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doi: 10.3934/dcds.2021034

## Local well-posedness for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation with $L^2$-subcritical data

 1 Department of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA 2 LMAM, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

* Corresponding author: Baoxiang Wang

Received  August 2020 Revised  January 2021 Published  February 2021

Fund Project: The second and third named authors were supported in part by NSFC grant 11771024

Considering the Cauchy problem of the derivative NLS
 \begin{align} {\rm i} u_{t} + \partial_{xx} u = {\rm i} \mu \partial_x (|u|^2u),\quad u(0,x) = u_0(x), \end{align}
we will show its local well-posedness in modulation spaces
 $M^{1/2}_{2,q}(\mathbb{R})$
 $(4{\leqslant} q<\infty)$
. It is well-known that
 $H^{1/2}$
is a critical Sobolev space of the derivative NLS. Noticing that
 $H^{1/2} \subset M^{1/2}_{2,q} \subset B^{1/q}_{2,q}$
 $(q{\geqslant} 2)$
are sharp inclusions, our result contains a class of functions in
 $L^2\setminus H^{1/2}$
.
Citation: Shaoming Guo, Xianfeng Ren, Baoxiang Wang. Local well-posedness for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation with $L^2$-subcritical data. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, doi: 10.3934/dcds.2021034
##### References:
 [1] H. Bahouri and G. Perelman, Global well-posedness for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Preprint, arXiv: 2012.01923. Google Scholar [2] Á. Bényi and K. A. Okoudjou, Local well-posedness of nonlinear dispersive equations on modulation spaces, Bull. Lond. Math. Soc., 41 (2009), 549-558.  doi: 10.1112/blms/bdp027.  Google Scholar [3] Á. Bényi, K. Gröchenig, K. A. Okoudjou and L. G. Rogers, Unimodular Fourier multipliers for modulation spaces, J. Funct. Anal., 246 (2007), 366-384.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2006.12.019.  Google Scholar [4] J. Bergh and J. Löfström, Interpolation Spaces, An Introduction, Springer-Verlag, 1976.  Google Scholar [5] H. A. Biagioni and F. Linares, Ill-posedness for the derivative Schrödinger and generalized Benjamin-Ono equations, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 353 (2001), 3649-3659.  doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-01-02754-4.  Google Scholar [6] J. Bourgain, Fourier transform restriction phenomena for certain lattice subsets and applications to nonlinear evolution equations. Ⅰ. Schrödinger equations, Geom. Funct. Anal., 3 (1993), 107-156.  doi: 10.1007/BF01896020.  Google Scholar [7] J. Bourgain, Fourier transform restriction phenomena for certain lattice subsets and applications to nonlinear evolution equations. Ⅱ. The KdV-equation, Geom. Funct. Anal., 3 (1993), 209-262.  doi: 10.1007/BF01895688.  Google Scholar [8] L. Chaichenets, D. Hundertmark, P. Kunstmann and N. Pattakos, On the existence of global solutions of the one-dimensional cubic NLS for initial data in the modulation space $M^{p, q}(\mathbb{R})$, J. Differential Equations, 263 (2017), 4429-4441.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2017.04.020.  Google Scholar [9] L. Chaichenets, D. Hundertmark, P. Kunstmann and N. Pattakos, Nonlinear Schrödinger equation, differentiation by parts and modulation spaces, J. Evol. Equ., 19 (2019), 803-843.  doi: 10.1007/s00028-019-00501-z.  Google Scholar [10] J. Chen, D. Fan and L. Sun, Asymptotic estimates for unimodular Fourier multipliers on modulation spaces, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 32 (2012), 467-485.  doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.467.  Google Scholar [11] M. J. Chen, B. X. Wang, S. X. Wang and M. W. Wong, On dissipative nonlinear evolutional pseudo-differential equations, Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal., 48 (2020), 182-217.  doi: 10.1016/j.acha.2018.04.003.  Google Scholar [12] A. Córdoba and C. Fefferman, Wave packets and Fourier integral operators, Commun. Partial Differ. Equations, 3 (1978), 979-1005.  doi: 10.1080/03605307808820083.  Google Scholar [13] E. Cordero and F. Nicola, Metaplectic representation on Wiener amalgam spaces and applications to the Schrödinger equation, J. Funct. Anal., 254 (2008), 506-534.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2007.09.015.  Google Scholar [14] E. Cordero and F. Nicola, Some new Strichartz estimates for the Schrödinger equation, J. Differential Equations, 245 (2008), 1945-1974.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2008.07.009.  Google Scholar [15] E. Cordero and F. Nicola, Remarks on Fourier multipliers and applications to the wave equation, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 353 (2009), 583-591.  doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2008.12.027.  Google Scholar [16] H. G. Feichtinger, Modulation Spaces on Locally Compact Abelian Group, Technical Report, University of Vienna, 1983. Google Scholar [17] K. Gröchenig, Foundations of Time-Frequency Analysis, Birkhäuser, 2001. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-0003-1.  Google Scholar [18] A. Grünrock, An improved local well-posedness result for the modified KdV equation, Int. Math. Res. Not., 2004 (2004), 3287-3308.  doi: 10.1155/S1073792804140981.  Google Scholar [19] B. Guo and Y. P. Wu, Orbital stability of solitary waves for the nonlinear derivative Schrödinger equation, Journal of Differential Equations, 123 (1994), 35-55.  doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1995.1156.  Google Scholar [20] A. Grünrock, Bi- and trilinear Schrödinger estimates in one space dimension with applications to cubic NLS and DNLS, Int. Math. Res. Not., 2005 (2005), 2525-2558.  doi: 10.1155/IMRN.2005.2525.  Google Scholar [21] S. M. Guo, On the 1D cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in an almost critical space, J. Fourier Annl. Appl., 23 (2017), 91-124.  doi: 10.1007/s00041-016-9464-z.  Google Scholar [22] Z. Guo and Y. Wu, Global well-posedness for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation in $H^{1/2}$, Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 37 (2017), 257-264.  doi: 10.3934/dcds.2017010.  Google Scholar [23] M. Hadac, S. Herr and H. Koch, Well-posedness and scattering for the KP-II equation in a critical space, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 26 (2009), 917-941.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2008.04.002.  Google Scholar [24] J. S. Han and B. X. Wang, $\alpha$-Modulation spaces (Ⅰ) scaling, embedding and algebraic properties, J. Math. Soc. Japan, 66 (2014), 1315-1373.  doi: 10.2969/jmsj/06641315.  Google Scholar [25] N. Hayashi, The initial value problem for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the energy space, Nonlinear Anal., 20 (1993), 823-833.  doi: 10.1016/0362-546X(93)90071-Y.  Google Scholar [26] N. Hayashi and T. Ozawa, On the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Phys. D, 55 (1992), 14-36.  doi: 10.1016/0167-2789(92)90185-P.  Google Scholar [27] N. Hayashi and T. Ozawa, Finite energy solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations of derivative type, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 25 (1994), 1488-1503.  doi: 10.1137/S0036141093246129.  Google Scholar [28] N. Hayashi and T. Ozawa, Remarks on nonlinear Schrödinger equations in one space dimension, Differential Integral Equations, 7 (1994), 453-461.   Google Scholar [29] T. Iwabuchi, Navier-Stokes equations and nonlinear heat equations in modulation spaces with negative derivative indices, J. Differential Equations, 248 (2010), 1972-2002.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2009.08.013.  Google Scholar [30] K. Kato, M. Kobayashi and S. Ito, Representation on Schrödinger operator of a free partical via short time Fourier transform and its applications, Tohoku Math. J., 64 (2012), 223-231.  doi: 10.2748/tmj/1341249372.  Google Scholar [31] K. Kato, M. Kobayashi and S. Ito, Estimates on modulation spaces for Schrödinger evolution operators with quadratic and sub-quadratic potentials, J. Funct. Anal., 266 (2014), 733-753.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2013.08.017.  Google Scholar [32] T. Kato, The global Cauchy problems for the nonlinear dispersive equations on modulation spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 413 (2014), 821-840.  doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2013.12.022.  Google Scholar [33] H. Koch and D. Tataru, Dispersive estimates for principlally normal pseudo-differential operators, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 58 (2005), 217-284.  doi: 10.1002/cpa.20067.  Google Scholar [34] H. Koch and D. Tataru, A priori bounds for the 1D cubic NLS in negative Sobolev spaces, Int. Math. Res. Not., 2007 (2007), Art. ID rnm053, 36 pp. doi: 10.1093/imrn/rnm053.  Google Scholar [35] H. Koch and D. Tataru, Energy and local energy bounds for the 1D cubic NLS equation in $H^{1/4}$, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 29 (2012), 955-988.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2012.05.006.  Google Scholar [36] S. Kwon and Y. Wu, Orbital stability of solitary waves for derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Journal d'Analyse Mathématique, 135 (2018), 473-486.  doi: 10.1007/s11854-018-0038-7.  