# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

September  2020, 25(11): 4427-4447. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020106

## Kink solitary solutions to a hepatitis C evolution model

 1 Research Group for Mathematical, and Numerical Analysis of Dynamical Systems, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 50-147, Kaunas LT-51368, Lithuania 2 Nonlinear Dynamics, Chaos and Complex Systems Group, Departamento de Física, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain 3 Department of Applied Informatics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 50-407, Kaunas LT-51368, Lithuania 4 Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA 5 Department of Software Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 50-415, Kaunas LT-51368, Lithuania

Received  July 2017 Published  March 2020

The standard nonlinear hepatitis C evolution model described in (Reluga et al. 2009) is considered in this paper. The generalized differential operator technique is used to construct analytical kink solitary solutions to the governing equations coupled with multiplicative and diffusive terms. Conditions for the existence of kink solitary solutions are derived. It appears that kink solitary solutions are either in a linear or in a hyperbolic relationship. Thus, a large perturbation in the population of hepatitis infected cells does not necessarily lead to a large change in uninfected cells. Computational experiments are used to illustrate the evolution of transient solitary solutions in the hepatitis C model.

Citation: Tadas Telksnys, Zenonas Navickas, Miguel A. F. Sanjuán, Romas Marcinkevicius, Minvydas Ragulskis. Kink solitary solutions to a hepatitis C evolution model. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2020, 25 (11) : 4427-4447. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020106
##### References:

