In this paper, we study a nonlocal dispersal SIR model with general nonlinear incidence rate and spatio-temporal delay. By Schauder's fixed point theorem and Laplace transform, we show that the existence and nonexistence of traveling wave solutions are determined by the basic reproduction number and the minimal wave speed. Some examples are listed to illustrate the theoretical results. Our results generalize some known results.
Citation: |
[1] | M. E. Alexander and S. M. Moghadas, Periodicity in an epidemic model with a generalized non-linear incidence, Math. Biosci., 189 (2004), 75-96. doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2004.01.003. |
[2] | J. F. M. Al-Omari and S. A. Gourley, Monotone wave-fronts in a structured population model with dsitributed maturation delay, IMA J. Appl. Math., 70 (2005), 858-879. doi: 10.1093/imamat/hxh073. |
[3] | Z. Bai and S. Wu, Traveling waves in a delayed SIR epidemic model with nonlinear incidence, Appl. Math. Comput., 263 (2015), 221-232. doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2015.04.048. |
[4] | Z. Bai and S. Zhang, Traveling waves of a diffusive SIR epidemic model with a class of nonlinear incidence rates and distributed delay, Commun.Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simulat., 22 (2015), 1370-1381. doi: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2014.07.005. |
[5] | A. Boumenir and V. Nguyen, Perron theorem in the monotone iteration method for traveling waves in delayed reaction-diffusion equations, J. Differential Equations, 244 (2008), 1551-1570. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2008.01.004. |
[6] | N. F. Britton, Aggregation and the competitive exclusion principle, J. Theor. Biol., 136 (1989), 57-66. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5193(89)80189-4. |
[7] | N. F. Britton, Spatial structures and periodic travelling waves in an integro-differential reaction-diffusion population model, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 50 (1990), 1663-1688. doi: 10.1137/0150099. |
[8] | V. Capasso and G. Serio, A generalization of the Kermack-McKendrick deterministic epidemic model, Math. Biosci., 42 (1978), 43-61. doi: 10.1016/0025-5564(78)90006-8. |
[9] | J. Carr and A. Chmaj, Uniqueness of travelling waves for nonlocal monostable equations, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 132 (2004), 2433-2439. doi: 10.1090/S0002-9939-04-07432-5. |
[10] | H. Cheng and R. Yuan, Traveling wave solutions for a nonlocal dispersal Kermack-McKendrick epidemic model with spatio-temporal delay (in Chinese), Sci. China Math., 45 (2015), 765-788. |
[11] | J. Coville and L. Dupaigne, On a non-local equation arising in population dynamics, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A, 137 (2007), 727-755. doi: 10.1017/S0308210504000721. |
[12] | G. B. Ermentrout and J. B. McLeod, Existence and uniqueness of travelling waves for a neural network, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A, 123 (1993), 461-478. doi: 10.1017/S030821050002583X. |
[13] | Z. Feng and H. R. Thieme, Endemic models with arbitrarily distributed periods of infection Ⅰ: fundamental properties of the model, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 61 (2000), 803-833. doi: 10.1137/S0036139998347834. |
[14] | Z. Feng and H. R. Thieme, Endemic models with arbitrarily distributed periods of infection Ⅱ: fast disease dynamics and permanent recovery, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 61 (2000), 983-1012. doi: 10.1137/S0036139998347846. |
[15] | P. Fife, Some nonclassical trends in parabolic and parabolic-like evolutions, Trends in Nonlinear Analysis, Springer, Berlin, (2003), 153-191. |
[16] | S. A. Gourley, Travelling front solutions of a nonlocal Fisher equation, J. Math. Biol., 41 (2000), 272-284. doi: 10.1007/s002850000047. |
[17] | S. A. Gourley and S. Ruan, Convergence and traveling fronts in functional differential equations with nonlocal terms: a competition model, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 35 (2003), 806-822. doi: 10.1137/S003614100139991. |
[18] | S. Hsu and X. Zhao, Spreading speeds and traveling waves for non-monotone integrodifference equations, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 40 (2008), 776-789. doi: 10.1137/070703016. |
[19] | Z. Hu, P. Bi, W. Ma and S. Ruan, Bifurcations of an SIRS epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 15 (2011), 93-112. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2011.15.93. |
[20] | G. Huang, Y. Takeuchi, W. Ma and D. Wei, Global stability for delay SIR and SEIR epidemic models with nonlinear incidence rate, Bull. Math. Biol., 72 (2010), 1192-1207. doi: 10.1007/s11538-009-9487-6. |
[21] | G. Huang and Y. Takeuchi, Global analysis on delay epidemiological dynamic models with nonlinear incidence, J. Math. Biol., 63 (2011), 125-139. doi: 10.1007/s00285-010-0368-2. |
[22] | V. Hutson, S. Martinez, K. Mischaikow and G. T. Vickers, The evolution of dispersal, J. Math. Biol., 47 (2003), 483-517. doi: 10.1007/s00285-003-0210-1. |