Google Scholar [37] W. Mio, T. Ogino, K. Minami and S. Takeda, Modified nonlinear Schrödinger for Alfven waves propagating along the magnetic field in cold plasma, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 41 (1976), 265-271.  doi: 10.1143/JPSJ.41.265.  Google Scholar [38] E. Mjolhus, On the modulational instability of hydromagnetic waves parallel to the magnetic field, Journal of Plasma Physics, 16 (1976), 321-334.  doi: 10.1017/S0022377800020249.  Google Scholar [39] T. Oh and Y. Wang, Global well-posedness of the one-dimensional cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in almost critical spaces, J. Differential Equations, 269 (2020), 612-640.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2019.12.017.  Google Scholar [40] T. Ozawa and Y. Tsutsumi, Space-time estimates for null gauge forms and nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Differential Integral Equations, 11 (1998), 201-222.   Google Scholar [41] M. Ruzhansky, B. X. Wang and H. Zhang, Global well-posedness and scattering for the fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger equations with small data in modulation and Sobolev spaces, J. Math. Pures Appl., 105 (2016), 31-65.  doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2015.09.005.  Google Scholar [42] M. Sugimoto and N. Tomita, The dilation property of modulation spaces and their inclusion relation with Besov spaces, J. Funct. Anal., 248 (2007), 79-106.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2007.03.015.  Google Scholar [43] M. Sugimoto, B. X. Wang and R. R. Zhang, Local well-posedness for the Davey–Stewartson equation in a generalized Feichtinger algebra, J. Fourier Anal. Appl., 21 (2015), 1105-1129.  doi: 10.1007/s00041-015-9400-7.  Google Scholar [44] H. Takaoka, Well-posedness for the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equationwith the derivative nonlinearity, Adv. Differential Equations, 4 (1999), 561-580.   Google Scholar [45] H. Tribel, Theory of Function Spaces, Birkhäuser-Verlag, 1983. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0346-0416-1.  Google Scholar [46] J. Toft, Continuity properties for modulation spaces, with applications to pseudo-differential calculus, I, J. Funct. Anal., 207 (2004), 399-429.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2003.10.003.  Google Scholar [47] B.X. Wang, Globally well and ill posedness for non-elliptic derivative Schrödinger equations with small rough data, J. Funct. Anal., 265 (2013), 3009-3052.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2013.08.009.  Google Scholar [48] B. X. Wang, L. J. Han and C. Y. Huang, Global smooth effects and well-posedness for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equaton with small rough data, Ann. Inst H. Poincare, AN, 26 (2009), 2253-2281.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2009.03.004.  Google Scholar [49] B. X. Wang and C. Y. Huang, Frequency-uniform decomposition method for the generalized BO, KdV and NLS equations, J. Differential Equations, 239 (2007), 213-250.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2007.04.009.  Google Scholar [50] B. X. Wang, Z. H. Huo, C. C. Hao and Z. H. Guo, Harmonic Analysis Method for Nonlinear Evolution Equations, I, World Scientific Publishing Co., Pte. Ltd., Hackensack, NJ, 2011. doi: 10.1142/9789814360746.  Google Scholar [51] B. X. Wang and H. Hudzik, The global Cauchy problem for the NLS and NLKG with small rough data, J. Diff. Eqns., 232 (2007), 36-73.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2006.09.004.  Google Scholar [52] B. X. Wang, L. F. Zhao and B. L. Guo, Isometric decomposition operators, function spaces $E^{\lambda}_{p, q}$ and applications to nonlinear evolution operators, J. Funct. Anal., 233 (2006), 1-39.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2005.06.018.  Google Scholar

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##### References:
 [1] H. Bahouri and G. Perelman, Global well-posedness for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Preprint, arXiv: 2012.01923. Google Scholar [2] Á. Bényi and K. A. Okoudjou, Local well-posedness of nonlinear dispersive equations on modulation spaces, Bull. Lond. Math. Soc., 41 (2009), 549-558.  doi: 10.1112/blms/bdp027.  Google Scholar [3] Á. Bényi, K. Gröchenig, K. A. Okoudjou and L. G. Rogers, Unimodular Fourier multipliers for modulation spaces, J. Funct. Anal., 246 (2007), 366-384.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2006.12.019.  Google Scholar [4] J. Bergh and J. Löfström, Interpolation Spaces, An Introduction, Springer-Verlag, 1976.  Google Scholar [5] H. A. Biagioni and F. Linares, Ill-posedness for the derivative Schrödinger and generalized Benjamin-Ono equations, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 353 (2001), 3649-3659.  doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-01-02754-4.  Google Scholar [6] J. Bourgain, Fourier transform restriction phenomena for certain lattice subsets and applications to nonlinear evolution equations. Ⅰ. Schrödinger equations, Geom. Funct. Anal., 3 (1993), 107-156.  doi: 10.1007/BF01896020.  Google Scholar [7] J. Bourgain, Fourier transform restriction phenomena for certain lattice subsets and applications to nonlinear evolution equations. Ⅱ. The KdV-equation, Geom. Funct. Anal., 3 (1993), 209-262.  doi: 10.1007/BF01895688.  Google Scholar [8] L. Chaichenets, D. Hundertmark, P. Kunstmann and N. Pattakos, On the existence of global solutions of the one-dimensional cubic NLS for initial data in the modulation space $M^{p, q}(\mathbb{R})$, J. Differential Equations, 263 (2017), 4429-4441.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2017.04.020.  Google Scholar [9] L. Chaichenets, D. Hundertmark, P. Kunstmann and N. Pattakos, Nonlinear Schrödinger equation, differentiation by parts and modulation spaces, J. Evol. Equ., 19 (2019), 803-843.  doi: 10.1007/s00028-019-00501-z.  Google Scholar [10] J. Chen, D. Fan and L. Sun, Asymptotic estimates for unimodular Fourier multipliers on modulation spaces, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 32 (2012), 467-485.  doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.467.  Google Scholar [11] M. J. Chen, B. X. Wang, S. X. Wang and M. W. Wong, On dissipative nonlinear evolutional pseudo-differential equations, Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal., 48 (2020), 182-217.  doi: 10.1016/j.acha.2018.04.003.  Google Scholar [12] A. Córdoba and C. Fefferman, Wave packets and Fourier integral operators, Commun. Partial Differ. Equations, 3 (1978), 979-1005.  doi: 10.1080/03605307808820083.  Google Scholar [13] E. Cordero and F. Nicola, Metaplectic representation on Wiener amalgam spaces and applications to the Schrödinger equation, J. Funct. Anal., 254 (2008), 506-534.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2007.09.015.  Google Scholar [14] E. Cordero and F. Nicola, Some new Strichartz estimates for the Schrödinger equation, J. Differential Equations, 245 (2008), 1945-1974.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2008.07.009.  Google Scholar [15] E. Cordero and F. Nicola, Remarks on Fourier multipliers and applications to the wave equation, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 353 (2009), 583-591.  doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2008.12.027.  Google Scholar [16] H. G. Feichtinger, Modulation Spaces on Locally Compact Abelian Group, Technical Report, University of Vienna, 1983. Google Scholar [17] K. Gröchenig, Foundations of Time-Frequency Analysis, Birkhäuser, 2001. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-0003-1.  Google Scholar [18] A. Grünrock, An improved local well-posedness result for the modified KdV equation, Int. Math. Res. Not., 2004 (2004), 3287-3308.  doi: 10.1155/S1073792804140981.  Google Scholar [19] B. Guo and Y. P. Wu, Orbital stability of solitary waves for the nonlinear derivative Schrödinger equation, Journal of Differential Equations, 123 (1994), 35-55.  doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1995.1156.  Google Scholar [20] A. Grünrock, Bi- and trilinear Schrödinger estimates in one space dimension with applications to cubic NLS and DNLS, Int. Math. Res. Not., 2005 (2005), 2525-2558.  doi: 10.1155/IMRN.2005.2525.  Google Scholar [21] S. M. Guo, On the 1D cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in an almost critical space, J. Fourier Annl. Appl., 23 (2017), 91-124.  doi: 10.1007/s00041-016-9464-z.  Google Scholar [22] Z. Guo and Y. Wu, Global well-posedness for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation in $H^{1/2}$, Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems, 37 (2017), 257-264.  doi: 10.3934/dcds.2017010.  Google Scholar [23] M. Hadac, S. Herr and H. Koch, Well-posedness and scattering for the KP-II equation in a critical space, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 26 (2009), 917-941.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2008.04.002.  Google Scholar [24] J. S. Han and B. X. Wang, $\alpha$-Modulation spaces (Ⅰ) scaling, embedding and algebraic properties, J. Math. Soc. Japan, 66 (2014), 1315-1373.  doi: 10.2969/jmsj/06641315.  Google Scholar [25] N. Hayashi, The initial value problem for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the energy space, Nonlinear Anal., 20 (1993), 823-833.  doi: 10.1016/0362-546X(93)90071-Y.  Google Scholar [26] N. Hayashi and T. Ozawa, On the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Phys. D, 55 (1992), 14-36.  