Optimal control applied to a generalized Michaelis-Menten model of CML therapy

Urszula Ledzewicz; Helen Moore

doi:10.3934/dcdsb.2018022

Article Contents

2018, Volume 23, Issue 1: 331-346. Doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018022

This issue Previous Article The Krasnosel'skii formula for parabolic differential inclusions with state constraints Next Article Optimal control of the discrete-time fractional-order Cucker-Smale model

Optimal control applied to a generalized Michaelis-Menten model of CML therapy

Urszula Ledzewicz^1,2, , and
Helen Moore^3,

1.
Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026-1653, USA
2.
Institute of Mathematics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
3.
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA

* Corresponding author
* Corresponding author

Received: December 31, 2016

Published: November 2017

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Abstract

We generalize a previously-studied model for chronic myeloid leu-kemia (CML) [13,10] by incorporating a differential equation which has a Michaelis-Menten model as the steady-state solution to the dynamics. We use this more general non-steady-state formulation to represent the effects of various therapies on patients with CML and apply optimal control to compute regimens with the best outcomes. The advantage of using this more general differential equation formulation is to reduce nonlinearities in the model, which enables an analysis of the optimal control problem using Lie-algebraic computations. We show both the theoretical analysis for the problem and give graphs that represent numerically-computed optimal combination regimens for treating the disease.

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Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 92C50, 49K15; Secondary: 92C45.

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Figure 1. Diagram of the dynamical system. The shaded circular regions represent the "populations" or "states" included in the model. Solid arrows extending from or to the populations represent changes in numbers, with inward-pointing arrows signifying increases in numbers and outward-pointing arrows decreases in numbers. Dashed arrows indicate indirect effects leading to increases or decreases. Colored bars represent inhibition of a production or of an indirect effect, due to the represented treatment. Colored arrows represent amplification of a rate or of an indirect effect

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Figure 2. Comparison of locally optimal controls (left column) and corresponding time-evolution of the states (right column). The top row shows the solutions for the optimal control problem [OC1] with dynamics (29)-(31) while the middle and bottom row show solutions for problem [OC2] with dynamics (32)-(37). For the solution shown in the middle row we chose $(b_1,b_2,b_3)=(5,5,5)$ while $(b_1,b_2,b_3)=(0.05,0.02,0.010)$ for the solution shown in the bottom row

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Table 1. Cell populations, dose levels, and parameters used in calculations

Symbol	Interpretation	Units	values
$Q$	concentration of quiescent leukemic cells	cells/$\mu$L
$Q_\text{init}$	initial value of Q	cells/$\mu$L	$0.100$
$P$	concentration of proliferating leukemic cells	cells/$\mu$L
$P_\text{init}$	initial value of P	cells/$\mu$L	$1670$
$P_\text{ss}$	steady-state of P	cells/$\mu$L	$3330$
$PC_{50}$	value of $P$ with half the maximum effect	cells/$\mu$L	$1110$
$E$	effector T cells	cells/$\mu$L
$E_\text{init}$	initial value of E	cells/$\mu$L	$1700$
$E_\text{ss}$	carrying capacity of effector T cells	cells/$\mu$L	$3500$
$EC_{50}$	value of $E$ with half the maximum effect	cells/$\mu$L	$2500$
$r_{Q}$	replication rate constant of quiescent cells	1/month	$0.011$
$\delta_{Q}$	natural death rate constant of quiescent cells	1/month	$0.00225$
$k_{P}$	rate constant of $Q$ cells differentiating into $P$	1/month	$1.6$
$r_{P}$	replication rate constant	1/month	$0.03$
	of proliferating leukemic cells
$\delta_{P}$	natural death rate constant	1/month	$0.002$
	of proliferating leukemic cells
$s_{E}$	growth rate constant for effector T cells	1/month	$0.01$
$\delta_{E}$	natural death rate constant of effector T cells	1/month	$0.02$
$P_{\max,1}$	maximum stimulation effect of $P$ on $E$		$0.8$
$P_{\max,2}$	maximum inhibition effect of $P$ on $E$		$0.5$
$E_{\max,1}$	maximum effect of $E$ on $Q$		$2$
$E_{\max,2}$	maximum effect of $E$ on $P$		$2$
$u_{1}$	dose level of a general BCR-ABL1 inhibitor	mg
	(e.g., imatinib)
$u_{1}^{\max}$	maximum dose level of $u_1$	mg	$800$
$U1C_{50}$	level of $u_{1}$ that gives half the maximum effect	mg	$300$
$U1_{\max,1}$	maximum possible effect of $u_{1}$		$0.8$
	on new $P$ from $Q$ and growth of $P$
$U1_{\max,2}$	maximum effect of $u_{1}$ on death of $P$		$10$
$u_{2}$	dose level of a BCR-ABL1 inhibitor that also has immunomodulatory effects (e.g., dasatinib)	mg
$u_{2}^{\max}$	maximum dose level of $u_2$	mg	$140$
$U2C_{50}$	dose level of $u_{2}$ that gives half the maximum effect	mg	$40$
$U2_{\max,1}$	maximum effect of $u_{2}$ on death of $Q$ or $P$		$2$
$U2_{\max,2}$	maximum effect of $u_{2}$ on new $P$ from $Q$ and growth of $P$		$0.6$
$U2_{\max,3}$	maximum effect of $u_{2}$ on death of $P$		$10$
$U2_{\max,4}$	maximum effect of $u_{2}$ on stimulating proliferation of $E$		$10$
$U2_{\max,5}$	maximum effect of $u_{2}$ on prevention of the death of $E$		$0.4$
$u_{3}$	dose level of an immunomodulatory agent	mg
	(e.g., nivolumab)
$u_{3}^{\max}$	maximum dose level of $u_3$	mg	$240$
$U3C_{50}$	dose level of $u_{3}$ that gives half the maximum effect	mg	$80$
$U3_{\max,1}$	maximum effect of $u_{3}$ on death of $Q$ or $P$		$1$
$U3_{\max,2}$	maximum effect of $u_{3}$ on stimulating proliferation of $E$		$1$
$U3_{\max,3}$	maximum effect of $u_{3}$ on prevention of the death of $E$		$0.7$

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