Daphnia species invasion, competitive exclusion, and chaotic coexistence

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September 2009, 12(2): 481-493. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2009.12.481

Daphnia species invasion, competitive exclusion, and chaotic coexistence

Hao Wang ^1, , Katherine Dunning ^2, , James J. Elser ^2, and Yang Kuang ^3,

1.	School of Mathematics and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0160, United States
2.	School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States, United States
3.	Department of Mathematics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1804

Received September 2008 Revised April 2009 Published July 2009

Abstract
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The cladoceran Daphnia lumholtzi has invaded many US rivers and lakes. To better understand the ecological factors and consequences associated with D. lumholtzi invasion, we carried out a microcosm experiment evaluating competition of D. lumholtzi with a widespread native daphnid, D. pulex. We applied two light treatments to these two different microcosms and found strong context-dependent competitive exclusion in both treatments. We observed that D. lumholtzi out-competed D. pulex in the high light treatment, while D. pulex out-competed D. lumholtzi in the low light treatment. To better understand these results we developed and tested a mechanistically formulated stoichiometric population interaction model. This model exhibits chaotic coexistence of the competing species of Daphnia. The rich dynamics of this model allow us to suggest some plausible strategies to control the invasive species D. lumholtzi.

Keywords: competitive exclusion., Daphnia, chaotic coexistence, stoichiometry, invasion.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary, 92B05, 92D40, 92D25; Secondary, 34A34, 34D05, 34D23, 34D4.

Citation: Hao Wang, Katherine Dunning, James J. Elser, Yang Kuang. Daphnia species invasion, competitive exclusion, and chaotic coexistence. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2009, 12 (2) : 481-493. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2009.12.481

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