doi: 10.1016/0167-2789(92)90185-P.  Google Scholar [27] N. Hayashi and T. Ozawa, Finite energy solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations of derivative type, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 25 (1994), 1488-1503.  doi: 10.1137/S0036141093246129.  Google Scholar [28] N. Hayashi and T. Ozawa, Remarks on nonlinear Schrödinger equations in one space dimension, Differential Integral Equations, 7 (1994), 453-461.   Google Scholar [29] T. Iwabuchi, Navier-Stokes equations and nonlinear heat equations in modulation spaces with negative derivative indices, J. Differential Equations, 248 (2010), 1972-2002.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2009.08.013.  Google Scholar [30] K. Kato, M. Kobayashi and S. Ito, Representation on Schrödinger operator of a free partical via short time Fourier transform and its applications, Tohoku Math. J., 64 (2012), 223-231.  doi: 10.2748/tmj/1341249372.  Google Scholar [31] K. Kato, M. Kobayashi and S. Ito, Estimates on modulation spaces for Schrödinger evolution operators with quadratic and sub-quadratic potentials, J. Funct. Anal., 266 (2014), 733-753.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2013.08.017.  Google Scholar [32] T. Kato, The global Cauchy problems for the nonlinear dispersive equations on modulation spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 413 (2014), 821-840.  doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2013.12.022.  Google Scholar [33] H. Koch and D. Tataru, Dispersive estimates for principlally normal pseudo-differential operators, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 58 (2005), 217-284.  doi: 10.1002/cpa.20067.  Google Scholar [34] H. Koch and D. Tataru, A priori bounds for the 1D cubic NLS in negative Sobolev spaces, Int. Math. Res. Not., 2007 (2007), Art. ID rnm053, 36 pp. doi: 10.1093/imrn/rnm053.  Google Scholar [35] H. Koch and D. Tataru, Energy and local energy bounds for the 1D cubic NLS equation in $H^{1/4}$, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire, 29 (2012), 955-988.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2012.05.006.  Google Scholar [36] S. Kwon and Y. Wu, Orbital stability of solitary waves for derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Journal d'Analyse Mathématique, 135 (2018), 473-486.  doi: 10.1007/s11854-018-0038-7.  Google Scholar [37] W. Mio, T. Ogino, K. Minami and S. Takeda, Modified nonlinear Schrödinger for Alfven waves propagating along the magnetic field in cold plasma, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 41 (1976), 265-271.  doi: 10.1143/JPSJ.41.265.  Google Scholar [38] E. Mjolhus, On the modulational instability of hydromagnetic waves parallel to the magnetic field, Journal of Plasma Physics, 16 (1976), 321-334.  doi: 10.1017/S0022377800020249.  Google Scholar [39] T. Oh and Y. Wang, Global well-posedness of the one-dimensional cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in almost critical spaces, J. Differential Equations, 269 (2020), 612-640.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2019.12.017.  Google Scholar [40] T. Ozawa and Y. Tsutsumi, Space-time estimates for null gauge forms and nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Differential Integral Equations, 11 (1998), 201-222.   Google Scholar [41] M. Ruzhansky, B. X. Wang and H. Zhang, Global well-posedness and scattering for the fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger equations with small data in modulation and Sobolev spaces, J. Math. Pures Appl., 105 (2016), 31-65.  doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2015.09.005.  Google Scholar [42] M. Sugimoto and N. Tomita, The dilation property of modulation spaces and their inclusion relation with Besov spaces, J. Funct. Anal., 248 (2007), 79-106.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2007.03.015.  Google Scholar [43] M. Sugimoto, B. X. Wang and R. R. Zhang, Local well-posedness for the Davey–Stewartson equation in a generalized Feichtinger algebra, J. Fourier Anal. Appl., 21 (2015), 1105-1129.  doi: 10.1007/s00041-015-9400-7.  Google Scholar [44] H. Takaoka, Well-posedness for the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equationwith the derivative nonlinearity, Adv. Differential Equations, 4 (1999), 561-580.   Google Scholar [45] H. Tribel, Theory of Function Spaces, Birkhäuser-Verlag, 1983. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0346-0416-1.  Google Scholar [46] J. Toft, Continuity properties for modulation spaces, with applications to pseudo-differential calculus, I, J. Funct. Anal., 207 (2004), 399-429.