[23] | A. Korobeinikov, Global properties of infectious disease models with nonlinear incidence, Bull. Math. Biol., 69 (2007), 1871-1886. doi: 10.1007/s11538-007-9196-y. |
[24] | W. Li, G. Lin and S. Ruan, Existence of travelling wave solutions in delayed reaction-diffusion systems with applications to diffusion-competition systems, Nonlinearity, 19 (2006), 1253-1273. doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/19/6/003. |
[25] | W. Li and F. Yang, Traveling waves for a nonlocal dispersal SIR model with standard incidence, J. Integral Equations Appl., 26 (2014), 243-273. doi: 10.1216/JIE-2014-26-2-243. |
[26] | D. Liang and J. Wu, Travelling waves and numerical approximations in a reaction advection diffusion equation with nonlocal delayed effects, J. Nonlinear Sci., 13 (2003), 289-310. doi: 10.1007/s00332-003-0524-6. |
[27] | W. Liu, S. A. Levin and Y. Iwasa, Influence of nonlinear incidence rates upon the behavior of SIRS epidemiological models, J. Math. Biol., 23 (1986), 187-204. doi: 10.1007/BF00276956. |
[28] | S. Ma, Traveling wavefronts for delayed reaction-diffusion systems via a fixed point theorem, J. Differential Equations, 171 (2001), 294-314. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.2000.3846. |
[29] | S. Pan, Traveling wave fronts of delayed non-local diffusion systems without quasimonotonicity, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 346 (2008), 415-424. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2008.05.057. |
[30] | K. W. Schaaf, Asymptotic behavior and traveling wave solutions for parabolic functional differential equations, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 302 (1987), 587-615. doi: 10.2307/2000859. |
[31] | Y. Tang, D. Huang, S. Ruan and W. Zhang, Coexistence of limit cycles and homoclinic loops in a SIRS model with a nonlinear incidence rate, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 69 (2008), 621-639. doi: 10.1137/070700966. |
[32] | H. R. Thieme and X. Zhao, Asymptotic speeds of spread and traveling waves for integral equations and delayed reaction-diffusion models, J. Differential Equations, 195 (2003), 430-470. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0396(03)00175-X. |
[33] | Z. Wang, W. Li and S. Ruan, Travelling wave fronts in reaction-diffusion systems with spatio-temporal delays, J. Differential Equations, 222 (2006), 185-232. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2005.08.010. |
[34] | J. Wang, W. Li and F. Yang, Traveling waves in a nonlocal dispersal SIR model with nonlocal delayed transmission, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simulat., 27 (2015), 136-152. doi: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2015.03.005. |
[35] | Z. Wang and J. Wu, Travelling waves of a diffusive Kermack-McKendrick epidemic model with non-local delayed transmission, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A, 466 (2010), 237-261. doi: 10.1098/rspa.2009.0377. |
[36] | S. Wu, C. H. Hsu and Y. Xiao, Global attractivity, spreading speeds and traveling waves of delayed nonlocal reaction-diffusion systems, J. Differential Equations, 258 (2015), 1058-1105. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2014.10.009. |
[37] | D. Xiao and S. Ruan, Global analysis of an epidemic model with nonmonotone incidence rate, Math. Biosci., 208 (2007), 419-429. doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2006.09.025. |
[38] | Z. Xu and D. Xiao, Minimal wave speed and uniqueness of traveling waves for a nonlocal diffusion population model with spatio-temporal delays, Differ. Integral Equ., 27 (2014), 1073-1106. |
[39] | H. Yagisita, Existence and nonexistence of traveling waves for a nonlocal monostable equation, Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci., 45 (2009), 925-953. doi: 10.2977/prims/1260476648. |
[40] | F. Yang, Y. Li, W. Li and Z. Wang, Traveling waves in a nonlocal dispersal Kermack-McKendrick epidemic model, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 18 (2013), 1969-1993. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2013.18.1969. |
[41] | Y. Yang and D. Xiao, Influence of latent period and nonlinear incidence rate on the dynamics of SIRS epidemiological models, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 13 (2010), 195-211. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2010.13.195. |
[42] | Z. Yu and R. Yuan, Traveling wave fronts in reaction-diffusion systems with spatio-temporal delay and applications, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 13 (2010), 709-728. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2010.13.709. |
[43] | G. Zhang, W. Li and Z. Wang, Spreading speeds and traveling waves for nonlocal dispersal equations with degenerate monostable nonlinearity, J. Differential Equations, 252 (2012), 5096-5124. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2012.01.014. |
[44] | X. Zou and J. Wu, Existence of traveling wave fronts in delayed reaction-diffusion systems via the monotone iteration method, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 125 (1997), 2589-2598. doi: 10.1090/S0002-9939-97-04080-X. |