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June  2020, 40(6): 3427-3450. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020029

On the viscous Camassa-Holm equations with fractional diffusion

Zaihui Gan 1, , Fanghua Lin 2, and  Jiajun Tong 2,,

1. 

Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2. 

Courant Institute, New York University, 251 Mercer Street, New York, NY 10012, USA

* Corresponding author: Jiajun Tong

Dedicated to Professor Wei-Ming Ni with Respect

Received  December 2018 Revised  June 2019 Published  October 2019

We study Cauchy problem of a class of viscous Camassa-Holm equations (or Lagrangian averaged Navier-Stokes equations) with fractional diffusion in both smooth bounded domains and in the whole space in two and three dimensions. Order of the fractional diffusion is assumed to be $ 2s $ with $ s\in [n/4,1) $, which seems to be sharp for the validity of the main results of the paper; here $ n = 2,3 $ is the dimension of space. We prove global well-posedness in $ C_{[0,+\infty)}(D(A))\cap L^2_{[0,+\infty),loc}(D(A^{1+s/2})) $ whenever the initial data $ u_0\in D(A) $, where $ A $ is the Stokes operator. We also prove that such global solutions gain regularity instantaneously after the initial time. A bound on a higher-order spatial norm is also obtained.

Keywords: Viscous Camassa-Holm equations, Lagrangian averaged Navier-Stokes equations, fractional diffusion, global well-posedness, improved regularity.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35A01, 35Q35; Secondary: 35G25, 35K30.
Citation: Zaihui Gan, Fanghua Lin, Jiajun Tong. On the viscous Camassa-Holm equations with fractional diffusion. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2020, 40 (6) : 3427-3450. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020029
References:
[1]

C. Bjorland, Decay asymptotics of the viscous Camassa-Holm equations in the plane, SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, 40 (2008), 516-539.  doi: 10.1137/070684070.

[2]

C. Bjorland and M. E. Schonbek, On questions of decay and existence for the viscous Camassa-Holm equations, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 25 (2008), 907-936.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2007.07.003.

[3]

L. A. Caffarelli and A. Vasseur, Drift diffusion equations with fractional diffusion and the quasi-geostrophic equation, Ann. of Math., 171 (2010), 1903-1930.  doi: 10.4007/annals.2010.171.1903.

[4]

S. Chen, C. Foias, D. D. Holm, E. Olson, E. S. Titi and S. Wynne, The Camassa-Holm equations and turbulence, Predictability: Quantifying uncertainty in models of complex phenomena (Los Alamos, NM, 1998), Phys. D, 133 (1999), 49-65.  doi: 10.1016/S0167-2789(99)00098-6.

[5]

S. Chen, C. Foias, D. D. Holm, E. Olson, E. S. Titi and S. Wynne, Camassa-Holm equations as a closure model for turbulent channel and pipe flow,, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81 (1998), 5338-5341. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5338.

[6]

S. Chen, D. D. Holm, L. G. Margolin and R. Zhang, Direct numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes alpha model, Predictability: Quantifying uncertainty in models of complex phenomena (Los Alamos, NM, 1998), Phys. D, 133 (1999), 66-83.  doi: 10.1016/S0167-2789(99)00099-8.

[7]

A. Cheskidov, Boundary layer for the Navier-Stokes-alpha model of fluid turbulence, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 172 (2004), 333-362.  doi: 10.1007/s00205-004-0305-x.

[8]

M. Colombo, C. De Lellis and L. De Rosa, Ill-posedness of Leray solutions for the ipodissipative Navier-Stokes equations, Comm. Math. Phys., 362 (2018), 659-688. doi: 10.1007/s00220-018-3177-x.

[9]

P. Constantin, D. Córdoba, F. Gancedo, L. Rodriguez-Piazza and R. M. Strain, On the Muskat problem: Global in time results in 2D and 3D, Amer. J. Math., 138 (2016), 1455-1494.  doi: 10.1353/ajm.2016.0044.

[10]

P. Constantin, T. Elgindi, M. Ignatova and V. Vicol, On some electroconvection models, J. Nonlinear Sci., 27 (2017), 197-211.  doi: 10.1007/s00332-016-9329-2.

