American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

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August  2017, 37(8): 4391-4398. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2017188

Exact azimuthal internal waves with an underlying current

Hung-Chu Hsu

Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan

Received  January 2017 Revised  May 2017 Published  April 2017

In this paper, we present an explicit and exact solution of the nonlinear governing equations including Coriolis and centripetal terms for internal azimuthal waves with a uniform current in the $\beta$-plane approximation near the equator. This solution is described in the Lagrangian framework. The unidirectional azimuthal internal trapped are symmetric about the equator and propagate eastward above the thermocline and beneath the near-surface layer.

Keywords: Exact solution, nonlinear geophysical internal wave, β-plane.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 76B55, 86A05, 76E30.
Citation: Hung-Chu Hsu. Exact azimuthal internal waves with an underlying current. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2017, 37 (8) : 4391-4398. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2017188
References:
[1]

A. Constantin, Edge waves along a sloping beach, J. Phys. A, 34 (2001), 9723-9731.  doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/34/45/311.  Google Scholar

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A. Constantin, The trajectories of particles in Stokes waves, Int. Math., 166 (2006), 523-535.  doi: 10.1007/s00222-006-0002-5.  Google Scholar

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A. Constantin and W. Strauss, Pressure beneath a Stokes wave, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 63 (2010), 533-557.  doi: 10.1002/cpa.20299.  Google Scholar

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A. Constantin, An exact solution for equatorially trapped waves, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 117 (2012), C05029.  doi: 10.1029/2012JC007879.  Google Scholar

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A. Constantin, Some three-dimensional nonlinear equatorial flows, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43 (2013), 165-175.  doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-062.1.  Google Scholar

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A. Constantin and P. Germain, Instability of some equatorially trapped waves, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118 (2013), 2802-2810.  doi: 10.1002/jgrc.20219.  Google Scholar

[7]

A. Constantin, Some nonlinear, Equatorial trapped, nonhydrostatic internal geophysical waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 44 (2014), 781-789.   Google Scholar

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A. Constantin and R. S. Johnson, The dynamics of waves interacting with the Equatorial Undercurrent, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 109 (2015), 311-358.  doi: 10.1080/03091929.2015.1066785.  Google Scholar

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A. Constantin and R. S. Johnson, An exact, steady, purely azimuthal equatorial flow with a free surface, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46 (2016), 1935-1945.  doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0205.1.  Google Scholar

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A. V. Fedorov and W. K. Melville, Kelvin fronts on the equatorial thermocline, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30 (2000), 1692-1705.  doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<1692:KFOTET>2.0.CO;2.  Google Scholar

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F. Gerstner, Theorie der Wellen samt einer daraus abgeleiteten Theorie der Deichprofile (in German), Ann. Phys., 2 (1809), 412-445.   Google Scholar

[12]

R. J. Greatbatch, Kelvin wave fronts, Rossby solitary waves and the nonlinear spin-up of the equatorial oceans, J. Geophys. Res., 90 (1985), 9097-9107.  doi: 10.1029/JC090iC05p09097.  Google Scholar

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D. Henry, The trajectories of particles in deep-water Stokes waves, Int. Math. Res. Not. Art., 2006 (2006), ID23405, 13pp.  doi: 10.1155/IMRN/2006/23405.  Google Scholar

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D. Henry, An exact solution for equatorial geophysical water waves with an underlying current, Eur. J. Mech. B Fluids, 38 (2013), 18-21.  doi: 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2012.10.001.  Google Scholar

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D. Henry, Internal equatorial water waves in the f-plane, J. Nonlinear Mathematical Physics, 22 (2015), 499-506.  doi: 10.1080/14029251.2015.1113046.  Google Scholar

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D. Henry and H. C. Hsu, Instability of internal equatorial water waves, J. Differ. Equ., 258 (2015), 1015-1024.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2014.08.019.  Google Scholar

[17]

D. Henry, Equatorially trapped nonlinear water waves in the β-plane approximation with centripetal forces, J. Fluid Mech., 804 (2016), R1, 11pp.  doi: 10.1017/jfm.2016.544.  Google Scholar

[18]

H. C. Hsu, Some nonlinear internal equatorial flow, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 18 (2014), 69-74.  doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2013.12.011.  Google Scholar

[19]

H. C. Hsu, An exact solution for nonlinear internal Equatorial waves in the f-plane approximation, J. Math. Fluid Mech., 16 (2014), 463-471.  doi: 10.1007/s00021-014-0168-3.  Google Scholar

[20]

H. C. Hsu, Some nonlinear internal equatorial waves with a strong underlying current, Appl. Math. Lett., 34 (2014), 1-6.  doi: 10.1016/j.aml.2014.03.005.  Google Scholar

[21]

H. C. Hsu, An exact solution for equatorial waves, Monatsh Math., 175 (2015), 143-152.  doi: 10.1007/s00605-014-0618-2.  Google Scholar

[22]

H. C. Hsu and C. I. Martin, Free-surface capillary-gravity azimuthal equatorial flows, Nonlinear Anal., 144 (2016), 1-9.  doi: 10.1016/j.na.2016.05.019.  Google Scholar

[23]

H. C. Hsu, Exact steady azimuthal equatorial internal waves in rotational stratified fluids, Preprint J. Math. Fluid Mech., (2017).   Google Scholar

[24]

D. Ionescu-Kruse, An exact solution for geophysical edge waves in the f-plane approximation, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 24 (2015), 190-195.  doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2015.02.002.  Google Scholar

[25]

T. Izumo, The Equatorial current, meridional overturning circulation, and their roles in mass and heat exchanges during the El Nino events in the tropical Pacific Ocean, Ocean Dyn., 55 (2005), 110-123.   Google Scholar

