The modified Camassa-Holm equation in Lagrangian coordinates

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August 2018, 23(6): 2545-2592. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018067

The modified Camassa-Holm equation in Lagrangian coordinates

1.	Department of Mathematics of Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
2.	Department of Physics and Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA

* Corresponding author: Yu Gao

Received June 2017 Revised September 2017 Published February 2018

Fund Project: The second author is supported by KI-Net NSF RNMS (Grant No. 1107444) and NSF DMS (Grant No. 1514826)

In this paper, we study the modified Camassa-Holm (mCH) equation in Lagrangian coordinates. For some initial data $m_0$, we show that classical solutions to this equation blow up in finite time $T_{max}$. Before $T_{max}$, existence and uniqueness of classical solutions are established. Lifespan for classical solutions is obtained: $T_{max}≥ \frac{1}{||m_0||_{L^∞}||m_0||_{L^1}}.$ And there is a unique solution $X(ξ, t)$ to the Lagrange dynamics which is a strictly monotonic function of $ξ$ for any $t∈[0, T_{max})$: $X_ξ(·, t)>0$. As $t$ approaching $T_{max}$, we prove that the classical solution $m(·, t)$ in Eulerian coordinates has a unique limit $m(·, T_{max})$ in Radon measure space and there is a point $ξ_0$ such that $X_ξ(ξ_0, T_{max}) = 0$ which means $T_{max}$ is an onset time of collisions of characteristics. We also show that in some cases peakons are formed at $T_{max}$. After $T_{max}$, we regularize the Lagrange dynamics to prove global existence of weak solutions $m$ in Radon measure space.

Keywords: Integrable system, Lagrange dynamics, finite time blow up, local classical solutions, global weak solutions.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35G25, 35B44; Secondary: 35D30.

Citation: Yu Gao, Jian-Guo Liu. The modified Camassa-Holm equation in Lagrangian coordinates. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2018, 23 (6) : 2545-2592. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018067

References:

