American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

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February  2016, 36(2): 917-939. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016.36.917

Infinitely many positive and sign-changing solutions for nonlinear fractional scalar field equations

Wei Long 1, , Shuangjie Peng 1, and  Jing Yang 2,

1. 

School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
2. 

Department of Mathematics, Huazhong Normal University,Wuhan, 430079

Received  March 2014 Revised  January 2015 Published  August 2015

We consider the following nonlinear fractional scalar field equation $$ (-\Delta)^s u + u = K(|x|)u^p,\ \ u > 0 \ \ \hbox{in}\ \ \mathbb{R}^N, $$ where $K(|x|)$ is a positive radial function, $N\ge 2$, $0 < s < 1$, and $1 < p < \frac{N+2s}{N-2s}$. Under various asymptotic assumptions on $K(x)$ at infinity, we show that this problem has infinitely many non-radial positive solutions and sign-changing solutions, whose energy can be made arbitrarily large.
Keywords: Fractional Laplacian, reduction method., nonlinear scalar field equation.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 35J20, 35J6.
Citation: Wei Long, Shuangjie Peng, Jing Yang. Infinitely many positive and sign-changing solutions for nonlinear fractional scalar field equations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2016, 36 (2) : 917-939. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016.36.917
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X. Kang and J. Wei, On interacting bumps of semi-classical states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Adv. Differential Equations, 5 (2000), 899-928.  Google Scholar

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M. K. Kwong, Uniqueness of positive solutions of $\Delta u-u+u^p = 0$ in $\mathbbR^n$, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 105 (1989), 243-266. doi: 10.1007/BF00251502.  Google Scholar

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A. J. Majda, D. W. McLaughlin and E. G. Tabak, A one-dimensional model for dispersive wave turbulence, J. Nonlinear Sci., 7 (1997), 9-44. doi: 10.1007/BF02679124.  Google Scholar

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[31]

P. L. Lions, The concentration-compactness principle in the calculus of variations. The locally compact case. I., Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Lineaire, 1 (1984), 109-145.  Google Scholar

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P. L. Lions, The concentration-compactness principle in the calculus of variations. The locally compact case. II., Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Lineaire, 1 (1984), 223-283.  Google Scholar

[33]

E. Di Nezza, G. Palatucci and E. Valdinoci, Hitchhiker's guide to the fractional Sobolev spaces, Bull. Sci. Math., 136 (2012), 521-573. doi: 10.1016/j.bulsci.2011.12.004.  Google Scholar

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G. Palatucci and A. Pisante, Improved sobolev embeddings, profile decomposition and concentration-compactness for fractional sobolev spaces, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 50 (2014), 799-829. doi: 10.1007/s00526-013-0656-y.  Google Scholar

[35]

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[36]

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[37]

X. Wang, On concentration of positive bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Comm. Math. Phys., 153 (1993), 229-244. doi: 10.1007/BF02096642.  Google Scholar

[38]

J. Wei and S. Yan, Infinite many positive solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in $\mathbbR^n$, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 37 (2010), 423-439. doi: 10.1007/s00526-009-0270-1.  Google Scholar

[39]

J. Wei and S. Yan, Infinite many positive solutions for the prescribed scalar curvature problem on $\mathbbS^N$, J. Funct. Anal., 258 (2010), 3048-3081. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2009.12.008.  Google Scholar

[40]

M. Weinstein, Existence and dynamic stability of solitary wave solutions of equations arising in long wave propagation, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 12 (1987), 1133-1173. doi: 10.1080/03605308708820522.  Google Scholar

show all references

References:
[1]

L. Abdelouhab, J. L. Bona, M. Felland and J.-C. Saut, Nonlocal models for nonlinear, dispersive waves, Phys. D, 40 (1989), 360-392. doi: 10.1016/0167-2789(89)90050-X.  Google Scholar

[2]

W. Ao and J. Wei, Infinitely many positive solutions for nonlinear equations with non-symmetric potentials, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 51 (2014), 761-798. doi: 10.1007/s00526-013-0694-5.  Google Scholar