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2003.10.003.  Google Scholar [47] B.X. Wang, Globally well and ill posedness for non-elliptic derivative Schrödinger equations with small rough data, J. Funct. Anal., 265 (2013), 3009-3052.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2013.08.009.  Google Scholar [48] B. X. Wang, L. J. Han and C. Y. Huang, Global smooth effects and well-posedness for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equaton with small rough data, Ann. Inst H. Poincare, AN, 26 (2009), 2253-2281.  doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2009.03.004.  Google Scholar [49] B. X. Wang and C. Y. Huang, Frequency-uniform decomposition method for the generalized BO, KdV and NLS equations, J. Differential Equations, 239 (2007), 213-250.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2007.04.009.  Google Scholar [50] B. X. Wang, Z. H. Huo, C. C. Hao and Z. H. Guo, Harmonic Analysis Method for Nonlinear Evolution Equations, I, World Scientific Publishing Co., Pte. Ltd., Hackensack, NJ, 2011. doi: 10.1142/9789814360746.  Google Scholar [51] B. X. Wang and H. Hudzik, The global Cauchy problem for the NLS and NLKG with small rough data, J. Diff. Eqns., 232 (2007), 36-73.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2006.09.004.  Google Scholar [52] B. X. Wang, L. F. Zhao and B. L. Guo, Isometric decomposition operators, function spaces $E^{\lambda}_{p, q}$ and applications to nonlinear evolution operators, J. Funct. Anal., 233 (2006), 1-39.  doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2005.06.018.  Google Scholar
In $\lambda_1,...,\lambda_3$, there is at least one frequency near $\lambda_0$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $h_-h_-a$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4)$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4)$ $[\lambda_0, \infty)$ $h_-l_-l_-$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4)$ $[3\lambda_0/4, \ 0)$ $[\lambda_0, 0)$ $h_-l_- a_+$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4)$ $[3\lambda_0/4,0)$ $[0, \infty)$ $h_-a_+ a$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4)$ $[0, \infty)$ $[\lambda_0, \infty)$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $h_-h_-a$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4)$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4)$ $[\lambda_0, \infty)$ $h_-l_-l_-$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4)$ $[3\lambda_0/4, \ 0)$ $[\lambda_0, 0)$ $h_-l_- a_+$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4)$ $[3\lambda_0/4,0)$ $[0, \infty)$ $h_-a_+ a$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4)$ $[0, \infty)$ $[\lambda_0, \infty)$
$\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\lambda_3$ far away from $\lambda_0$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $l_-l_-l$ $[3\lambda_0/4, 0)$ $[3\lambda_0/4,0)$ $[\lambda_0, -\lambda_0/16)$ $l_-l_-h_+$ $[ 3\lambda_0/4, 0)$ $[3\lambda_0/4, \ 0)$ $[-\lambda_0/16, \infty)$ $l_-a_+a_m$ $[3\lambda_0/4, 0)$ $[0, \infty)$ $[\lambda_0, -\lambda_0)$ $l_-a_+h_+$ $[3\lambda_0/4, 0)$ $[0, \infty)$ $[-\lambda_0, \infty)$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $l_-l_-l$ $[3\lambda_0/4, 0)$ $[3\lambda_0/4,0)$ $[\lambda_0, -\lambda_0/16)$ $l_-l_-h_+$ $[ 3\lambda_0/4, 0)$ $[3\lambda_0/4, \ 0)$ $[-\lambda_0/16, \infty)$ $l_-a_+a_m$ $[3\lambda_0/4, 0)$ $[0, \infty)$ $[\lambda_0, -\lambda_0)$ $l_-a_+h_+$ $[3\lambda_0/4, 0)$ $[0, \infty)$ $[-\lambda_0, \infty)$
$\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\lambda_3 {\geqslant} 0$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $a_+a_+h$ $[0, \infty)$ $[0, \infty)$ $[\lambda_0, \infty)$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $a_+a_+h$ $[0, \infty)$ $[0, \infty)$ $[\lambda_0, \infty)$
$\lambda_0 \ll 0$, $\lambda_1<\lambda_0 {\leqslant} \lambda_2\wedge \lambda_3$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $1$ $[5\lambda_0/4-C, \lambda_0)$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4)$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4 +C)$ $2$ $[2\lambda_0 -C, \lambda_0)$ $[3\lambda_0/4, \ 0)$ $[\lambda_0, C)$ $3$ $(11\lambda_0/4-C, \lambda_0)$ $[0, -3\lambda_0/4)$ $[\lambda_0, -3\lambda_0/4 +C)$ $4$ $(-\infty, \lambda_0)$ $[-3\lambda_0/4, \infty)$ $[\lambda_0, \infty)$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $1$ $[5\lambda_0/4-C, \lambda_0)$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4)$ $[\lambda_0, 3\lambda_0/4 +C)$ $2$ $[2\lambda_0 -C, \lambda_0)$ $[3\lambda_0/4, \ 0)$ $[\lambda_0, C)$ $3$ $(11\lambda_0/4-C, \lambda_0)$ $[0, -3\lambda_0/4)$ $[\lambda_0, -3\lambda_0/4 +C)$ $4$ $(-\infty, \lambda_0)$ $[-3\lambda_0/4, \infty)$ $[\lambda_0, \infty)$
