Construction of solutions for some localized nonlinear Schrödinger equations

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February 2019, 39(2): 841-862. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2019035

Construction of solutions for some localized nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Olivier Bourget , Matias Courdurier ^, and Claudio Fernández

Departamento de Matemática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile

* Corresponding author: mcourdurier@mat.uc.cl

Received January 2018 Revised July 2018 Published November 2018

Fund Project: O. B. was partially supported by FONDECYT grant number 1161732. M. C. was partially supported by FONDECYT grant number 1141189. C. F. was partially supported by FONDECYT grant number 1141120

For an

$N$

-body system of linear Schrödinger equation with space dependent interaction between particles, one would expect that the corresponding one body equation, arising as a mean field approximation, would have a space dependent nonlinearity. With such motivation we consider the following model of a nonlinear reduced Schrödinger equation with space dependent nonlinearity

$\begin{align*}-\varphi''+V(x)h'(|\varphi|^2)\varphi = λ \varphi,\end{align*}$

where

$V(x) = -χ_{[-1,1]} (x)$

is minus the characteristic function of the interval

$[-1,1]$

and where

$h'$

is any continuous strictly increasing function. In this article, for any negative value of

$λ$

we present the construction and analysis of the infinitely many solutions of this equation, which are localized in space and hence correspond to bound-states of the associated time-dependent version of the equation.

Keywords: Nonlinear Schrödinger equation, bound states, solitons.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35J60, 35P30; Secondary: 35C08.

Citation: Olivier Bourget, Matias Courdurier, Claudio Fernández. Construction of solutions for some localized nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2019, 39 (2) : 841-862. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2019035

References:

