal form,, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 122 (1992), 267. doi: 10.1017/S0308210500021119. Google Scholar [12] G. Iooss and K. Kirchgässner, Travelling waves in a chain of coupled nonlinear oscillators,, Comm. Math. Phys., 211 (2000), 439. doi: 10.1007/s002200050821. Google Scholar [13] G. Iooss and E. Lombardi, Normal forms with exponentially small remainder: Application to homoclinic connections for the reversible $0^{2+}\i\omega$ resonance,, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris, 339 (2004), 831. doi: 10.1016/j.crma.2004.10.002. Google Scholar [14] G. Iooss and M.-C. Pérouème, Perturbed homoclinic solutions in 1:1 resonance vector fields,, J. Differential Equations, 102 (1993), 62. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1993.1022. Google Scholar [15] T. Jézéquel, Formes normales de champs de vecteurs: restes exponentiellement petits dans le cas non autonome périodique et orbites homoclines à plusieurs boucles au voisinage de la résonance $0^2\i\omega$ Hamiltonienne,, Phd thesis, (2011). Google Scholar [16] K. Kirchgässner, Wave solutions of reversible systems and applications,, J. Diff. Equ., 45 (1982), 113. doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(82)90058-4. Google Scholar [17] E. Lombardi, Orbits homoclinic to exponentially small periodic orbits for a class of reversible systems. Application to water waves,, Arch. Rationnal Mech. Anal., 137 (1997), 227. doi: 10.1007/s002050050029. Google Scholar [18] E. Lombardi, Oscillatory Integrals and Phenomena Beyond all Algebraic Orders,, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, (1741). doi: 10.1007/BFb0104102. Google Scholar [19] A. Mielke, P. Holmes and O. O'Reilly, Cascades of homoclinic orbits to, and chaos near, a Hamiltonian saddle center,, J. Dyn. Diff. Eqns., 4 (1992), 95. doi: 10.1007/BF01048157. Google Scholar [20] J. Moser, On invariant curves of area-preserving mappings of an annulus,, Nachr. Akad. Wiss. Gottingen Math.-Phys., 1962 (1962), 1. Google Scholar [21] J. Moser, On the generalization of a theorem of A. Liapounoff,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 11 (1958), 257. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160110208. Google Scholar [22] H. Rüssmann, Über das Verhalten analytischer Hamiltonscher Differentialgleichungen in der Nähe einer Gleichgewichtslösung,, Math. Annalen, 154 (1964), 285. doi: 10.1007/BF01362565. Google Scholar [23] S. M. Sun, Non-existence of truly solitary waves in water with small surface tension,, Proc. Roy. London A, 455 (1999), 2191. doi: 10.1098/rspa.1999.0399. Google Scholar

show all references

##### References:
 [1] P. Bernard, Homoclinic orbit to a center manifold,, Calc. Var., 17 (2003), 121. doi: 10.1007/s00526-002-0162-0. Google Scholar [2] P. Bernard, Homoclinic orbits in families of hypersurfaces with hyperbolic periodic orbits,, J. Differential Equations, 180 (2002), 427. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.2001.4062. Google Scholar [3] P. Bernard, C. Grotta Ragazzo and P. A. S. Salomao, Homoclinic orbits near saddle-center fixed points of Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom,, Geometric Methods in Dynamics (I) - Volume in honor of Jacob Palis, 286 (2003), 151. Google Scholar [4] G. D. Birkhoff, Dynamical Systems,, A.M.S. Coll. Publications, (1927). Google Scholar [5] C. Conley, Twist mappings, linking, analyticity, and periodic solutions which pass close to an unstable periodic solution,, in Topological Dynamics (Sympos, (1967), 129. Google Scholar [6] C. Conley, On the ultimate behavior of orbits with respect to an unstable critical point. I Oscillating, asymptotic and capture orbits,, Journ. Diff. Eqns., 5 (1969), 136. doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(69)90108-9. Google Scholar [7] C. Elphick, E. Tirapegui, M. E. Brachet, P. Coullet and G. Iooss, A simple global characterization for normal forms of singular vector fields,, Physica D, 29 (1987), 95. doi: 10.1016/0167-2789(87)90049-2. Google Scholar [8] C. Grotta Ragazzo, Irregular dynamics and homoclinic orbits to Hamiltonian Saddle-Centers,, Comm. Pure App. Math. L, 50 (1997), 105. