Extinction and the Allee effect in an age structured Ricker population model with inter-stage interaction

Nika Lazaryan; Hassan Sedaghat

doi:10.3934/dcdsb.2018040

Article Contents

2018, Volume 23, Issue 2: 731-747. Doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018040

This issue Previous Article Cascades of alternating smooth bifurcations and border collision bifurcations with singularity in a family of discontinuous linear-power maps Next Article Long-time behavior of a class of nonlocal partial differential equations

Extinction and the Allee effect in an age structured Ricker population model with inter-stage interaction

Nika Lazaryan^, and
Hassan Sedaghat

Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842014, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2014, USA

* Corresponding author: Nika Lazaryan
* Corresponding author: Nika Lazaryan

Received: September 30, 2016

Revised: August 31, 2017

Early access: February 2018

Published: June 2018

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Abstract

We study the evolution in discrete time of certain age-structured populations, such as adults and juveniles, with a Ricker fitness function. We determine conditions for the convergence of orbits to the origin (extinction) in the presence of the Allee effect and time-dependent vital rates. We show that when stages interact, they may survive in the absence of interior fixed points, a surprising situation that is impossible without inter-stage interactions. We also examine the shift in the interior Allee equilibrium caused by the occurrence of interactions between stages and find that the extinction or Allee threshold does not extend to the new boundaries set by the shift in equilibrium, i.e. no interior equilibria are on the extinction threshold.

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Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 39A10, 39A23, 39A33; Secondary: 92D25.

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Figure 1. $E_{0}$ with $\lambda =3$, $a = 0.7936$, $b = 0.0891$, $s^{\prime} = 1$

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Figure 2. $E$ (shaded) and its complement for $\lambda =3$, $a = 0.7936$, $b = 0.0891$, $s^{\prime} = 1$

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Figure 3. $E$ for $\lambda =2$, $a = 1.1$, $s^{\prime} = 1$ and two different values of $b$

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Table 1. A summary of results

	Conditions	Outcomes and Comments	References
General	$x_{0}, x_{1}<\rho $	Extinction for all possible parameter values if	Thrm 1(b)
		initial values are bounded by $\rho $; $ \lbrack 0, \rho )^{2}\subset E_{0}$
	(9)	Extinction for all positive initial values; $ E_{0}=[0, \infty )^{2}$	Thrm 1(c)
No inter-stage interactions	(23)	Extinction for all positive initial values; $E_{0}=[0, \infty )^{2}$	Cor 9(a)
	(24)	Extinction with $ E_{0}\subset \lbrack 0, u^{\ast })\times \lbrack 0, u^{\ast }/s^{\prime })$	Cor 9(b)
	(24), (25)	Survival for $x_{0}, x_{1}\in \lbrack u^{\ast }, \bar{u}]^{2}$	Cor 9(c)
		Survival if $x_{0}=u^{\ast }, x_{1}=0$ or $ x_{1}=u^{\ast }, x_{0}=0$	Cor 9(d)
With inter-stage interactions	(23)	Extinction for all positive initial values; $E_{0}=[0, \infty )^{2}$	Cor 15(a)
	(33)	No positive equilibria but $E_{0}\not=[0, \infty )^{2}$; i.e. survival	Cor 15(b)
		is possible with some positive initial values!
	(31), (34)	Extinction occurs from some initial values, survival	Open problems
		from others; nontrivial basins (see Figures 1-3)

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