[1]	J. T. Beale, T. Kato and A. Majda, Remarks on the breakdown of smooth solutions for the 3-d euler equations, Comm. Math. Phys., 94 (1984), 61-66. doi: 10.1007/BF01212349. Google Scholar
[2]	L. Brandolese, Local-in-space criteria for blowup in shallow water and dispersive rod equations, Comm. Math. Phys., 330 (2014), 401-414. doi: 10.1007/s00220-014-1958-4. Google Scholar
[3]	A. Bressan, Hyperbolic Systems of Conservation Laws: The One-Dimensional Cauchy Problem, volume 20. Oxford University Press on Demand, 2000. Google Scholar
[4]	A. Bressan and A. Constantin, Global conservative solutions of the Camassa-Holm equation, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 183 (2007), 215-239. doi: 10.1007/s00205-006-0010-z. Google Scholar
[5]	A. Bressan and A. Constantin, Global dissipative solutions of the Camassa-Holm equation, Anal. Appl., 5 (2007), 1-27. doi: 10.1142/S0219530507000857. Google Scholar
[6]	R. Camassa and D. D. Holm, An integrable shallow water equation with peaked solitons, Phys. Rev. Lett., 71 (1993), 1661-1664. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1661. Google Scholar
[7]	R. Camassa, J. Huang and L. Lee, Integral and integrable algorithms for a nonlinear shallow-water wave equation, J. Comput. Phys., 216 (2006), 547-572. doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.12.013. Google Scholar
[8]	R. M. Chen, Y. Liu, C. Qu and S. Zhang, Oscillation-induced blow-up to the modified Camassa-Holm equation with linear dispersion, Adv. Math., 272 (2015), 225-251. doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2014.12.003. Google Scholar
[9]	A. Chertock, J.-G. Liu and T. Pendleton, Convergence of a particle method and global weak solutions of a family of evolutionary PDEs, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 50 (2012), 1-21. doi: 10.1137/110831386. Google Scholar
[10]	A. Constantin, Existence of permanent and breaking waves for a shallow water equation: A geometric approach, In Ann. Inst. Fourier, 50 (2000), 321-362. doi: 10.5802/aif.1757. Google Scholar
[11]	A. Constantin and J. Escher, Wave breaking for nonlinear nonlocal shallow water equations, Acta. Math., 181 (1998), 229-243. doi: 10.1007/BF02392586. Google Scholar
[12]	A. Constantin and L. Molinet, Global weak solutions for a shallow water equation, Comm. Math. Phys., 211 (2000), 45-61. doi: 10.1007/s002200050801. Google Scholar
[13]	R. Danchin, A few remarks on the Camassa-Holm equation, Diff. Int. Eq., 14 (2001), 953-988. Google Scholar
[14]	A. S. Fokas, The Korteweg-de Vries equation and beyond, Acta Appl. Math., 39 (1995), 295-305. doi: 10.1007/BF00994638. Google Scholar
[15]	Y. Fu, G. Gui, Y. Liu and C. Qu, On the cauchy problem for the integrable modified Camassa-Holm equation with cubic nonlinearity, J. Differential Equations, 255 (2013), 1905-1938. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2013.05.024. Google Scholar
[16]	B. Fuchssteiner, Some tricks from the symmetry-toolbox for nonlinear equations: generalizations of the Camassa-Holm equation, Phys. D, 95 (1996), 229-243. doi: 10.1016/0167-2789(96)00048-6. Google Scholar
[17]	Y. Gao and J.-G. Liu, Global convergence of a sticky particle method for the modified Camassa-Holm equation, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 49 (2017), 1267-1294. doi: 10.1137/16M1102069. Google Scholar
[18]	G. Gui, Y. Liu, P. J. Olver and C. Qu, Wave-breaking and peakons for a modified Camassa-Holm equation, Comm. Math. Phys., 319 (2013), 731-759. doi: 10.1007/s00220-012-1566-0. Google Scholar
[19]	H. Holden and X. Raynaud, Convergence of a finite difference scheme for the Camassa-Holm equation, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 44 (2006), 1655-1680. doi: 10.1137/040611975. Google Scholar
[20]	H. Holden and X. Raynaud, Global conservative solutions of the Camassa-Holm equation-a lagrangian point of view, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 32 (2007), 1511-1549. doi: 10.1080/03605300601088674. Google Scholar
[21]	A.A. Himonas, G. Misiolek, G. Ponce and Y. Zhou, Persistence properties and unique continuation of solutions of the Camassa-Holm equation, Comm. Math. Phys., 271 (2007), 511-522. doi: 10.1007/s00220-006-0172-4. Google Scholar
[22]	Z. Jiang, L. Ni and Y. Zhou, Wave breaking of the Camassa-Holm equation, J. Nonlinear Sci., 22 (2012), 235-245. doi: 10.1007/s00332-011-9115-0. Google Scholar
[23]	G. Leoni, A First Course in Sobolev Spaces, volume 105, American Mathematical Society Providence, RI, 2009. Google Scholar
[24]	Y. Liu, P. J. Olver, C. Qu and S. Zhang, On the blow-up of solutions to the integrable modified Camassa-Holm equation, Anal. Appl., 12 (2014), 355-368. doi: 10.1142/S0219530514500274. Google Scholar
[25]	H. P. McKean, Breakdown of a shallow water equation, Asian J. Math., 2 (1998), 867-874. doi: 10.4310/AJM.1998.v2.n4.a10. Google Scholar
[26]	L. Molinet, On well-posedness results for Camassa-Holm equation on the line: A survey, J. Nonlinear Math. Phy., 11 (2013), 521-533. doi: 10.2991/jnmp.2004.11.4.8. Google Scholar
[27]	L. Ni and Y. Zhou, Well-posedness and persistence properties for the Novikov equation, J. Differential Equations, 250 (2011), 3002-3021. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2011.01.030. Google Scholar
[28]	P. J. Olver and P. Rosenau, Tri-hamiltonian duality between solitons and solitary-wave solutions having compact support, Phys. Rev. E, 53 (1996), 1900-1906. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.1900. Google Scholar
[29]	Z. Qiao, A new integrable equation with cuspons and w/m-shape-peaks solitons J. Math. Phys. , 47 (2006), 112701, 9 pp. doi: 10.1063/1.2365758. Google Scholar
[30]	C. Villani, Topics in Optimal Transportation, Number 58. American Mathematical Soc., 2003. Google Scholar
[31]	Z. Xin and P. Zhang, On the weak solutions to a shallow water equation, Comm. Pure. Appl. Math., 53 (2000), 1411-1433. doi: 10.1002/1097-0312(200011)53:11<1411::AID-CPA4>3.0.CO;2-5. Google Scholar
[32]	Z. Xin and P. Zhang, On the uniqueness and large time behavior of the weak solutions to a shallow water equation, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 27 (2002), 1815-1844. doi: 10.1081/PDE-120016129. Google Scholar
[33]	Q. Zhang, Global wellposedness of cubic Camassa-Holm equations, Nonlinear Anal., 133 (2016), 61-73. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2015.11.020. Google Scholar
[34]	Y. Zhou, Blow-up of solutions to the DGH equation, J. Funct. Anal., 250 (2007), 227-248. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2007.04.019. Google Scholar
[35]	Y. Zhou and Z. Guo, Blow up and propagation speed of solutions to the DGH equation, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 12 (2009), 657-670. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2009.12.657. Google Scholar

