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December  2011, 15(3): 651-668. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2011.15.651

Adaptive method for spike solutions of Gierer-Meinhardt system on irregular domain

Siu-Long Lei 1,

1. 

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China

Received  January 2010 Revised  June 2010 Published  February 2011

In this paper, an adaptive numerical method is proposed to solve the Gierer-Meinhardt (GM) system on irregular domain. The method works for domains defined by level sets of implicit functions and the generated mesh is of high quality. The method is shown to be effective by comparing with asymptotic result. Boundary spike solutions of the GM system are obtained and studied numerically, including stability of boundary spike and spike motion along the boundary.
Keywords: Adaptive method, boundary spike., mesh generation, Gierer-Meinhardt system.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 65Mxx, 14E15; Secondary: 33F0.
Citation: Siu-Long Lei. Adaptive method for spike solutions of Gierer-Meinhardt system on irregular domain. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2011, 15 (3) : 651-668. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2011.15.651
References:
[1]

G. Akrivis, M. Crouzeix and C. Makridakis, Implicit-explicit multistep finite element methods for nonlinear parabolic problems, Math. Comput., 67 (1998), 457-477. doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-98-00930-2.  Google Scholar

[2]

U. M. Ascher, S. J. Ruuth and B. T. R. Wetton, Implicit-explicit methods for time-dependent partial differential equations, SIAMJ. Numer. Anal., 32 (1995), 797-823. doi: 10.1137/0732037.  Google Scholar

[3]

M. Berger and P. Colella, Local adaptive mesh refinement for shock hydrodynamics, J. Comput. Phys., 82 (1989), 64-84. doi: 10.1016/0021-9991(89)90035-1.  Google Scholar

[4]

J. Brackbill and J. Saltzman, Adaptive zoning for singular problems in two dimensions, J. Comput. Phys., 46 (1982), 342-368. doi: 10.1016/0021-9991(82)90020-1.  Google Scholar

[5]

M. Del Pino, P. L. Felmer and M. Kowalczyk, Boundary spikes in the Gierer-Meinhardt system, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal., 1 (2002), 437-456. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2002.1.437.  Google Scholar

[6]

H. Edelsbrunner, "Geometry and Topology for Mesh Generation," Cambridge University Press, 2001. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511530067.  Google Scholar

[7]

N. I. M. Gould, J. A. Scott and Y. Hu, A numerical evaluation of sparse direct solvers for the solution of large sparse symmetric linear systems of equations, ACM Trans. Math. Softw., 33(2) (2007), Article 10. doi: 10.1145/1236463.1236465.  Google Scholar

[8]

A. Gierer and H. Meinhardt, A theory of biological pattern formation, Kybernetik (Berlin), 12 (1972), 30-39. doi: 10.1007/BF00289234.  Google Scholar

[9]

W. Z. Huang and D. M. Sloan, A simple adaptive grid method in two dimensions, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 15 (1994), 776-797. doi: 10.1137/0915049.  Google Scholar

[10]

D. Iron and M. J. Ward, The dynamics of boundary spikes for a nonlocal reaction-diffusion model, Eur. J. of Appl. Math., 11 (2000), 491-514. doi: 10.1017/S0956792500004253.  Google Scholar

[11]

R. Li, T. Tang and P. W. Zhang, Moving mesh methods in multiple dimensions based on harmonic maps, J. Comput. Phys., 170 (2001), 562-588. doi: 10.1006/jcph.2001.6749.  Google Scholar

[12]

R. Li, T. Tang and P. W. Zhang, A moving mesh finite element algorithm for singular problems in two and three space dimensions, J. Comput. Phys., 177 (2002), 365-393. doi: 10.1006/jcph.2002.7002.  Google Scholar

[13]

K. Miller and R. N. Miller, Moving finite elements I, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 18 (1981), 1019-1032. doi: 10.1137/0718070.  Google Scholar

[14]

R. Nicolaides, Direct discretization of planar div-curl problems, SIAM Numer. Anal., 29 (1992), 32-56. doi: 10.1137/0729003.  Google Scholar

[15]

P. O. Persson, "Mesh Generation for Implicit Geometries," Ph.D thesis, MIT, 2005. Google Scholar

[16]

P. O. Persson and G. Strang, A simple mesh generation in Matlab, SIAM Rev., 46 (2004), 329-345. doi: 10.1137/S0036144503429121.  Google Scholar

[17]

Z. Qiao, Numerical investigations of the dynamical behaviors and instabilities for the Gierer-Meinhardt system, Commun. Comput. Phys., 3 (2008), 406-426.  Google Scholar

[18]

S. J. Ruuth, Implicit-explicit methods for reaction-diffusion problems in pattern formation, J. Math. Biol., 34 (1995), 148-176. doi: 10.1007/BF00178771.  Google Scholar

[19]

W. Ren and X. P. Wang, An iterative grid redistribution method for singular problems in multiple dimensions, J. Comput. Phys., 159 (2000), 246-273. doi: 10.1006/jcph.2000.6435.  Google Scholar

[20]

