# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

December  2017, 22(10): 3783-3795. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2017190

## Continuity properties of Prandtl-Ishlinskii operators in the space of regulated functions

 1 College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 2 Institute of Mathematics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Žitná 25, CZ-11567 Praha 1, Czech Republic 3 College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

* Corresponding author: Wei Liu

The hospitality of the Hohai University in Nanjing during the second author's stay in OctoberNovember 2016 is gratefully acknowledged

Received  November 2016 Revised  April 2017 Published  July 2017

Fund Project: This work was supported by the Program of High-end Foreign Experts of the SAFEA (No. GDW20163200216). The work of the second author was partially supported by the GACR GrantČ 15-12227S and RVO: 67985840

It is well known that the Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis operator is locally Lipschitz continuous in the space of continuous functions provided its primary response curve is convex or concave. This property can easily be extended to any absolutely continuous primary response curve with derivative of locally bounded variation. Under the same condition, the Prandtl-Ishlinskii operator in the Kurzweil integral setting is locally Lipschitz continuous also in the space of regulated functions. This paper shows that the Prandtl-Ishlinskii operator is still continuous if the primary response curve is only monotone and continuous, and that it may not even be locally Hölder continuous for continuously differentiable primary response curves.

Citation: Wei Liu, Pavel Krejčí, Guoju Ye. Continuity properties of Prandtl-Ishlinskii operators in the space of regulated functions. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2017, 22 (10) : 3783-3795. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2017190
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##### References:
 [1] M. Al Janaideh, S. Rakheja and C.-Y. Su, An analytical generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii model inversion for hysteresis compensation in micropositioning control, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 16 (2011), 734-744. doi: 10.1109/TMECH.2010.2052366. Google Scholar [2] M. Brokate and J. Sprekels, Hysteresis and Phase Transitions, Appl. Math. Sci. , 121, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1996. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4048-8. Google Scholar [3] R. Cross, M. Grinfeld and H. Lamba, A mean-field model of investor behaviour, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 55 (2006), 55-62. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/55/1/005. Google Scholar [4] R. Cross, M. Grinfeld and H. Lamba, Hysteresis and Economics: Taking the economic past into account, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 29 (2009), 30-43. doi: 10.1109/MCS.2008.930445. Google Scholar [5] R. Cross, H. McNamara, A. Pokrovskii and D. Rachinskii, A new paradigm for modelling hysteresis in macroeconomic flows, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 403 (2008), 231-236. doi: 10.1016/j.physb.2007.08.017. Google Scholar [6] M. Grinfeld, H. Lamba and R. Cross, A mesoscopic stock market model with hysteretic agents, Discrete Continuous Dynam. Systems -B, 18 (2013), 403-415. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2013.18.403. Google Scholar [7] A. Yu. Ishlinskii, Some applications of statistical methods to describing deformations of bodies, Izv. AN SSSR, Techn. Ser., 9 (1944), 583-590. Google Scholar [8] M. A. Krasnosel'skii and A. V. Pokrovskii, Systems with Hysteresis, Springer: Berlin; 1989. Russian edition: Nauka: Moscow; 1983. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-61302-9. Google Scholar [9] P. Krejčí, Hysteresis, Convexity and Dissipation in Hyperbolic Equations Gakuto Int. Series Math. Sci. & Appl. , Vol. 8, Gakkotosho, Tokyo 1996. Google Scholar [10] P. Krejčí, The Kurzweil integral and hysteresis, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 55 (2006), 144-154. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/55/1/014. Google Scholar [11] P. Krejčí, H. Lamba, S. Melnik and D. Rachinskii, Kurzweil integral representation of interacting Prandtl-Ishlinskii operators, Discrete Continuous Dynam. Systems -B, 20 (2015), 2949-2965. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2015.20.2949. Google Scholar [12] P. Krejčí, H. Lamba, G.A. Monteiro and D. Rachinskii, The Kurzweil integral in financial market modeling, Math. Bohem., 141 (2016), 261-286. doi: 10.21136/MB.2016.18. Google Scholar [13] P. Krejčí and Ph. Laurençot, Hysteresis filtering in the space of bounded measurable functions, Boll. Unione Mat. Ital. Sez. B Artic. Ric. Mat. (8), 5 (2002), 755-772. Google Scholar [14] P. Krejčí and Ph. Laurençot, Generalized variational inequalities, J. Convex Anal., 9 (2002), 159-183. Google Scholar [15] K. Kuhnen, Modeling, identification and compensation of complex hysteretic nonlinearities: A modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii approach, European Journal of Control, 9 (2003), 407-418. doi: 10.3166/ejc.9.407-418. Google Scholar [16] J. Kurzweil, Generalized ordinary differential equations and continuous dependence on a parameter, Czechoslovak Math. J.(7), 82 (1957), 418-449. Google Scholar [17] L. Prandtl, Ein Gedankenmodell zur kinetischen Theorie der festen Körper, Z. Ang. Math. Mech., 8 (1928), 85-106. Google Scholar [18] M. Sjöström and C. Visone, "Moving" Prandtl-Ishlinskii operators with compensator in a closed form, Physica B -Condensed Matter, 372 (2006), 97-100. doi: 10.1016/j.physb.2005.10.016. Google Scholar
The memory curves $\lambda(r)$ (the bold solid line) and $\hat \lambda(r)$ (the thin solid line)
The memory curves $\lambda(r)$ (the solid line) and $\hat \lambda(r)$ (the {dashed} line)
The primary response curve $\psi_1$ (the bold solid line), its derivative $\psi_1'$ (the bold dashed line), and the piecewise linear regularization $\psi_2'$ of $\psi_1'$ (the thin solid line)
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