[3]

J. Byeon and Y. Oshita, Existence of multi-bump stading waves with a critical frequency for nonlinear schrödinger equations, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 29 (2005), 1877-1904. doi: 10.1081/PDE-200040205.  Google Scholar

[4]

X. Cabré and J. Tan, Positive solutions of nonlinear problems involving the square root of the Laplacian, Adv. Math., 224 (2010), 2052-2093. doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2010.01.025.  Google Scholar

[5]

L. Caffarelli and L. Silvestre, An extension problem related to the fractional Laplacian, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 32 (2007), 1245-1260. doi: 10.1080/03605300600987306.  Google Scholar

[6]

D. Cao and S. Peng, Multi-bump bound states of Schrödinger equations with a critical frequency, Math. Ann., 336 (2006), 925-948. doi: 10.1007/s00208-006-0021-y.  Google Scholar

[7]

A. Capella, J. Dávila, L. Dupaigne and Y. Sire, Regularity of radial extremal solutions for some non-local semilinear equations, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 36 (2011), 1353-1384. doi: 10.1080/03605302.2011.562954.  Google Scholar

[8]

G. Cerami, G. Devillanova and S. Solimini, Infinitely many bound states for some nonlinear scalar field equations, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 23 (2005), 139-168. doi: 10.1007/s00526-004-0293-6.  Google Scholar

[9]

G. Cerami, D. Passaseo and S. Solimini, Infinitely many positive solutions to some scalar field equation with non-symmetric coefficients, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 66 (2013), 372-413. doi: 10.1002/cpa.21410.  Google Scholar

[10]

S.-M. Chang, S. Gustafson, K. Nakanishi and T.-P. Tsai, Spectra of linearized operators for NLS solitary waves,, SIAM. J. Math. Anal., 39 (): 1070.  doi: 10.1137/050648389.  Google Scholar

[11]

W. Chen, C. Li and B. Ou, Classification of solutions for an integral equation, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 59 (2006), 330-343. doi: 10.1002/cpa.20116.  Google Scholar

[12]

G. Chen and Y. Zhang, Concentration phenomenon for fractionsl nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal., 13 (2014), 2359-2376. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2014.13.2359.  Google Scholar

[13]

T. D'Aprile and A. Pistoia, Existence, multiplicity and profile of sign-changing clustered solutions of a semiclassical nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 26 (2009), 1423-1451. doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2009.01.002.  Google Scholar

[14]

J. Dávila, M. Del Pino and J. Wei, Concentrating standing waves for fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation, J. Differerntial Equations, 256 (2014), 858-892. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2013.10.006.  Google Scholar

[15]

M. del Pino and P. Felmer, Local mountain passes for semilinear elliptic problems in unbounded domains, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 4 (1996), 121-137. doi: 10.1007/BF01189950.  Google Scholar

[16]

G. Devillanova and S. Solimini, Min-max solutions to some scalar field equations, Adv. Nonlinear Stud., 12 (2012), 173-186.  Google Scholar

[17]

W. Ding and W. M. Ni, On the existence of positive entire solutions of a semilinear elliptic equation, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 91 (1986), 283-308. doi: 10.1007/BF00282336.  Google Scholar

[18]

P. Felmer, A. Quass and J. Tan, Positive solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the fractional Laplacian, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A, 142 (2012), 1237-1262. doi: 10.1017/S0308210511000746.  Google Scholar

[19]

R. L. Frank and E. Lenzmann, Uniqueness of non-linear ground states for fractional Laplacians in $\mathbbR$, Acta Math., 210 (2013), 261-318. doi: 10.1007/s11511-013-0095-9.  Google Scholar

[20]

R. L. Frank, E. Lenzmann and L. Silvestre, Uniqueness of radial solutions for the fractional Laplacian,, , ().   Google Scholar

[21]

A. Elgart and B. Schlein, Mean field dynamics of boson stars, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 60 (2007), 500-545. doi: 10.1002/cpa.20134.  Google Scholar

[22]

