# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

June  2017, 22(4): 1435-1460. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2017069

## Saddle-node bifurcations of multiple homoclinic solutions in ODES

 1 Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8205, USA 2 College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China

* Corresponding author: Changrong Zhu

Received  August 2015 Revised  December 2016 Published  February 2017

Fund Project: XBL was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-1211070. ZCR was partially supported by NSFC grant 11671058 and NCET-12-0586. The authors would like to thank Moody Chu for helpful discussion on the codiagonalization of quadratic forms.

We study codimension 3 degenerate homoclinic bifurcations under periodic perturbations. Assume that among the 3 bifurcation equations, one is due to the homoclinic tangecy along the orbital direction. To the lowest order, the bifurcation equations become 3 quadratic equations. Under generic conditions on perturbations of the normal and tangential directions of the homoclinic orbit, up to 8 homoclinic orbits can be created through saddle-node bifurcations. Our results generate the homoclinic tangency bifurcation in Guckenheimer and Holmes [8].

Citation: Xiao-Biao Lin, Changrong Zhu. Saddle-node bifurcations of multiple homoclinic solutions in ODES. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2017, 22 (4) : 1435-1460. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2017069
##### References:

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##### References:
Graphs for the (HH) type systems
In case (4.6-1), if $h_1>0$ and $r_1<r_2$, or in case (4.6-2), if $h_1<0$ and $r_1<r_2$, then the system has $4$ solutions
In case (4.6-3), if $h_1<0$ and $r_1>r_2$, or in case (4.6-4), if $h_1>0$ and $r_1>r_2$, then the system has $4$ solutions
If the asymptotes of $F_1=0$ and $F_2=0$ are alternating, then there always exist exactly two solutions
is about the (EE) case. Figure (2) is about the (HE) case. The (HE) case where the hyperbola has $y$ intercept is not shown. Figure (3) is about the (LE) case where the lines have $x$-intercepts. The (LE) case where the lines have $y$ intercepts is not shown">Figure 5.  Figure (1) is about the (EE) case. Figure (2) is about the (HE) case. The (HE) case where the hyperbola has $y$ intercept is not shown. Figure (3) is about the (LE) case where the lines have $x$-intercepts. The (LE) case where the lines have $y$ intercepts is not shown
is about the (HH) case where one curve has $x$ and the other has $y$ intercepts. Figure (2) is about the (HH) case where both graphs have $x$-intercepts. The (HH) case where both have $y$ intercepts in not shown">Figure 6.  Figure (1) is about the (HH) case where one curve has $x$ and the other has $y$ intercepts. Figure (2) is about the (HH) case where both graphs have $x$-intercepts. The (HH) case where both have $y$ intercepts in not shown
is about the (LH) case where the lines have $x$-intercepts and the hyperbola has $y$-intercept. Figure (2) is about the (LH) case where both the lines and the hyperbola have $y$-intercepts. The two (LH) cases where the hyperbola has $x$-intercepts are not shown">Figure 7.  Figure (1) is about the (LH) case where the lines have $x$-intercepts and the hyperbola has $y$-intercept. Figure (2) is about the (LH) case where both the lines and the hyperbola have $y$-intercepts. The two (LH) cases where the hyperbola has $x$-intercepts are not shown
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