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References:

[1]	J. T. Beale, T. Kato and A. Majda, Remarks on the breakdown of smooth solutions for the 3-d euler equations, Comm. Math. Phys., 94 (1984), 61-66. doi: 10.1007/BF01212349. Google Scholar
[2]	L. Brandolese, Local-in-space criteria for blowup in shallow water and dispersive rod equations, Comm. Math. Phys., 330 (2014), 401-414. doi: 10.1007/s00220-014-1958-4. Google Scholar
[3]	A. Bressan, Hyperbolic Systems of Conservation Laws: The One-Dimensional Cauchy Problem, volume 20. Oxford University Press on Demand, 2000. Google Scholar
[4]	A. Bressan and A. Constantin, Global conservative solutions of the Camassa-Holm equation, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 183 (2007), 215-239. doi: 10.1007/s00205-006-0010-z. Google Scholar
[5]	A. Bressan and A. Constantin, Global dissipative solutions of the Camassa-Holm equation, Anal. Appl., 5 (2007), 1-27. doi: 10.1142/S0219530507000857. Google Scholar
[6]	R. Camassa and D. D. Holm, An integrable shallow water equation with peaked solitons, Phys. Rev. Lett., 71 (1993), 1661-1664. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1661. Google Scholar
[7]	R. Camassa, J. Huang and L. Lee, Integral and integrable algorithms for a nonlinear shallow-water wave equation, J. Comput. Phys., 216 (2006), 547-572. doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.12.013. Google Scholar
[8]	R. M. Chen, Y. Liu, C. Qu and S. Zhang, Oscillation-induced blow-up to the modified Camassa-Holm equation with linear dispersion, Adv. Math., 272 (2015), 225-251. doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2014.12.003. Google Scholar
[9]	A. Chertock, J.-G. Liu and T. Pendleton, Convergence of a particle method and global weak solutions of a family of evolutionary PDEs, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 50 (2012), 1-21. doi: 10.1137/110831386. Google Scholar
[10]	A. Constantin, Existence of permanent and breaking waves for a shallow water equation: A geometric approach, In Ann. Inst. Fourier, 50 (2000), 321-362. doi: 10.5802/aif.1757. Google Scholar
[11]	A. Constantin and J. Escher, Wave breaking for nonlinear nonlocal shallow water equations, Acta. Math., 181 (1998), 229-243. doi: 10.1007/BF02392586. Google Scholar
[12]	A. Constantin and L. Molinet, Global weak solutions for a shallow water equation, Comm. Math. Phys., 211 (2000), 45-61. doi: 10.1007/s002200050801. Google Scholar
[13]	R. Danchin, A few remarks on the Camassa-Holm equation, Diff. Int. Eq., 14 (2001), 953-988. Google Scholar
[14]	A. S. Fokas, The Korteweg-de Vries equation and beyond, Acta Appl. Math., 39 (1995), 295-305. doi: 10.1007/BF00994638. Google Scholar
[15]	Y. Fu, G. Gui, Y. Liu and C. Qu, On the cauchy problem for the integrable modified Camassa-Holm equation with cubic nonlinearity, J. Differential Equations, 255 (2013), 1905-1938. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2013.05.024. Google Scholar
[16]	B. Fuchssteiner, Some tricks from the symmetry-toolbox for nonlinear equations: generalizations of the Camassa-Holm equation, Phys. D, 95 (1996), 229-243. doi: 10.1016/0167-2789(96)00048-6. Google Scholar
[17]	Y. Gao and J.-G. Liu, Global convergence of a sticky particle method for the modified Camassa-Holm equation, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 49 (2017), 1267-1294. doi: 10.1137/16M1102069. Google Scholar
[18]	G. Gui, Y. Liu, P. J. Olver and C. Qu, Wave-breaking and peakons for a modified Camassa-Holm equation, Comm. Math. Phys., 319 (2013), 731-759. doi: 10.1007/s00220-012-1566-0. Google Scholar