[1]	M. J. Ablowitz, B. Prinari and A. D. Trubatch, Discrete and Continuous Nonlinear Schrödinger Systems, London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, 302, Cambridge University Press, 2004. Google Scholar
[2]	A. Ambrosetti, A. Malchiodi and D. Ruiz, Bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potentials vanishing at infinity, J. Anal. Math., 98 (2006), 317-348. doi: 10.1007/BF02790279. Google Scholar
[3]	G. Arioli and A. Szulkin, Semilinear Schrödinger equation in the presence of a magnetic field, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 170 (2003), 277-295. doi: 10.1007/s00205-003-0274-5. Google Scholar
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[7]	J. Byeon, L. Jeanjean and K. Tanaka, Standing waves for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with a general nonlinearity: one and two dimensional cases, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 33 (2008), 1113-1136. doi: 10.1080/03605300701518174. Google Scholar
[8]	C. Cacciapuoti, D. Finco, D. Noja and A. Teta, The NLS equation in dimension one with spatially concentrated nonlinearities: the point like limit, Lett. Math. Phys., 104 (2014), 1557-1570. doi: 10.1007/s11005-014-0725-y. Google Scholar
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[12]	H. Christianson, J. Marzuola, J. Metcalfe and M. Taylor, Nonlinear Bound States on Weakly Homogeneous Spaces, Communications in Partial Differential Equations, 39 (2014), 34-97. doi: 10.1080/03605302.2013.845044. Google Scholar
[13]	S. Cingolani, L. Jeanjean and K. Tanaka, Multiplicity of positive solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations concentrating at a potential well, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 53 (2015), 413-439. doi: 10.1007/s00526-014-0754-5. Google Scholar
[14]	S. Cingolani, L. Jeanjean and K. Tanaka, Multiple complex-valued solutions for nonlinear magnetic Schrödinger equations, J. Fixed Point Theory Appl., 19 (2017), 37-66. doi: 10.1007/s11784-016-0347-3. Google Scholar
[15]	D. G. Costa and H. Tehrani, On a class of asymptotically linear elliptic problems in ${\mathbb R}^N$, J. Differential Equations, 173 (2001), 470-494. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.2000.3944. Google Scholar
[16]	R. de Marchi and R. Ruviaro, Existence of solutions for a nonperiodic semilinear Schrödinger equation, Complex Var. Elliptic Equ., 61 (2016), 1290-1302. doi: 10.1080/17476933.2016.1167887. Google Scholar
[17]	F. Della Casa and A. Sacchetti, Stationary states for non linear one-dimensional Schrödinger equations with singular potential, Phys. D, 219 (2006), 60-68. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2006.05.014. Google Scholar
[18]	S. Deng, D. Garrido and M. Musso, Multiple blow-up solutions for an exponential nonlinearity with potential in ${\mathbb R}^2$, Nonlinear Anal., 119 (2015), 419-442. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2014.10.034. Google Scholar
[19]	Y. Ding and Z. Wang, Bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with magnetic fields, Annali di Matematica, 190 (2011), 427-451. doi: 10.1007/s10231-010-0157-y. Google Scholar
[20]	M. Fei and H. Yin, Bound states of asymptotically linear Schrödinger equations with compactly supported potential, Pacific J. of Math., 261 (2013), 335-367. doi: 10.2140/pjm.2013.261.335. Google Scholar
[21]	R. Fukuizumi and L. Jeanjean, Stability of standing waves for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with repulsive Dirac delta potential, Disc. and Cont. Dynamical Systems, 21 (2008), 121-136. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2008.21.121. Google Scholar
[22]	F. Gazzola, J. Serrin and M. Tang, Existence of ground states and free boundary problems for quasilinear elliptic operators, Adv. in Diff. Eq., 5 (2000), 1-30. Google Scholar
[23]	J. F. Lam, B. Lippmann and F. Tappert, Self-trapped laser beams in plasma, Physics of Fluids, 20 (1977), 1176. doi: 10.1063/1.861679. Google Scholar
[24]	M. Lewin, Mean-field limit of Bose systems: Rigorous results, Proceedings from the International Congress of Mathematical Physics at Santiago de Chile, 2015.Google Scholar
[25]	M. Lewin, P. T. Nam and N. Rougerie, Derivation of Hartree's theory for generic mean-field Bose systems, Adv. Math., 254 (2014), 570-621. doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2013.12.010. Google Scholar