show all references

##### References:
Kink solutions $\widehat{x}, \widehat{y}$ to (112) with $\widehat{c} = 1$. The black line denotes $\widehat{x}\left(t\right)$; the gray line denotes $\widehat{y}\left(t\right)$. In (a), $u = 10, v = -4$; in (b), $u = -2, v = 0$
Kink solutions $x, y$ to (112) with $c = 0$. The black line denotes $x\left(\tau\right)$; the gray line denotes $y\left(\tau\right)$. In (a), $u = 10, v = -4$; in (b), $u = -2, v = 0$
Phase plot of (112). Black lines denote kink solution trajectories. The gray circle denotes the unstable node (110). The gray dashed line denotes the equilibrium line (111). Gray arrows denote the direction field. The dotted line illustrates that perturbations in infected cell population $y$ lead to proportional changes in uninfected cell population $x$. As the solution evolves from point $A$ to $B$, $y$ increases by $0.46$, while $x$ decreases by $1.09$
Plot of error (128) for $c = 0, u = 5, v = 1$. Conditions (126) and (127) hold true. The step size $h$ is $10^{-4}$; error is estimated over $N = 100$ steps. Errors higher than 10 are truncated to 10 for clarity. Note that the error is almost zero on the curve defined by (125)
Plot of error (128) for $c = 0, u = 5, v = 1$. Conditions (125) and (127) hold true. The step size $h$ is $10^{-3}$; error is estimated over $N = 30$ steps. Errors higher than 2 are truncated to 2 for clarity. Note that the error is almost zero on the line defined by (126)
Plot of error (128) for $c = 0, u = 5, v = 1$. Conditions (125), (126) hold true. The step size $h$ is $10^{-3}$; error is estimated over $N = 30$ steps. Errors higher than 100 are truncated to 100 for clarity. Note that the error is almost zero on the hyperbola defined by (127)
Kink solutions to (132) with $\widehat{c} = 1$. The black line denotes $\widehat{x}\left(t\right)$; the gray line denotes $\widehat{y}\left(t\right)$. In (a), $u = 4, v = 1$; in (b), $u = -5, v = 2$
Kink solutions to (131) with $c = 0$. The black line denotes $x\left(\tau\right)$; the gray line denotes $y\left(\tau\right)$. In (a), $u = 4, v = 1$; in (b), $u = -5, v = 2$
Phase plot of (131). Black lines denote kink solution trajectories. The gray diamond denotes the saddle point (129). The gray dashed line denotes the equilibrium line (130). Gray arrows denote direction field. The dotted line illustrates that large perturbations in infected cell population $y$ lead to small changes in uninfected cell population $x$. As the solution evolves from point $A$ to $B$, $y$ decreases by $5.19$, while $x$ increases by $0.39$
 [1] Yukihiko Nakata. Existence of a period two solution of a delay differential equation. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2020  doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2020392 [2] Elamin H. Elbasha. Model for hepatitis C virus transmissions. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2013, 10 (4) : 1045-1065. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2013.10.1045 [3] Sertan Alkan. A new solution method for nonlinear fractional integro-differential equations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2015, 8 (6) : 1065-1077. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2015.8.1065 [4] Defei Zhang, Ping He. Functional solution about stochastic differential equation driven by $G$-Brownian motion. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2015, 20 (1) : 281-293. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2015.20.281 [5] Yiren Chen, Zhengrong Liu. The bifurcations of solitary and kink waves described by the Gardner equation. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2016, 9 (6) : 1629-1645. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2016067 [6] Bao-Zhu Guo, Li-Ming Cai. A note for the global stability of a delay differential equation of hepatitis B virus infection. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2011, 8 (3) : 689-694. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2011.8.689 [7] Út V. Lê. Regularity of the solution of a nonlinear wave equation. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2010, 9 (4) : 1099-1115. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2010.9.1099 [8] Roberto Garrappa, Eleonora Messina, Antonia Vecchio. Effect of perturbation in the numerical solution of fractional differential equations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2018, 23 (7) : 2679-2694. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2017188 [9] Shaoyong Lai, Yong Hong Wu. The asymptotic solution of the Cauchy problem for a generalized Boussinesq equation. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2003, 3 (3) : 401-408. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2003.3.401 [10] Shouchuan Hu, Nikolaos S. Papageorgiou. Nonlinear Neumann equations driven by a nonhomogeneous differential operator. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2011, 10 (4) : 1055-1078. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2011.10.1055 [11] John A. D. Appleby, John A. Daniels. Exponential growth in the solution of an affine stochastic differential equation with an average functional and financial market bubbles. Conference Publications, 2011, 2011 (Special) : 91-101. doi: 10.3934/proc.2011.2011.91 [12] Heiko Enderling, Alexander R.A. Anderson, Mark A.J. Chaplain, Glenn W.A. Rowe. Visualisation of the numerical solution of partial differential equation systems in three space dimensions and its importance for mathematical models in biology. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2006, 3 (4) : 571-582. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2006.3.571 [13] Oussama Landoulsi. Construction of a solitary wave solution of the nonlinear focusing schrödinger equation outside a strictly convex obstacle in the $L^2$-supercritical case. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2020  doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020298 [14] Dominika Pilarczyk. Asymptotic stability of singular solution to nonlinear heat equation. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2009, 25 (3) : 991-1001. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2009.25.991 [15] Piotr Kowalski. The existence of a solution for Dirichlet boundary value problem for a Duffing type differential inclusion. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2014, 19 (8) : 2569-2580. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2014.19.2569 [16] Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Edite M.G.P. Fernandes. A modified differential evolution based solution technique for economic dispatch problems. Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization, 2012, 8 (4) : 1017-1038. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2012.8.1017 [17] Minoo Kamrani. Numerical solution of partial differential equations with stochastic Neumann boundary conditions. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2019, 24 (10) : 5337-5354. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2019061 [18] Alain Bensoussan, Shaokuan Chen, Suresh P. Sethi. Linear quadratic differential games with mixed leadership: The open-loop solution. Numerical Algebra, Control & Optimization, 2013, 3 (1) : 95-108. doi: 10.3934/naco.2013.3.95 [19] Iasson Karafyllis, Lars Grüne. Feedback stabilization methods for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2011, 16 (1) : 283-317. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2011.16.283 [20] Changrong Zhu, Bin Long. The periodic solutions bifurcated from a homoclinic solution for parabolic differential equations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2016, 21 (10) : 3793-3808. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2016121

2019 Impact Factor: 1.27