Stability of Broucke's isosceles orbit

Skyler Simmons

doi:10.3934/dcds.2021015

Article Contents

2021, Volume 41, Issue 8: 3759-3779. Doi: 10.3934/dcds.2021015

This issue Previous Article Martin boundary of brownian motion on Gromov hyperbolic metric graphs Next Article Chaotic Delone sets

Stability of Broucke's isosceles orbit

Skyler Simmons

Mathematics Department, Utah Valley University, 800 W University Parkway, Orem, UT 84058, USA

Received: July 2020

Revised: October 2020

Early access: January 2021

Published: August 2021

Abstract Full Text(HTML) Figure(10) Related Papers Cited by

Abstract

We extend the result of Yan to Broucke's isosceles orbit with masses $ m_1 $, $ m_1 $, and $ m_2 $ with $ 2m_1 + m_2 = 3 $. Under suitable changes of variables, isolated binary collisions between the two mass $ m_1 $ particles are regularizable. We analytically extend a method of Roberts to perform linear stability analysis in this setting. Linear stability is reduced to computing three entries of a $ 4 \times 4 $ matrix related to the monodromy matrix. Additionally, it is shown that the four-degrees-of-freedom setting has a two-degrees-of-freedom invariant set, and linear stability results in the subset comes "for free" from the calculation in the full space. The final numerical analysis shows that the four-degrees-of-freedom orbit is linearly unstable except for the interval $ 0.595 < m_1 < 0.715 $, whereas the two-degrees-of-freedom orbit is linearly stable for a much wider interval.

Keywords:

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 70F16; Secondary: 37N05, 37J25.

Citation:

Full Text(HTML)

Figure 1. The coordinates for Broucke's Orbit

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 2. Broucke's orbit as it evolves in time. One-quarter period is shown. The remainder of the orbit is obtained by a symmetric extension

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 3. A plot of the value of $ Q_4(0) $. The value of $ m_1 $ is plotted on the horizontal axis

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 4. A plot of the numerically-computed upper-left entry $ k_{11} $ from the matrix $ K $ in Equation 11 (vertical) against $ m_1 $ (horizontal)

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 5. A vertically rescaled plot of the graph from Figure 4

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 6. A plot of the value of $ e $ from Equation (11) corresponding to stability in the 2DF setting

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 7. A vertically rescaled plot of the value of $ e $. The curve appears to be asymptotic to the line $ y = 1 $ as $ m_1 \to 0^- $

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 8. A plot of the second non-trivial eigenvalue of $ K $

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 9. A vertically rescaled plot of the value of the second non-trivial eigenvalue of $ K $. For the values of $ m_1 \in [0.595, 0.715] $, this second eigenvalue lies within the interval $ [-1, 1] $

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 10. Both eigenvalue plots superimposed. The two graphs cross at roughly $ m_1 = 0.71 $, where the difference between the two is numerically $ 0.000429 $