[19]	H. Holden and X. Raynaud, Convergence of a finite difference scheme for the Camassa-Holm equation, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 44 (2006), 1655-1680. doi: 10.1137/040611975. Google Scholar
[20]	H. Holden and X. Raynaud, Global conservative solutions of the Camassa-Holm equation-a lagrangian point of view, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 32 (2007), 1511-1549. doi: 10.1080/03605300601088674. Google Scholar
[21]	A.A. Himonas, G. Misiolek, G. Ponce and Y. Zhou, Persistence properties and unique continuation of solutions of the Camassa-Holm equation, Comm. Math. Phys., 271 (2007), 511-522. doi: 10.1007/s00220-006-0172-4. Google Scholar
[22]	Z. Jiang, L. Ni and Y. Zhou, Wave breaking of the Camassa-Holm equation, J. Nonlinear Sci., 22 (2012), 235-245. doi: 10.1007/s00332-011-9115-0. Google Scholar
[23]	G. Leoni, A First Course in Sobolev Spaces, volume 105, American Mathematical Society Providence, RI, 2009. Google Scholar
[24]	Y. Liu, P. J. Olver, C. Qu and S. Zhang, On the blow-up of solutions to the integrable modified Camassa-Holm equation, Anal. Appl., 12 (2014), 355-368. doi: 10.1142/S0219530514500274. Google Scholar
[25]	H. P. McKean, Breakdown of a shallow water equation, Asian J. Math., 2 (1998), 867-874. doi: 10.4310/AJM.1998.v2.n4.a10. Google Scholar
[26]	L. Molinet, On well-posedness results for Camassa-Holm equation on the line: A survey, J. Nonlinear Math. Phy., 11 (2013), 521-533. doi: 10.2991/jnmp.2004.11.4.8. Google Scholar
[27]	L. Ni and Y. Zhou, Well-posedness and persistence properties for the Novikov equation, J. Differential Equations, 250 (2011), 3002-3021. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2011.01.030. Google Scholar
[28]	P. J. Olver and P. Rosenau, Tri-hamiltonian duality between solitons and solitary-wave solutions having compact support, Phys. Rev. E, 53 (1996), 1900-1906. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.53.1900. Google Scholar
[29]	Z. Qiao, A new integrable equation with cuspons and w/m-shape-peaks solitons J. Math. Phys. , 47 (2006), 112701, 9 pp. doi: 10.1063/1.2365758. Google Scholar
[30]	C. Villani, Topics in Optimal Transportation, Number 58. American Mathematical Soc., 2003. Google Scholar
[31]	Z. Xin and P. Zhang, On the weak solutions to a shallow water equation, Comm. Pure. Appl. Math., 53 (2000), 1411-1433. doi: 10.1002/1097-0312(200011)53:11<1411::AID-CPA4>3.0.CO;2-5. Google Scholar
[32]	Z. Xin and P. Zhang, On the uniqueness and large time behavior of the weak solutions to a shallow water equation, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 27 (2002), 1815-1844. doi: 10.1081/PDE-120016129. Google Scholar
[33]	Q. Zhang, Global wellposedness of cubic Camassa-Holm equations, Nonlinear Anal., 133 (2016), 61-73. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2015.11.020. Google Scholar
[34]	Y. Zhou, Blow-up of solutions to the DGH equation, J. Funct. Anal., 250 (2007), 227-248. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2007.04.019. Google Scholar
[35]	Y. Zhou and Z. Guo, Blow up and propagation speed of solutions to the DGH equation, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 12 (2009), 657-670. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2009.12.657. Google Scholar

Figure 1. At $T_{max}$, $X_\xi(\cdot,T_{max})\geq0$ and $X_\xi(\xi,T_{max}) = 0$ for $\xi\in\{\xi_1,\xi_4\}\cup[\xi_{21},\xi_{22}]\cup[\xi_{31},\xi_{32}]$. $F_{T_{max}} = \{x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4\}$ and $\widehat{F}_{T_{max}} = \{x_2,x_3\}$

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