A survey of results on conservation laws with deterministic and random initial data

Figure 1.  (a) By taking a cross-section in time, one can obtain a cumulative distribution function of the mass as a function of position; (b) Illustration of the potential as a function of mass; (c) Illustration of the flux function of mass

Figure 2.  (a) Cumulative distribution function of mass as a function of position; (b) Construction of $\Psi\left( 0, x\right) $

Figure 3.  (a) Representation of mass in cumulative distribution form up to a point $x$ in the $xt$ plane; (b)-(d) Plot of the expression $\Phi^{0}\left( m\right) +tA\left( m\right) $ for times $t = 0, 1, 2$ respectively in solid lines; following the dashed lines forms the convex hull, yielding the Legendre transform $\Phi_{n}\left( t, m\right) .$ Note that for (b) and (c), the expression and its convex hull are identical, and in (d) there is a distinction, with the convex hull indicated by the dashed blue line

Figure 4.  Evolution of the discrete example and mapping back using the flow map. Highlighted in blue (long-short dash lines) are intervals unchanged under the flow map. In red (long dashed line) are intervals for which the flow map inverse is undefined. The points in green correspond to single points for which an entire interval is mapped back onto, which occurs in notably many cases. For example, $\varphi_{t_{2}^{\ast}}^{-1}\left( I_{2}^{1\ast}\right) = \left\{ 0\right\} $ and $\varphi_{t_{1}^{\ast}}^{-1}\left( \left\{ -2\right\} \right) = \left\{ \emptyset\right\} $

Figure 5.  Graphs of (a) $\int_{0+0}^{y-0}tu_{0}\left( \eta\right) dm_{0}\left( \eta\right) $ (with $t = 1$), (b) $\int_{0+0}^{y-0}\left( \eta-x\right) dm_{0}\left( \eta\right) $, (c) $F\left( y;0, 1\right) $

Figure 6.  For a shock at a point $x^{\ast}$, we slide the parabola $\left( x-x^{\ast}\right) ^{2}/2$ down until we have (at least) two contact points with the Brownian path, but in such a way that the parabola does not cross the Brownian path. If there are more than two, we consider only the first and last contact points. These points are given by $\left( \xi_{-}, \left( \xi _{-}-x^{\ast}\right) ^{2}/2\right) $ and $\left( \xi_{+}, \left( \xi _{+}-x^{\ast}\right) ^{2}/2\right) $. The shock is then described by the parameters $\mu = \xi_{+}-\xi_{-}$ and $\nu = x^{\ast}-\xi_{-}.$ This figure is based off Figure 1, [16]

Figure 7.  Illustration of the flux function as described above

Figure 8.  (a)-(b) Construction of the test functions $\varphi_{k}\left( u\right) $ and $\psi_{k}\left( u\right) $; (c) Illustration of a shock, with positive contribution from $\partial_{t}p_{1}\left( x, t;u_{l}\right) $ (upward arrow, blue), and negative contribution from $p_{2}\left( x, x+, t;u_{l}, u_{r}\right) $ (right arrow, red)