[26]	M. Lewin, P. T. Nam and N. Rougerie, The mean-field approximation and the non-linear Schrödinger functional for trapped Bose gases, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 368 (2016), 6131-6157. doi: 10.1090/tran/6537. Google Scholar
[27]	Z. Liu, J. Su and T. Weth, Compactness results for Schrödinger equations with asymptotically linear terms, J. Differential Equations, 231 (2006), 501-512. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2006.05.007. Google Scholar
[28]	C. Liu, Z. Wangand and H.-S. Zhou, Asymptotically linear Schrödinger equation with potential vanishing at infinity, J. Differential Equations, 245 (2008), 201-222. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2008.01.006. Google Scholar
[29]	K. W. Mahmud, J. N. Kutz and W. P. Reinhardt, Bose-Einstein condensates in a one-dimensional double square well: Analytical solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Physical Review A, 66 (2002), 063607, 11 pages.Google Scholar
[30]	B. Malomed and D. Pelinovsky, Persistence of the Thomas-Fermi approximation for ground states of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation supported by the nonlinear confinement, Applied Mathematics Letters, 40 (2015), 45-48. doi: 10.1016/j.aml.2014.09.004. Google Scholar
[31]	M. I. Molina and C. A. Bustamante, The Attractive Nonlinear Delta-function Potential, American Journal of Physics 70, 67 (2002); doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1417529.Google Scholar
[32]	A. R. Nahmod, The nonlinear Schrödinger equation on tori: Integrating harmonic analysis, geometry, and probability, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.), 53 (2016), 57-91. doi: 10.1090/bull/1516. Google Scholar
[33]	D. E. Pelinovsky, Localization in Periodic Potentials. From Schr ödinger operators to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series), 1st Ed., Cambridge University Press, 2011. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511997754. Google Scholar
[34]	P. Pucci and R. Servadei, Existence, non-existence and regularity of radial ground states for p-Laplacian equations with singular weights, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré, 25 (2008), 505-537. doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2007.02.004. Google Scholar
[35]	J. J. Rasmussen and K. Rypdal, Blow-up in nonlinear Schrödinger equations-I, A general review, Physica Scripta, 33 (1986), 481-497. doi: 10.1088/0031-8949/33/6/001. Google Scholar
[36]	S. Sheng, F. Wang and T. An, Existence and multiplicity of positive bound states for Schrödinger equations, Boundary Value Problems, 2013 (2013), 11pp. doi: 10.1186/1687-2770-2013-271. Google Scholar
[37]	A. Soffer and M. I. Weinstein, Selection of the ground state for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Reviews in Mathematical Physics, 16 (2004), 977-1071. doi: 10.1142/S0129055X04002175. Google Scholar
[38]	C. Sourdis, On the existence of dark solitons of the defocusing cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with periodic inhomogeneous nonlinearity, Applied Mathematics Letters, 46 (2015), 123-126. doi: 10.1016/j.aml.2015.02.018. Google Scholar
[39]	C. Sulem and P.-L. Sulem, The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation. Self-focusing and Wave Collapse (Applied Mathematical Sciences), Springer, 1999. Google Scholar
[40]	T. Tao, Nonlinear Dispersive Equations. Local and Global Analysis (CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics), American Mathematical Society, 2006. doi: 10.1090/cbms/106. Google Scholar
[41]	T. Tao, A global compact attractor for high-dimensional defocusing non-linear Schrödinger equations with potential, Dynamics of PDE, 5 (2008), 101-116. doi: 10.4310/DPDE.2008.v5.n2.a1. Google Scholar
[42]	T. Tsai, Asymptotic dynamics of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with many bound states, J. Od Diff. Eq., 192 (2003), 225-282. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0396(03)00041-X. Google Scholar
[43]	C. E. Wayne and M. I. Weinstein, Dynamics of Partial Differential Equations (Frontiers in Applied Dynamical Systems: Reviews and Tutorials), Springer, 2015. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-19935-1. Google Scholar
[44]	M. Willem, Minimax Theorems (Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and Their Applications), Birkhäuser, 1996. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4146-1. Google Scholar