M. J. Ward, D. McInerney and P. Houston, The dynamics and pinning of a spike for a reaction-diffusion system, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 62 (2002), 1297-1328. doi: 10.1137/S0036139900375112.  Google Scholar

[21]

J. Wei and M. Winter, Spikes for the two-dimensional Gierer-Meinhardt system: The weak coupling case, J. Nonlinear Sci., 11 (2001), 415-458. doi: 10.1007/s00332-001-0380-1.  Google Scholar

show all references

References:
[1]

G. Akrivis, M. Crouzeix and C. Makridakis, Implicit-explicit multistep finite element methods for nonlinear parabolic problems, Math. Comput., 67 (1998), 457-477. doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-98-00930-2.  Google Scholar

[2]

U. M. Ascher, S. J. Ruuth and B. T. R. Wetton, Implicit-explicit methods for time-dependent partial differential equations, SIAMJ. Numer. Anal., 32 (1995), 797-823. doi: 10.1137/0732037.  Google Scholar

[3]

M. Berger and P. Colella, Local adaptive mesh refinement for shock hydrodynamics, J. Comput. Phys., 82 (1989), 64-84. doi: 10.1016/0021-9991(89)90035-1.  Google Scholar

[4]

J. Brackbill and J. Saltzman, Adaptive zoning for singular problems in two dimensions, J. Comput. Phys., 46 (1982), 342-368. doi: 10.1016/0021-9991(82)90020-1.  Google Scholar

[5]

M. Del Pino, P. L. Felmer and M. Kowalczyk, Boundary spikes in the Gierer-Meinhardt system, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal., 1 (2002), 437-456. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2002.1.437.  Google Scholar

[6]

H. Edelsbrunner, "Geometry and Topology for Mesh Generation," Cambridge University Press, 2001. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511530067.  Google Scholar

[7]

N. I. M. Gould, J. A. Scott and Y. Hu, A numerical evaluation of sparse direct solvers for the solution of large sparse symmetric linear systems of equations, ACM Trans. Math. Softw., 33(2) (2007), Article 10. doi: 10.1145/1236463.1236465.  Google Scholar

[8]

A. Gierer and H. Meinhardt, A theory of biological pattern formation, Kybernetik (Berlin), 12 (1972), 30-39. doi: 10.1007/BF00289234.  Google Scholar

[9]

W. Z. Huang and D. M. Sloan, A simple adaptive grid method in two dimensions, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 15 (1994), 776-797. doi: 10.1137/0915049.  Google Scholar

[10]

D. Iron and M. J. Ward, The dynamics of boundary spikes for a nonlocal reaction-diffusion model, Eur. J. of Appl. Math., 11 (2000), 491-514. doi: 10.1017/S0956792500004253.  Google Scholar

[11]

R. Li, T. Tang and P. W. Zhang, Moving mesh methods in multiple dimensions based on harmonic maps, J. Comput. Phys., 170 (2001), 562-588. doi: 10.1006/jcph.2001.6749.  Google Scholar

[12]

R. Li, T. Tang and P. W. Zhang, A moving mesh finite element algorithm for singular problems in two and three space dimensions, J. Comput. Phys., 177 (2002), 365-393. doi: 10.1006/jcph.2002.7002.  Google Scholar

[13]

K. Miller and R. N. Miller, Moving finite elements I, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 18 (1981), 1019-1032. doi: 10.1137/0718070.  Google Scholar

[14]

R. Nicolaides, Direct discretization of planar div-curl problems, SIAM Numer. Anal., 29 (1992), 32-56. doi: 10.1137/0729003.  Google Scholar

[15]

P. O. Persson, "Mesh Generation for Implicit Geometries," Ph.D thesis, MIT, 2005. Google Scholar

[16]

P. O. Persson and G. Strang, A simple mesh generation in Matlab, SIAM Rev., 46 (2004), 329-345. doi: 10.1137/S0036144503429121.  Google Scholar

[17]

Z. Qiao, Numerical investigations of the dynamical behaviors and instabilities for the Gierer-Meinhardt system, Commun. Comput. Phys., 3 (2008), 406-426.  Google Scholar

[18]

S. J. Ruuth, Implicit-explicit methods for reaction-diffusion problems in pattern formation, J. Math. Biol., 34 (1995), 148-176. doi: 10.1007/BF00178771.  Google Scholar

[19]

W. Ren and X. P. Wang, An iterative grid redistribution method for singular problems in multiple dimensions, J. Comput. Phys., 159 (2000), 246-273. doi: 10.1006/jcph.2000.6435.  Google Scholar

[20]

M. J. Ward, D. McInerney and P. Houston, The dynamics and pinning of a spike for a reaction-diffusion system, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 62 (2002), 1297-1328. doi: 10.1137/S0036139900375112.  Google Scholar

[21]

J. Wei and M. Winter, Spikes for the two-dimensional Gierer-Meinhardt system: The weak coupling case, J. Nonlinear Sci., 11 (2001), 415-458. doi: 10.1007/s00332-001-0380-1.  Google Scholar

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