Two subcases of Case 4
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $4.1$ $(-\infty, \lambda_0)$ $[-3\lambda_0/4, \infty)$ $[\lambda_0, 0)$ $4.2$ $(-\infty, \lambda_0)$ $[-3\lambda_0/4, \infty)$ $[0, \infty)$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $4.1$ $(-\infty, \lambda_0)$ $[-3\lambda_0/4, \infty)$ $[\lambda_0, 0)$ $4.2$ $(-\infty, \lambda_0)$ $[-3\lambda_0/4, \infty)$ $[0, \infty)$
$\lambda_0{\geqslant}\lambda_1{\geqslant}\lambda_3{\geqslant} \lambda_2 {\geqslant} \lambda_4{\geqslant} \lambda_5$, only one higher frequency in $\lambda_1,...,\lambda_5$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $hllll$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $hllll_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $hlll_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hll_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hl_-l_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $hllll$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $hllll_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $hlll_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hll_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hl_-l_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$
$\lambda_0{\geqslant}\lambda_2{\geqslant}\lambda_1{\geqslant} \lambda_3 {\geqslant} \lambda_5{\geqslant} \lambda_4$, only one higher frequency in $\lambda_1,...,\lambda_5$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $llllh_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $h_-$ $llll_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $hlll_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $ll_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $l_-l_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $llllh_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $h_-$ $llll_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $hlll_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $ll_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $l_-l_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$
$\lambda_0{\geqslant}\lambda_1{\geqslant}\lambda_2{\geqslant} \lambda_3 {\geqslant} \lambda_5{\geqslant} \lambda_4$, only one higher frequency in $\lambda_1,...,\lambda_5$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $hllll$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $hllll_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $hlll_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hll_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hl_-l_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $hllll$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $hllll_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $hlll_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hll_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hl_-l_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$
$\lambda_0{\geqslant}\lambda_1{\geqslant}\lambda_2{\geqslant} \lambda_3 {\geqslant} \lambda_5{\geqslant} \lambda_4$, only one higher frequency in $\lambda_1,...,\lambda_5$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $llllh_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $h_-$ $llll_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $hlll_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $ll_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $l_-l_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $llllh_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $h_-$ $llll_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $hlll_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $ll_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $l_-l_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$
$\lambda_0{\geqslant}\lambda_1{\geqslant}\lambda_3{\geqslant} \lambda_5 {\geqslant} \lambda_2{\geqslant} \lambda_4$, only one higher frequency in $\lambda_1,...,\lambda_5$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $hllll$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $hllll_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $hlll_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hll_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hl_-l_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $hllll$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $hllll_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $hlll_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hll_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hl_-l_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$