show all references

References:

[1]	M. J. Ablowitz, B. Prinari and A. D. Trubatch, Discrete and Continuous Nonlinear Schrödinger Systems, London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, 302, Cambridge University Press, 2004. Google Scholar
[2]	A. Ambrosetti, A. Malchiodi and D. Ruiz, Bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potentials vanishing at infinity, J. Anal. Math., 98 (2006), 317-348. doi: 10.1007/BF02790279. Google Scholar
[3]	G. Arioli and A. Szulkin, Semilinear Schrödinger equation in the presence of a magnetic field, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 170 (2003), 277-295. doi: 10.1007/s00205-003-0274-5. Google Scholar
[4]	J. Bourgain, On nonlinear Schrödinger equations in Les Relations Entre Les Mathématiques et la Physique Théorique, Inst. Hautes Études Sci., Bures-sur-Yvette, (1998), 11-21. Google Scholar
[5]	J. Bourgain, Global Solutions of Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations, American Mathematical Society Colloquium Publications, 46. American Mathematical Society, 1999. doi: 10.1090/coll/046. Google Scholar
[6]	N. Burq and M. Zworski, Instability for the Semiclassical Non-linear Schrödinger equation, Commun. Math. Phys., 260 (2005), 45-58. doi: 10.1007/s00220-005-1402-x. Google Scholar
[7]	J. Byeon, L. Jeanjean and K. Tanaka, Standing waves for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with a general nonlinearity: one and two dimensional cases, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 33 (2008), 1113-1136. doi: 10.1080/03605300701518174. Google Scholar
[8]	C. Cacciapuoti, D. Finco, D. Noja and A. Teta, The NLS equation in dimension one with spatially concentrated nonlinearities: the point like limit, Lett. Math. Phys., 104 (2014), 1557-1570. doi: 10.1007/s11005-014-0725-y. Google Scholar
[9]	R. Carretero-Gonzáaleza, J. D. Talley, C. Chong and B. A. Malomed, Multistable solitons in the cubic-quintic discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Physica D, 216 (2006), 77-89. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2006.01.022. Google Scholar
[10]	T. Cazenave, Semilinear Schrödinger Equations, Courant Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 10, American Mathematical Society, 2003. doi: 10.1090/cln/010. Google Scholar
[11]	T. Chen and N. Pavlović, The quintic NLS as the mean field limit of a boson gas with three-body interactions, J. Funct. Anal., 260 (2011), 959-997. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2010.11.003. Google Scholar
[12]	H. Christianson, J. Marzuola, J. Metcalfe and M. Taylor, Nonlinear Bound States on Weakly Homogeneous Spaces, Communications in Partial Differential Equations, 39 (2014), 34-97. doi: 10.1080/03605302.2013.845044. Google Scholar
[13]	S. Cingolani, L. Jeanjean and K. Tanaka, Multiplicity of positive solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations concentrating at a potential well, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 53 (2015), 413-439. doi: 10.1007/s00526-014-0754-5. Google Scholar
[14]	S. Cingolani, L. Jeanjean and K. Tanaka, Multiple complex-valued solutions for nonlinear magnetic Schrödinger equations, J. Fixed Point Theory Appl., 19 (2017), 37-66. doi: 10.1007/s11784-016-0347-3. Google Scholar
[15]	D. G. Costa and H. Tehrani, On a class of asymptotically linear elliptic problems in ${\mathbb R}^N$, J. Differential Equations, 173 (2001), 470-494. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.2000.3944. Google Scholar
[16]	R. de Marchi and R. Ruviaro, Existence of solutions for a nonperiodic semilinear Schrödinger equation, Complex Var. Elliptic Equ., 61 (2016), 1290-1302. doi: 10.1080/17476933.2016.1167887. Google Scholar
[17]	F. Della Casa and A. Sacchetti, Stationary states for non linear one-dimensional Schrödinger equations with singular potential, Phys. D, 219 (2006), 60-68. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2006.05.014. Google Scholar
[18]	S. Deng, D. Garrido and M. Musso, Multiple blow-up solutions for an exponential nonlinearity with potential in ${\mathbb R}^2$, Nonlinear Anal., 119 (2015), 419-442. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2014.10.034. Google Scholar
[19]	Y. Ding and Z. Wang, Bound states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with magnetic fields, Annali di Matematica, 190 (2011), 427-451. doi: 10.1007/s10231-010-0157-y. Google Scholar
[20]	M. Fei and H. Yin, Bound states of asymptotically linear Schrödinger equations with compactly supported potential, Pacific J. of Math., 261 (2013), 335-367. doi: 10.2140/pjm.2013.261.335. Google Scholar
[21]	R. Fukuizumi and L. Jeanjean, Stability of standing waves for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with repulsive Dirac delta potential, Disc. and Cont. Dynamical Systems, 21 (2008), 121-136. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2008.21.121. Google Scholar
[22]	F. Gazzola, J. Serrin and M. Tang, Existence of ground states and free boundary problems for quasilinear elliptic operators, Adv. in Diff. Eq., 5 (2000), 1-30. Google Scholar