[11]

P. Constantin, A. J. Majda and E. Tabak, Formation of strong fronts in the 2-D quasigeostrophic thermal active scalar, Nonlinearity, 7 (1994), 1495-1533. doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/7/6/001.

[12]

P. Constantin and H. Q. Nguyen, Local and global strong solutions for SQG in bounded domains, Phys. D, 376/377 (2018), 195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2017.08.008.

[13]

A. Córdoba, D. Córdoba and M. A. Fontelos, Formation of singularities for a transport equation with nonlocal velocity, Ann. of Math., 162 (2005), 1377-1389.  doi: 10.4007/annals.2005.162.1377.

[14]

A. Córdoba, D. Córdoba and F. Gancedo, Interface evolution: The Hele-Shaw and Muskat problems, Ann. of Math., 173 (2011), 477-542.  doi: 10.4007/annals.2011.173.1.10.

[15]

D. Coutand, J. Peirce and S. Shkoller, Global well-posedness of weak solutions for the Lagrangian averaged Navier-Stokes equations on bounded domains, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal., 1 (2002), 35-50.  doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2002.1.35.

[16]

C. Foias, D. D. Holm and E. S. Titi, The Navier-Stokes-alpha model of fluid turbulence, Phys. D, 152/153 (2001), 505-519.  doi: 10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00191-9.

[17]

C. Foias, D. D. Holm and E. S. Titi, The three dimensional viscous Camassa-Holm equations, and their relation to the Navier-Stokes equations and turbulence theory, J. Dynam. Differential Equations, 14 (2002), 1-35.  doi: 10.1023/A:1012984210582.

[18]

H. Fujita and T. Kato, On the Navier-Stokes initial value problem. Ⅰ, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 16 (1964), 269-315.  doi: 10.1007/BF00276188.

[19]

Y. Giga, Solutions for semilinear parabolic equations in ${L}^p$ and regularity of weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes system, J. Differential Equations, 62 (1986), 186-212.  doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(86)90096-3.

[20]

Y. Giga and T. Miyakawa, Solutions in ${L}^r$ of the Navier-Stokes initial value problem, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 89 (1985), 267-281.  doi: 10.1007/BF00276875.

[21]

D. D. Holm, Fluctuation effects on 3D Lagrangian mean and Eulerian mean fluid motion, Predictability: Quantifying uncertainty in models of complex phenomena (Los Alamos, NM, 1998), Phys. D, 133 (1999), 215-269.  doi: 10.1016/S0167-2789(99)00093-7.

[22]

D. D. Holm, Karman-Howarth theorem for the Lagrangian-averaged Navier-Stokes-alpha model of turbulence, J. Fluid Mech., 467 (2002), 205-214.  doi: 10.1017/S002211200200160X.

[23]

D. D. Holm, J. E. Marsden and T. S. Ratiu, The Euler-Poincaré equations and semidirect products with applications to continuum theories, Adv. Math., 137 (1998), 1-81.  doi: 10.1006/aima.1998.1721.

[24]

D. D. Holm, J. E. Marsden and T. S. Ratiu, Euler-poincaré models of ideal fluids with nonlinear dispersion, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80 (1998), 4173. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.4173.

[25]

A. A. Kiselev and O. A. Ladyzhenskaya, On the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the nonstationary problem for a viscous, incompressible fluid, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR. Ser. Mat., 21 (1957), 655-680. 

[26]

F. -H. Lin and J. Tong, Solvability of the stokes immersed boundary problem in two dimensions, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 72 (2019), 159-226.  doi: 10.1002/cpa.21764.

[27]

J. L. Lions and E. Magenes, Non-homogeneous Boundary Value Problems and Applications, Vol. Ⅰ. Translated from the French by P. Kenneth. Die Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, Band 181, Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg, 1972.

[28]

J. E. Marsden and S. Shkoller, Global well-posedness for the Lagrangian averaged Navier-Stokes (LANS-$\alpha$) equations on bounded domains, Topological methods in the physical sciences (London, 2000), R. Soc. Lond. Philos. Trans. Ser. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 359 (2001), 1449-1468.  doi: 10.1098/rsta.2001.0852.