X. Kang and J. Wei, On interacting bumps of semi-classical states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Adv. Differential Equations, 5 (2000), 899-928.  Google Scholar

[23]

M. K. Kwong, Uniqueness of positive solutions of $\Delta u-u+u^p = 0$ in $\mathbbR^n$, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 105 (1989), 243-266. doi: 10.1007/BF00251502.  Google Scholar

[24]

N. Laskin, Fractional quantum mechanics and Lévy path integrals, Phys. Lett. A, 268 (2000), 298-305. doi: 10.1016/S0375-9601(00)00201-2.  Google Scholar

[25]

N. Laskin, Fractional Schrödinger equation, Phys. Rev. E, 66 (2002), 056108, 7 pp. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.056108.  Google Scholar

[26]

A. J. Majda, D. W. McLaughlin and E. G. Tabak, A one-dimensional model for dispersive wave turbulence, J. Nonlinear Sci., 7 (1997), 9-44. doi: 10.1007/BF02679124.  Google Scholar

[27]

M. Maris, On the existence, regularity and decay of solitary waves to a generalized Benjamin-Ono equation, Nonlinear Anal., 51 (2002), 1073-1085. doi: 10.1016/S0362-546X(01)00880-X.  Google Scholar

[28]

E. S. Noussair and S. Yan, On positive multipeak solutions of a nonlinear elliptic problem, J. Lond. Math. Soc., 62 (2000), 213-227. doi: 10.1112/S002461070000898X.  Google Scholar

[29]

E. S. Noussair and S. Yan, The effect of the domain geometry in singular perturbation problems, Proc. London Math. Soc., 76 (1998), 427-452. doi: 10.1112/S0024611598000148.  Google Scholar

[30]

E. H. Lieb and H.-T. Yau, The Chandrasekhar theory of stellar collapse as the limit of quantum mechanics, Comm. Math. Phys., 112 (1987), 147-174. doi: 10.1007/BF01217684.  Google Scholar

[31]

P. L. Lions, The concentration-compactness principle in the calculus of variations. The locally compact case. I., Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Lineaire, 1 (1984), 109-145.  Google Scholar

[32]

P. L. Lions, The concentration-compactness principle in the calculus of variations. The locally compact case. II., Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Lineaire, 1 (1984), 223-283.  Google Scholar

[33]

E. Di Nezza, G. Palatucci and E. Valdinoci, Hitchhiker's guide to the fractional Sobolev spaces, Bull. Sci. Math., 136 (2012), 521-573. doi: 10.1016/j.bulsci.2011.12.004.  Google Scholar

[34]

G. Palatucci and A. Pisante, Improved sobolev embeddings, profile decomposition and concentration-compactness for fractional sobolev spaces, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 50 (2014), 799-829. doi: 10.1007/s00526-013-0656-y.  Google Scholar

[35]

Y. Sire and E. Valdinoci, Fractional Laplacian phase transitions and boundary reactions: a geometric inequality and a symmetry result, J. Funct. Anal., 256 (2009), 1842-1864. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2009.01.020.  Google Scholar

[36]

J. Tan, The Brezis-Nirenberg type problem involving the square root of the Laplacian, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 42 (2011), 21-41. doi: 10.1007/s00526-010-0378-3.  Google Scholar

[37]

X. Wang, On concentration of positive bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Comm. Math. Phys., 153 (1993), 229-244. doi: 10.1007/BF02096642.  Google Scholar

[38]

J. Wei and S. Yan, Infinite many positive solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in $\mathbbR^n$, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 37 (2010), 423-439. doi: 10.1007/s00526-009-0270-1.  Google Scholar

[39]

J. Wei and S. Yan, Infinite many positive solutions for the prescribed scalar curvature problem on $\mathbbS^N$, J. Funct. Anal., 258 (2010), 3048-3081. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2009.12.008.  Google Scholar

[40]

M. Weinstein, Existence and dynamic stability of solitary wave solutions of equations arising in long wave propagation, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 12 (1987), 1133-1173. doi: 10.1080/03605308708820522.  Google Scholar

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