[23]	J. F. Lam, B. Lippmann and F. Tappert, Self-trapped laser beams in plasma, Physics of Fluids, 20 (1977), 1176. doi: 10.1063/1.861679. Google Scholar
[24]	M. Lewin, Mean-field limit of Bose systems: Rigorous results, Proceedings from the International Congress of Mathematical Physics at Santiago de Chile, 2015.Google Scholar
[25]	M. Lewin, P. T. Nam and N. Rougerie, Derivation of Hartree's theory for generic mean-field Bose systems, Adv. Math., 254 (2014), 570-621. doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2013.12.010. Google Scholar
[26]	M. Lewin, P. T. Nam and N. Rougerie, The mean-field approximation and the non-linear Schrödinger functional for trapped Bose gases, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 368 (2016), 6131-6157. doi: 10.1090/tran/6537. Google Scholar
[27]	Z. Liu, J. Su and T. Weth, Compactness results for Schrödinger equations with asymptotically linear terms, J. Differential Equations, 231 (2006), 501-512. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2006.05.007. Google Scholar
[28]	C. Liu, Z. Wangand and H.-S. Zhou, Asymptotically linear Schrödinger equation with potential vanishing at infinity, J. Differential Equations, 245 (2008), 201-222. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2008.01.006. Google Scholar
[29]	K. W. Mahmud, J. N. Kutz and W. P. Reinhardt, Bose-Einstein condensates in a one-dimensional double square well: Analytical solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Physical Review A, 66 (2002), 063607, 11 pages.Google Scholar
[30]	B. Malomed and D. Pelinovsky, Persistence of the Thomas-Fermi approximation for ground states of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation supported by the nonlinear confinement, Applied Mathematics Letters, 40 (2015), 45-48. doi: 10.1016/j.aml.2014.09.004. Google Scholar
[31]	M. I. Molina and C. A. Bustamante, The Attractive Nonlinear Delta-function Potential, American Journal of Physics 70, 67 (2002); doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1417529.Google Scholar
[32]	A. R. Nahmod, The nonlinear Schrödinger equation on tori: Integrating harmonic analysis, geometry, and probability, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.), 53 (2016), 57-91. doi: 10.1090/bull/1516. Google Scholar
[33]	D. E. Pelinovsky, Localization in Periodic Potentials. From Schr ödinger operators to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series), 1st Ed., Cambridge University Press, 2011. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511997754. Google Scholar
[34]	P. Pucci and R. Servadei, Existence, non-existence and regularity of radial ground states for p-Laplacian equations with singular weights, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré, 25 (2008), 505-537. doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2007.02.004. Google Scholar
[35]	J. J. Rasmussen and K. Rypdal, Blow-up in nonlinear Schrödinger equations-I, A general review, Physica Scripta, 33 (1986), 481-497. doi: 10.1088/0031-8949/33/6/001. Google Scholar
[36]	S. Sheng, F. Wang and T. An, Existence and multiplicity of positive bound states for Schrödinger equations, Boundary Value Problems, 2013 (2013), 11pp. doi: 10.1186/1687-2770-2013-271. Google Scholar
[37]	A. Soffer and M. I. Weinstein, Selection of the ground state for nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Reviews in Mathematical Physics, 16 (2004), 977-1071. doi: 10.1142/S0129055X04002175. Google Scholar
[38]	C. Sourdis, On the existence of dark solitons of the defocusing cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with periodic inhomogeneous nonlinearity, Applied Mathematics Letters, 46 (2015), 123-126. doi: 10.1016/j.aml.2015.02.018. Google Scholar
[39]	C. Sulem and P.-L. Sulem, The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation. Self-focusing and Wave Collapse (Applied Mathematical Sciences), Springer, 1999. Google Scholar
[40]	T. Tao, Nonlinear Dispersive Equations. Local and Global Analysis (CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics), American Mathematical Society, 2006. doi: 10.1090/cbms/106. Google Scholar
[41]	T. Tao, A global compact attractor for high-dimensional defocusing non-linear Schrödinger equations with potential, Dynamics of PDE, 5 (2008), 101-116. doi: 10.4310/DPDE.2008.v5.n2.a1. Google Scholar
[42]	T. Tsai, Asymptotic dynamics of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with many bound states, J. Od Diff. Eq., 192 (2003), 225-282. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0396(03)00041-X. Google Scholar
[43]	C. E. Wayne and M. I. Weinstein, Dynamics of Partial Differential Equations (Frontiers in Applied Dynamical Systems: Reviews and Tutorials), Springer, 2015. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-19935-1. Google Scholar
[44]	M. Willem, Minimax Theorems (Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and Their Applications), Birkhäuser, 1996. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4146-1. Google Scholar

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