[29]

J. E. Marsden and S. Shkoller, The anisotropic Lagrangian averaged Euler and Navier-Stokes equations, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 166 (2003), 27-46.  doi: 10.1007/s00205-002-0207-8.

[30]

K. Mohseni, B. Kosović, S. Shkoller and J. E. Marsden, Numerical simulations of the Lagrangian averaged Navier-Stokes equations for homogeneous isotropic turbulence, Phys. Fluids, 15 (2003), 524-544.  doi: 10.1063/1.1533069.

[31]

S. Shkoller, Analysis on groups of diffeomorphisms of manifolds with boundary and the averaged motion of a fluid, J. Differential Geom., 55 (2000), 145-191.  doi: 10.4310/jdg/1090340568.

[32]

R. Temam, Navier-Stokes Equations, Theory and numerical analysis. With an appendix by F. Thomasset. Third edition. Studies in Mathematics and its Applications, 2, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1984.

show all references

References:
[1]

C. Bjorland, Decay asymptotics of the viscous Camassa-Holm equations in the plane, SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, 40 (2008), 516-539.  doi: 10.1137/070684070.

[2]

C. Bjorland and M. E. Schonbek, On questions of decay and existence for the viscous Camassa-Holm equations, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 25 (2008), 907-936.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2007.07.003.

[3]

L. A. Caffarelli and A. Vasseur, Drift diffusion equations with fractional diffusion and the quasi-geostrophic equation, Ann. of Math., 171 (2010), 1903-1930.  doi: 10.4007/annals.2010.171.1903.

[4]

S. Chen, C. Foias, D. D. Holm, E. Olson, E. S. Titi and S. Wynne, The Camassa-Holm equations and turbulence, Predictability: Quantifying uncertainty in models of complex phenomena (Los Alamos, NM, 1998), Phys. D, 133 (1999), 49-65.  doi: 10.1016/S0167-2789(99)00098-6.

[5]

S. Chen, C. Foias, D. D. Holm, E. Olson, E. S. Titi and S. Wynne, Camassa-Holm equations as a closure model for turbulent channel and pipe flow,, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81 (1998), 5338-5341. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5338.

[6]

S. Chen, D. D. Holm, L. G. Margolin and R. Zhang, Direct numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes alpha model, Predictability: Quantifying uncertainty in models of complex phenomena (Los Alamos, NM, 1998), Phys. D, 133 (1999), 66-83.  doi: 10.1016/S0167-2789(99)00099-8.

[7]

A. Cheskidov, Boundary layer for the Navier-Stokes-alpha model of fluid turbulence, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 172 (2004), 333-362.  doi: 10.1007/s00205-004-0305-x.

[8]

M. Colombo, C. De Lellis and L. De Rosa, Ill-posedness of Leray solutions for the ipodissipative Navier-Stokes equations, Comm. Math. Phys., 362 (2018), 659-688. doi: 10.1007/s00220-018-3177-x.

[9]

P. Constantin, D. Córdoba, F. Gancedo, L. Rodriguez-Piazza and R. M. Strain, On the Muskat problem: Global in time results in 2D and 3D, Amer. J. Math., 138 (2016), 1455-1494.  doi: 10.1353/ajm.2016.0044.

[10]

P. Constantin, T. Elgindi, M. Ignatova and V. Vicol, On some electroconvection models, J. Nonlinear Sci., 27 (2017), 197-211.  doi: 10.1007/s00332-016-9329-2.

[11]

P. Constantin, A. J. Majda and E. Tabak, Formation of strong fronts in the 2-D quasigeostrophic thermal active scalar, Nonlinearity, 7 (1994), 1495-1533. doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/7/6/001.

[12]

P. Constantin and H. Q. Nguyen, Local and global strong solutions for SQG in bounded domains, Phys. D, 376/377 (2018), 195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2017.08.008.

[13]

A. Córdoba, D. Córdoba and M. A. Fontelos, Formation of singularities for a transport equation with nonlocal velocity, Ann. of Math., 162 (2005), 1377-1389.  doi: 10.4007/annals.2005.162.1377.

[14]

A. Córdoba, D. Córdoba and F. Gancedo, Interface evolution: The Hele-Shaw and Muskat problems, Ann. of Math., 173 (2011), 477-542.  doi: 10.4007/annals.2011.173.1.10.