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Related Papers

Cited by

References

[1]	L. Bakker and S. Simmons, Stability of the rhomboidal symmetric-mass orbit, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 35 (2015), 1-23. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2015.35.1.
[2]	L. F. Bakker, S. C. Mancuso and S. C. Simmons, Linear stability for some symmetric periodic simultaneous binary collision orbits in the planar pairwise symmetric four-body problem, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 392 (2012), 136–147, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10569-010-9325-z. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2012.03.022.
[3]	L. F. Bakker, T. Ouyang, D. Yan and S. Simmons, Existence and stability of symmetric periodic simultaneous binary collision orbits in the planar pairwise symmetric four-body problem, Celestial Mech. Dynam. Astronom., 110 (2011), 271-290. doi: 10.1007/s10569-011-9358-y.
[4]	L. F. Bakker, T. Ouyang, D. Yan and S. Simmons, Erratum to: Existence and stability of symmetric periodic simultaneous binary collision orbits in the planar pairwise symmetric four-body problem [mr2821623], Celestial Mech. Dynam. Astronom., 112 (2012), 459-460. doi: 10.1007/s10569-012-9402-6.
[5]	L. F. Bakker, T. Ouyang, D. Yan, S. Simmons and G. E. Roberts, Linear stability for some symmetric periodic simultaneous binary collision orbits in the four-body problem, Celestial Mech. Dynam. Astronom., 108 (2010), 147-164. doi: 10.1007/s10569-010-9298-y.
[6]	R. Broucke, On the isosceles triangle configuration in the planar general three body problem, Astron. Astrophys., 73 (1979), 303–313, URL https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2015.35.1.
[7]	M. Hénon, Stability of interplay oribts, Cel. Mech., 15 (1977), 243-261. doi: 10.1007/BF01228465.
[8]	J. Hietarinta and S. Mikkola, Chaos in the one-dimensional gravitational three-body problem, Chaos, 3 (1993), 183-203. doi: 10.1063/1.165984.
[9]	Y. Long, Index Theory for Symplectic Paths with Applications, vol. 207 of Progress in Mathematics, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2002. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8175-3.
[10]	R. Martínez, On the existence of doubly symmetric "Schubart-like" periodic orbits, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 17 (2012), 943-975. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2012.17.943.
[11]	R. McGehee, Triple collision in the collinear three-body problem, Invent. Math., 27 (1974), 191-227. doi: 10.1007/BF01390175.
[12]	K. R. Meyer, G. R. Hall and D. Offin, Introduction to Hamiltonian Dynamical Systems and the $N$-body Problem, vol. 90 of Applied Mathematical Sciences, 2nd edition, Springer, New York, 2009.
[13]	R. Moeckel, A topological existence proof for the Schubart orbits in the collinear three-body problem, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 10 (2008), 609-620. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2008.10.609.
[14]	R. Moeckel and R. Montgomery, Symmetric regularization, reduction and blow-up of the planar three-body problem, Pacific J. Math., 262 (2013), 129-189. doi: 10.2140/pjm.2013.262.129.
[15]	T. Ouyang and D. Yan, Periodic solutions with alternating singularities in the collinear four-body problem, Celestial Mech. Dynam. Astronom., 109 (2011), 229-239. doi: 10.1007/s10569-010-9325-z.
[16]	T. Ouyang, S. C. Simmons and D. Yan, Periodic solutions with singularities in two dimensions in the $n$-body problem, Rocky Mtn. J. Math., 42 (2012), 1601-1614. doi: 10.1216/RMJ-2012-42-5-1601.
[17]	G. E. Roberts, Linear stability analysis of the figure-eight orbit in the three-body problem, Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems, 27 (2007), 1947-1963. doi: 10.1017/S0143385707000284.
[18]	J. Schubart, Numerische Aufsuchung periodischer Lösungen im Dreikörperproblem, Astr. Nachr., 283 (1956), 17-22.
[19]	M. Shibayama, Minimizing periodic orbits with regularizable collisions in the $n$-body problem, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 199 (2011), 821-841. doi: 10.1007/s00205-010-0334-6.
[20]	W. L. Sweatman, The symmetrical one-dimensional Newtonian four-body problem: a numerical investigation, Celestial Mech. Dynam. Astronom., 82 (2002), 179-201. doi: 10.1023/A:1014599918133.
[21]	W. L. Sweatman, A family of symmetrical Schubart-like interplay orbits and their stability in the one-dimensional four-body problem, Celestial Mech. Dynam. Astronom., 94 (2006), 37-65. doi: 10.1007/s10569-005-2289-8.
[22]	A. Venturelli, A variational proof of the existence of von Schubart's orbit, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 10 (2008), 699-717. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2008.10.699.
[23]	D. Yan, Existence and linear stability of the rhomboidal periodic orbit in the planar equal mass four-body problem, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 388 (2012), 942-951. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.10.032.
[24]	D. Yan, Existence of the Broucke periodic orbit and its linear stability, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 389 (2012), 656-664. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.12.024.