Generalizing ideas of MacKay, and MacKay and Saffman, a necessary condition for the presence of high-frequency (i.e., not modulational) instabilities of small-amplitude periodic solutions of Hamiltonian partial differential equations is presented, entirely in terms of the Hamiltonian of the linearized problem. With the exception of a Krein signature calculation, the theory is completely phrased in terms of the dispersion relation of the linear problem. The general theory changes as the Poisson structure of the Hamiltonian partial differential equation is changed. Two important cases of such Poisson structures are worked out in full generality. An example not fitting these two important cases is presented as well, using a candidate Boussinesq-Whitham equation.
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Figure 2. Colliding eigenvalues in the complex plane as a parameter is increased. On the left, two eigenvalues are moving towards each other on the positive imaginary axis, accompanied by a complex conjugate pair on the negative imaginary axis. In the middle, the eigenvalues in each pair have collided. On the right, a Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation occurs: the collided eigenvalues separate, leaving the imaginary axis (implying that the two Krein signatures were different)
Figure 4.
The amplitude vs.
Figure 6.
(a) The profile of a
Figure 7.
(a) The dispersion relation for the Whitham equation (curve), together with the line through the origin of slope
Figure 8.
The graphical interpretation of the collision condition (4.10). The dashed curves are the graphs of the dispersion relations
Figure 9.
(a) The two branches of the dispersion relation for the Sine-Gordon equation. The line segment
Figure 10.
(a) A small-amplitude
Figure 12.
(a) The two branches of the dispersion relation for the water wave problem (
Figure 13.
(a) A small-amplitude traveling wave solution of the Boussines-Whitham equation (5.1) with
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