Discrete May-Leonard competition models II

We analyzed the local dynamics of a three-dimensional Ricker type discrete-time competition model that is analogous to the May-Leonard (M-L) differential equation model. The symmetric discrete M-L model is mentioned by Hofbauer et al. [[7] J. Math. Biol., 25:553--570,1987] as "perhaps one of the most difficult three species problems''. Both of the discrete and the continuous M-L models have similar local dynamics. However, the discrete model is not dynamically consistent with the continuous model. Unlike the continuous M-L model, the discrete Hopf bifurcations (Neimark-Sacker bifurcations) of the discrete M-L model are not degenerate. The continuous M-L model is the limiting case of the discrete model.