[26]

J. N. Moum, J. D. Nash and W. D. Smyth, Narrowband oscillations in the upper equatorial ocean. Part Ⅰ: Interpretation as shear instability, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 41 (2011), 397-411.  doi: 10.1175/2010JPO4450.1.  Google Scholar

show all references

References:
[1]

A. Constantin, Edge waves along a sloping beach, J. Phys. A, 34 (2001), 9723-9731.  doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/34/45/311.  Google Scholar

[2]

A. Constantin, The trajectories of particles in Stokes waves, Int. Math., 166 (2006), 523-535.  doi: 10.1007/s00222-006-0002-5.  Google Scholar

[3]

A. Constantin and W. Strauss, Pressure beneath a Stokes wave, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 63 (2010), 533-557.  doi: 10.1002/cpa.20299.  Google Scholar

[4]

A. Constantin, An exact solution for equatorially trapped waves, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 117 (2012), C05029.  doi: 10.1029/2012JC007879.  Google Scholar

[5]

A. Constantin, Some three-dimensional nonlinear equatorial flows, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43 (2013), 165-175.  doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-062.1.  Google Scholar

[6]

A. Constantin and P. Germain, Instability of some equatorially trapped waves, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118 (2013), 2802-2810.  doi: 10.1002/jgrc.20219.  Google Scholar

[7]

A. Constantin, Some nonlinear, Equatorial trapped, nonhydrostatic internal geophysical waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 44 (2014), 781-789.   Google Scholar

[8]

A. Constantin and R. S. Johnson, The dynamics of waves interacting with the Equatorial Undercurrent, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 109 (2015), 311-358.  doi: 10.1080/03091929.2015.1066785.  Google Scholar

[9]

A. Constantin and R. S. Johnson, An exact, steady, purely azimuthal equatorial flow with a free surface, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46 (2016), 1935-1945.  doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0205.1.  Google Scholar

[10]

A. V. Fedorov and W. K. Melville, Kelvin fronts on the equatorial thermocline, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30 (2000), 1692-1705.  doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<1692:KFOTET>2.0.CO;2.  Google Scholar

[11]

F. Gerstner, Theorie der Wellen samt einer daraus abgeleiteten Theorie der Deichprofile (in German), Ann. Phys., 2 (1809), 412-445.   Google Scholar

[12]

R. J. Greatbatch, Kelvin wave fronts, Rossby solitary waves and the nonlinear spin-up of the equatorial oceans, J. Geophys. Res., 90 (1985), 9097-9107.  doi: 10.1029/JC090iC05p09097.  Google Scholar

[13]

D. Henry, The trajectories of particles in deep-water Stokes waves, Int. Math. Res. Not. Art., 2006 (2006), ID23405, 13pp.  doi: 10.1155/IMRN/2006/23405.  Google Scholar

[14]

D. Henry, An exact solution for equatorial geophysical water waves with an underlying current, Eur. J. Mech. B Fluids, 38 (2013), 18-21.  doi: 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2012.10.001.  Google Scholar

[15]

D. Henry, Internal equatorial water waves in the f-plane, J. Nonlinear Mathematical Physics, 22 (2015), 499-506.  doi: 10.1080/14029251.2015.1113046.  Google Scholar

[16]

D. Henry and H. C. Hsu, Instability of internal equatorial water waves, J. Differ. Equ., 258 (2015), 1015-1024.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2014.08.019.  Google Scholar

[17]

D. Henry, Equatorially trapped nonlinear water waves in the β-plane approximation with centripetal forces, J. Fluid Mech., 804 (2016), R1, 11pp.  doi: 10.1017/jfm.2016.544.  Google Scholar

[18]

H. C. Hsu, Some nonlinear internal equatorial flow, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 18 (2014), 69-74.  doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2013.12.011.  Google Scholar

[19]

H. C. Hsu, An exact solution for nonlinear internal Equatorial waves in the f-plane approximation, J. Math. Fluid Mech., 16 (2014), 463-471.  doi: 10.1007/s00021-014-0168-3.  Google Scholar

[20]

H. C. Hsu, Some nonlinear internal equatorial waves with a strong underlying current, Appl. Math. Lett., 34 (2014), 1-6.  doi: 10.1016/j.aml.2014.03.005.  Google Scholar

[21]

H. C. Hsu, An exact solution for equatorial waves, Monatsh Math., 175 (2015), 143-152.  doi: 10.1007/s00605-014-0618-2.  Google Scholar

[22]

H. C. Hsu and C. I. Martin, Free-surface capillary-gravity azimuthal equatorial flows, Nonlinear Anal., 144 (2016), 1-9.  doi: 10.1016/j.na.2016.05.019.  Google Scholar

[23]

H. C. Hsu, Exact steady azimuthal equatorial internal waves in rotational stratified fluids, Preprint J. Math. Fluid Mech., (2017).   Google Scholar

[24]

D. Ionescu-Kruse, An exact solution for geophysical edge waves in the f-plane approximation, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 24 (2015), 190-195.  doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2015.02.002.  Google Scholar

[25]

T. Izumo, The Equatorial current, meridional overturning circulation, and their roles in mass and heat exchanges during the El Nino events in the tropical Pacific Ocean, Ocean Dyn., 55 (2005), 110-123.   Google Scholar

[26]

J. N. Moum, J. D. Nash and W. D. Smyth, Narrowband oscillations in the upper equatorial ocean. Part Ⅰ: Interpretation as shear instability, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 41 (2011), 397-411.  doi: 10.1175/2010JPO4450.1.  Google Scholar

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