[15]

D. Coutand, J. Peirce and S. Shkoller, Global well-posedness of weak solutions for the Lagrangian averaged Navier-Stokes equations on bounded domains, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal., 1 (2002), 35-50.  doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2002.1.35.

[16]

C. Foias, D. D. Holm and E. S. Titi, The Navier-Stokes-alpha model of fluid turbulence, Phys. D, 152/153 (2001), 505-519.  doi: 10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00191-9.

[17]

C. Foias, D. D. Holm and E. S. Titi, The three dimensional viscous Camassa-Holm equations, and their relation to the Navier-Stokes equations and turbulence theory, J. Dynam. Differential Equations, 14 (2002), 1-35.  doi: 10.1023/A:1012984210582.

[18]

H. Fujita and T. Kato, On the Navier-Stokes initial value problem. Ⅰ, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 16 (1964), 269-315.  doi: 10.1007/BF00276188.

[19]

Y. Giga, Solutions for semilinear parabolic equations in ${L}^p$ and regularity of weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes system, J. Differential Equations, 62 (1986), 186-212.  doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(86)90096-3.

[20]

Y. Giga and T. Miyakawa, Solutions in ${L}^r$ of the Navier-Stokes initial value problem, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 89 (1985), 267-281.  doi: 10.1007/BF00276875.

[21]

D. D. Holm, Fluctuation effects on 3D Lagrangian mean and Eulerian mean fluid motion, Predictability: Quantifying uncertainty in models of complex phenomena (Los Alamos, NM, 1998), Phys. D, 133 (1999), 215-269.  doi: 10.1016/S0167-2789(99)00093-7.

[22]

D. D. Holm, Karman-Howarth theorem for the Lagrangian-averaged Navier-Stokes-alpha model of turbulence, J. Fluid Mech., 467 (2002), 205-214.  doi: 10.1017/S002211200200160X.

[23]

D. D. Holm, J. E. Marsden and T. S. Ratiu, The Euler-Poincaré equations and semidirect products with applications to continuum theories, Adv. Math., 137 (1998), 1-81.  doi: 10.1006/aima.1998.1721.

[24]

D. D. Holm, J. E. Marsden and T. S. Ratiu, Euler-poincaré models of ideal fluids with nonlinear dispersion, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80 (1998), 4173. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.4173.

[25]

A. A. Kiselev and O. A. Ladyzhenskaya, On the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the nonstationary problem for a viscous, incompressible fluid, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR. Ser. Mat., 21 (1957), 655-680. 

[26]

F. -H. Lin and J. Tong, Solvability of the stokes immersed boundary problem in two dimensions, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 72 (2019), 159-226.  doi: 10.1002/cpa.21764.

[27]

J. L. Lions and E. Magenes, Non-homogeneous Boundary Value Problems and Applications, Vol. Ⅰ. Translated from the French by P. Kenneth. Die Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, Band 181, Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg, 1972.

[28]

J. E. Marsden and S. Shkoller, Global well-posedness for the Lagrangian averaged Navier-Stokes (LANS-$\alpha$) equations on bounded domains, Topological methods in the physical sciences (London, 2000), R. Soc. Lond. Philos. Trans. Ser. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 359 (2001), 1449-1468.  doi: 10.1098/rsta.2001.0852.

[29]

J. E. Marsden and S. Shkoller, The anisotropic Lagrangian averaged Euler and Navier-Stokes equations, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 166 (2003), 27-46.  doi: 10.1007/s00205-002-0207-8.

[30]

K. Mohseni, B. Kosović, S. Shkoller and J. E. Marsden, Numerical simulations of the Lagrangian averaged Navier-Stokes equations for homogeneous isotropic turbulence, Phys. Fluids, 15 (2003), 524-544.  doi: 10.1063/1.1533069.

[31]

S. Shkoller, Analysis on groups of diffeomorphisms of manifolds with boundary and the averaged motion of a fluid, J. Differential Geom., 55 (2000), 145-191.  doi: 10.4310/jdg/1090340568.

[32]

R. Temam, Navier-Stokes Equations, Theory and numerical analysis. With an appendix by F. Thomasset. Third edition. Studies in Mathematics and its Applications, 2, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1984.

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