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0312(199702)50:2<105::AID-CPA1>3.0.CO;2-G. Google Scholar [9] C. Grotta Ragazzo, On the stability of double homoclinic loops,, Comm. Math. Phys., 184 (1997), 251. doi: 10.1007/s002200050060. Google Scholar [10] M. Haragus and G. Iooss, Local Bifurcations, Center Manifolds, and Normal Forms in Infinite Dimensional Dynamical Systems,, Springer Verlag London, (2011). doi: 10.1007/978-0-85729-112-7. Google Scholar [11] G. Iooss and K. Kirchgässner, Water waves for small surface tension: An approach via normal form,, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 122 (1992), 267. doi: 10.1017/S0308210500021119. Google Scholar [12] G. Iooss and K. Kirchgässner, Travelling waves in a chain of coupled nonlinear oscillators,, Comm. Math. Phys., 211 (2000), 439. doi: 10.1007/s002200050821. Google Scholar [13] G. Iooss and E. Lombardi, Normal forms with exponentially small remainder: Application to homoclinic connections for the reversible $0^{2+}\i\omega$ resonance,, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris, 339 (2004), 831. doi: 10.1016/j.crma.2004.10.002. Google Scholar [14] G. Iooss and M.-C. Pérouème, Perturbed homoclinic solutions in 1:1 resonance vector fields,, J. Differential Equations, 102 (1993), 62. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1993.1022. Google Scholar [15] T. Jézéquel, Formes normales de champs de vecteurs: restes exponentiellement petits dans le cas non autonome périodique et orbites homoclines à plusieurs boucles au voisinage de la résonance $0^2\i\omega$ Hamiltonienne,, Phd thesis, (2011). Google Scholar [16] K. Kirchgässner, Wave solutions of reversible systems and applications,, J. Diff. Equ., 45 (1982), 113. doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(82)90058-4. Google Scholar [17] E. Lombardi, Orbits homoclinic to exponentially small periodic orbits for a class of reversible systems. Application to water waves,, Arch. Rationnal Mech. Anal., 137 (1997), 227. doi: 10.1007/s002050050029. Google Scholar [18] E. Lombardi, Oscillatory Integrals and Phenomena Beyond all Algebraic Orders,, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, (1741). doi: 10.1007/BFb0104102. Google Scholar [19] A. Mielke, P. Holmes and O. O'Reilly, Cascades of homoclinic orbits to, and chaos near, a Hamiltonian saddle center,, J. Dyn. Diff. Eqns., 4 (1992), 95. doi: 10.1007/BF01048157. Google Scholar [20] J. Moser, On invariant curves of area-preserving mappings of an annulus,, Nachr. Akad. Wiss. Gottingen Math.-Phys., 1962 (1962), 1. Google Scholar [21] J. Moser, On the generalization of a theorem of A. Liapounoff,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 11 (1958), 257. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160110208. Google Scholar [22] H. Rüssmann, Über das Verhalten analytischer Hamiltonscher Differentialgleichungen in der Nähe einer Gleichgewichtslösung,, Math. Annalen, 154 (1964), 285. doi: 10.1007/BF01362565. Google Scholar [23] S. M. Sun, Non-existence of truly solitary waves in water with small surface tension,, Proc. Roy. London A, 455 (1999), 2191. doi: 10.1098/rspa.1999.0399. Google Scholar
 [1] Amadeu Delshams, Pere Gutiérrez. Exponentially small splitting for whiskered tori in Hamiltonian systems: continuation of transverse homoclinic orbits. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2004, 11 (4) : 757-783. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2004.11.757 [2] Francisco Balibrea, J.L. García Guirao, J.I. Muñoz Casado. A triangular map on $I^{2}$ whose $\omega$-limit sets are all compact intervals of $\{0\}\times I$. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2002, 8 (4) : 983-994. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2002.8.983 [3] Christopher K. R. T. Jones, Siu-Kei Tin. Generalized exchange lemmas and orbits heteroclinic to invariant manifolds. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2009, 2 (4) : 967-1023. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2009.2.967 [4] Ying Lv, Yan-Fang Xue, Chun-Lei Tang. Homoclinic orbits for a class of asymptotically quadratic Hamiltonian systems. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2019, 18 (5) : 2855-2878. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2019128 [5] Karsten Matthies. Exponentially small splitting of homoclinic orbits of parabolic differential equations under periodic forcing. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2003, 9 (3) : 585-602. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2003.9.585 [6] Ricardo Miranda Martins. Formal equivalence between normal forms of reversible and hamiltonian dynamical systems. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2014, 13 (2) : 703-713. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2014.13.703 [7] Roberta Fabbri, Carmen Núñez, Ana M. Sanz. A perturbation theorem for linear Hamiltonian systems with bounded orbits. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2005, 13 (3) : 623-635. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2005.13.623 [8] Fei Liu, Jaume Llibre, Xiang Zhang. Heteroclinic orbits for a class of Hamiltonian systems on Riemannian manifolds. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2011, 29 (3) : 1097-1111. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2011.29.1097 [9] Xiaocai Wang, Junxiang Xu, Dongfeng Zhang. A KAM theorem for the elliptic lower dimensional tori with one normal frequency in reversible systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2017, 37 (4) : 2141-2160. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2017092 [10] Addolorata Salvatore. Multiple homoclinic orbits for a class of second order perturbed Hamiltonian systems. Conference Publications, 2003, 2003 (Special) : 778-787. doi: 10.3934/proc.2003.2003.778 [11] Qinqin Zhang. Homoclinic orbits for discrete Hamiltonian systems with indefinite linear part. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2015, 14 (5) : 1929-1940. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2015.14.1929 [12] Juntao Sun, Jifeng Chu, Zhaosheng Feng. Homoclinic orbits for first order periodic Hamiltonian systems with spectrum point zero. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2013, 33 (8) : 3807-3824. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.3807 [13] Qinqin Zhang. Homoclinic orbits for discrete Hamiltonian systems with local super-quadratic conditions. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2019, 18 (1) : 425-434. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2019021 [14] Jun Wang, Junxiang Xu, Fubao Zhang. Homoclinic orbits for a class of Hamiltonian systems with superquadratic or asymptotically quadratic potentials. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2011, 10 (1) : 269-286. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2011.10.269 [15] Cyril Joel Batkam. Homoclinic orbits of first-order superquadratic Hamiltonian systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2014, 34 (9) : 3353-3369. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2014.34.3353 [16] Amadeu Delshams, Pere Gutiérrez, Tere M. Seara. Exponentially small splitting for whiskered tori in Hamiltonian systems: flow-box coordinates and upper bounds. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2004, 11 (4) : 785-826. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2004.11.785 [17] P. De Maesschalck. Gevrey normal forms for nilpotent contact points of order two. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2014, 34 (2) : 677-688. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2014.34.677 [18] Xingwu Chen, Weinian Zhang. Normal forms of planar switching systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2016, 36 (12) : 6715-6736. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016092 [19] Asaf Kislev. Compactly supported Hamiltonian loops with a non-zero Calabi invariant. Electronic Research Announcements, 2014, 21: 80-88. doi: 10.3934/era.2014.21.80 [20] Arturo Echeverría-Enríquez, Alberto Ibort, Miguel C. Muñoz-Lecanda, Narciso Román-Roy. Invariant forms and automorphisms of locally homogeneous multisymplectic manifolds. Journal of Geometric Mechanics, 2012, 4 (4) : 397-419. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2012.4.397

2018 Impact Factor: 1.143