On the structure of double layers in Poisson-Boltzmann equation

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September 2012, 17(6): 1939-1967. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2012.17.1939

On the structure of double layers in Poisson-Boltzmann equation

Marco A. Fontelos ^1, and Lucía B. Gamboa ^2,

1.	ICMAT (CSIC-UAM-UC3M-UCM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 15, Madrid, 28049
2.	Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas (CSIC - UAM - UC3M - UCM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 13-15, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain

Received May 2011 Revised September 2011 Published May 2012

Abstract
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We study the solutions to Poisson-Boltzmann equation for electrolytic solutions in a domain $\Omega$, surrounded by an uncharged dielectric medium. We establish existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions and study in detail their asymptotic behaviour close to $\partial\Omega$ when a characteristic length, called the Debye length, is sufficiently small. This is a double layer with a thickness that changes from point to point along $\partial\Omega$ depending on the normal derivative of a harmonic function outside $\Omega$ and the mean curvature of $\partial\Omega$. We also provide numerical evidence of our results based on a finite elements approximation of the problem.

Keywords: electrokinetic equations., finite element method, Poisson-Boltzmann equation, non-local elliptic equation, Debye boundary layer.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35Q35, 35J15; Secondary: 35B4.

Citation: Marco A. Fontelos, Lucía B. Gamboa. On the structure of double layers in Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2012, 17 (6) : 1939-1967. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2012.17.1939

References:

[1]	S. I. Betelú, M. A. Fontelos, U. Kindelán and O. Vantzos, Sigularities on charged drops, Phys. Fluids, 18 (2006), 051706.
[2]	D. Duft, T. Achtzehn, R. Müller, B. A. Huber and T. Leisner, Rayleigh jets from levitated microdroplets, Nature, 421 (2003), 128. doi: 10.1038/421128a.
[3]	L. C. Evans, "Partial Differential Equations," Graduate Studies in Mathematics, 19, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1998.
[4]	J. Fernández de la Mora, The fluid dynamics of Taylor cones, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 39 (2007), 217-243. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.39.050905.110159.
[5]	M. A. Fontelos and A. Friedman, Symmetry-breaking bifurcations of charged drops, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 172 (2004), 267-294. doi: 10.1007/s00205-003-0298-x.
[6]	M. A. Fontelos, U. Kindelán and O. Vantzos, Evolution of neutral and charged droplets in an electric field, Phys. Fluids, 20 (2008), 092110. doi: 10.1063/1.2980030.
[7]	A. Friedman and K. Tintarev, Boundary asymptotics for solutions of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, J. Diff. Eq., 69 (1987), 15-38. doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(87)90100-8.
[8]	D. Gilbarg and N. S. Trudinger, "Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order," Reprint of the 1998 edition, Classics in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001.
[9]	J. H. Masliyah and S. Bhattacharjee, "Electrokinetic and Colloid Transport Phenomena," Wiley, 2006.
[10]	F. Mugele and J. C. Baret, Electrowetting: From basics to applications, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 17 (2005), R705-R774. doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/17/28/R01.
[11]	C. Quillet and B. Berge, Electrowetting: A recent outbreak, Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 6 (2001), 34-39.
[12]	I. Rubinstein, "Electro-Diffusion of Ions," SIAM Studies in Applied Mathematics, 11, SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, 1990.
[13]	R. J. Ryham, Existence, uniqueness, regularity and long-term behavior for dissipative systems modeling electro-hydrodinamics,, preprint., ().
[14]	D. A. Saville, Electrohydrodynamics: The Taylor-Melcher Leaky dielectric model, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 29 (1997), 27-64. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.29.1.27.
[15]	H. A. Stone, A. D. Stroock and A. Ajdari, Engineering flows in small devices: Microfluidics toward a lab-on-a-chip, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 36 (2004), 381-411.

show all references

References:

[1]	S. I. Betelú, M. A. Fontelos, U. Kindelán and O. Vantzos, Sigularities on charged drops, Phys. Fluids, 18 (2006), 051706.
[2]	D. Duft, T. Achtzehn, R. Müller, B. A. Huber and T. Leisner, Rayleigh jets from levitated microdroplets, Nature, 421 (2003), 128. doi: 10.1038/421128a.
[3]	L. C. Evans, "Partial Differential Equations," Graduate Studies in Mathematics, 19, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1998.
[4]	J. Fernández de la Mora, The fluid dynamics of Taylor cones, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 39 (2007), 217-243. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.39.050905.110159.
[5]	M. A. Fontelos and A. Friedman, Symmetry-breaking bifurcations of charged drops, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 172 (2004), 267-294. doi: 10.1007/s00205-003-0298-x.
[6]	M. A. Fontelos, U. Kindelán and O. Vantzos, Evolution of neutral and charged droplets in an electric field, Phys. Fluids, 20 (2008), 092110. doi: 10.1063/1.2980030.
[7]	A. Friedman and K. Tintarev, Boundary asymptotics for solutions of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, J. Diff. Eq., 69 (1987), 15-38. doi: 10.1016/0022-0396(87)90100-8.
[8]	D. Gilbarg and N. S. Trudinger, "Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order," Reprint of the 1998 edition, Classics in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001.
[9]	J. H. Masliyah and S. Bhattacharjee, "Electrokinetic and Colloid Transport Phenomena," Wiley, 2006.
[10]	F. Mugele and J. C. Baret, Electrowetting: From basics to applications, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 17 (2005), R705-R774. doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/17/28/R01.
[11]	C. Quillet and B. Berge, Electrowetting: A recent outbreak, Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 6 (2001), 34-39.
[12]	I. Rubinstein, "Electro-Diffusion of Ions," SIAM Studies in Applied Mathematics, 11, SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, 1990.
[13]	R. J. Ryham, Existence, uniqueness, regularity and long-term behavior for dissipative systems modeling electro-hydrodinamics,, preprint., ().
[14]	D. A. Saville, Electrohydrodynamics: The Taylor-Melcher Leaky dielectric model, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 29 (1997), 27-64. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.29.1.27.
[15]	H. A. Stone, A. D. Stroock and A. Ajdari, Engineering flows in small devices: Microfluidics toward a lab-on-a-chip, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 36 (2004), 381-411.

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