$\lambda_0{\geqslant}\lambda_1{\geqslant}\lambda_3{\geqslant} \lambda_5 {\geqslant} \lambda_2{\geqslant} \lambda_4$, only one higher frequency in $\lambda_1,...,\lambda_5$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $llllh_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $h_-$ $llll_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $hlll_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $ll_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $l_-l_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $llllh_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $h_-$ $llll_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $hlll_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $ll_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $l_-l_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$
$\lambda_0{\geqslant}\lambda_1{\geqslant}\lambda_3{\geqslant} \lambda_2 {\geqslant} \lambda_5 {\geqslant} \lambda_4$, only one higher frequency in $\lambda_1,...,\lambda_5$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $hllll$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $hllll_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $hlll_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hll_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hl_-l_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $hllll$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $hllll_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $hlll_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hll_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $hl_-l_-l_-l_-$ $h$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$
$\lambda_0{\geqslant}\lambda_1{\geqslant}\lambda_3{\geqslant} \lambda_2 {\geqslant} \lambda_5 {\geqslant} \lambda_4$, only one higher frequency in $\lambda_1,...,\lambda_5$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $llllh_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $h_-$ $llll_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $hlll_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $ll_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $l_-l_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $llllh_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $h_-$ $llll_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $hlll_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $ll_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$ $l_-l_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $h_-$
$\lambda_1{\geqslant}\lambda_0{\geqslant}\lambda_2{\geqslant} \lambda_3 {\geqslant} \lambda_4 {\geqslant} \lambda_5$, only one higher frequency in $\lambda_1,...,\lambda_5$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $2hllll$ $[\lambda_0, 20\lambda_0]$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $2hllll_-$ $[\lambda_0, 20\lambda_0]$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $2hlll_-l_-$ $[\lambda_0, 20\lambda_0]$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $2hll_-l_-l_-$ $[\lambda_0, 20\lambda_0]$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $2hl_-l_-l_-l_-$ $[\lambda_0, 20\lambda_0]$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $2hllll$ $[\lambda_0, 20\lambda_0]$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $2hllll_-$ $[\lambda_0, 20\lambda_0]$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $2hlll_-l_-$ $[\lambda_0, 20\lambda_0]$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $2hll_-l_-l_-$ $[\lambda_0, 20\lambda_0]$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $2hl_-l_-l_-l_-$ $[\lambda_0, 20\lambda_0]$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$
$\lambda_0{\geqslant}\lambda_1{\geqslant}\lambda_2{\geqslant} \lambda_3 {\geqslant} \lambda_5 {\geqslant} \lambda_4$, only one higher frequency in $\lambda_1,...,\lambda_5$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $3llllh_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $[-20\lambda_0,-\lambda_0]$ $3llll_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $[-20\lambda_0,-\lambda_0]$ $3lll_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $[-20\lambda_0,-\lambda_0]$ $3ll_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $[-20\lambda_0,-\lambda_0]$ $2l_-l_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $[-20\lambda_0,-\lambda_0]$
 ${\rm Case}$ $\lambda_1\in$ $\lambda_2\in$ $\lambda_3\in$ $\lambda_5\in$ $\lambda_4\in$ $3llllh_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $[-20\lambda_0,-\lambda_0]$ $3llll_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $[-20\lambda_0,-\lambda_0]$ $3lll_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $[-20\lambda_0,-\lambda_0]$ $3ll_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $[-20\lambda_0,-\lambda_0]$ $2l_-l_-l_-l_-h_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $l_-$ $[-20\lambda_0,-\lambda_0]$
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