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August
2021, 26(8): 4407-4431.
doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020293
Bifurcations in an economic model with fractional degree
Department of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China |
A planar ODE system which models the industrialization of a small open economy is considered. Because fractional powers are involved, its interior equilibria are hardly found by solving a transcendental equation and the routine qualitative analysis is not applicable. We qualitatively discuss the transcendental equation, eliminating the transcendental term to polynomialize the expression of extreme value, so that we can compute polynomials to obtain the number of interior equilibria in all cases and complete their qualitative analysis. Orbits near the origin, at which the system cannot be extended differentiably, are investigated by using the GNS method. Then we display all bifurcations of equilibria such as saddle-node bifurcation, transcritical bifurcation and a codimension 2 bifurcation on a one-dimensional center manifold. Furthermore, we prove nonexistence of closed orbits, homoclinic loops and heteroclinic loops, exhibit global orbital structure of the system and analyze the tendency of the industrialization development.
Mathematics Subject Classification:
Primary: 34C05, 34C23, 34C60; Secondary: 91B55.
Citation:
Shaowen Shi, Weinian Zhang. Bifurcations in an economic model with fractional degree. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - B,
2021, 26
(8)
: 4407-4431.
doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020293
![]()
References:
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A. Antoci, P. Russu, S. Sordi and E. Ticci,
Industrialization and environmental externalities in a Solow-type model, J. Econ. Dynam. Control, 47 (2014), 211-224.
doi: 10.1016/j.jedc.2014.08.009. |
| [2] |
A. Antoci, P. Russu and E. Ticci, Structural change, economic growth and environmental dynamics with heterogeneous agents, in Nonlinear Dynamics in Economics, Finance and the Social Sciences, (eds. G.I. Bischi et. al.), Springer Berlin, (2010), 13–38.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-04023-8_2. |
| [3] |
S. N. Chow and J. K. Hale, Methods of Bifurcation Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1982. |
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W. Easterly, The political economy of growth without development: A case study of Pakistan, in In Search of Prosperity: Analytic Narratives on Economic Growth, (ed. D. Rodrik), Princeton University Press, Princeton, (2013), 439–472.
doi: 10.1515/9781400845897-016. |
| [5] |
M. Frommer,
Die intergralkurven einer gewöhnlichen differentialgleichung erster ordnung in der umgebung rationaler unbestimmtheitsstellen, Math. Ann., 99 (1928), 222-272.
doi: 10.1007/BF01459096. |
| [6] |
B. Gao and W. Zhang,
Equilibria and their bifurcations in a recurrent neural network involving iterates of a transcendental function, IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., 19 (2008), 782-794.
doi: 10.1109/TNN.2007.912321. |
| [7] |
J. Guckenheimer and P. Holmes, Nonlinear Oscillations, Dynamical Systems and Bifurcations of Vector Fields, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-1140-2. |
| [8] |
X. Hou, R. Yan and W. Zhang,
Bifurcations of a polynomial differential system of degree $n$ in biochemical reactions, Comput. Math. Appl., 43 (2002), 1407-1423.
doi: 10.1016/S0898-1221(02)00108-6. |
| [9] |
P. Kongsamutt, S. Rebelo and D. Xie,
Beyong balanced growth, Rev. Econom. Stud., 68 (2001), 869-882.
doi: 10.1111/1467-937X.00193. |
| [10] |
R. López,
Sustainable economic development: On the coexistence of resource-dependent resource-impacting industries, Environ. Dev. Econ., 15 (2010), 687-705.
doi: 10.1017/S1355770X10000331. |
| [11] |
R. E. López, G. Anríquez and S. Gulati,
Structural change and sustainable development, J. Environ. Econ. Manage., 53 (2007), 307-322.
doi: 10.1016/j.jeem.2006.10.003. |
| [12] |
R. López and M. Schiff,
Interactive dynamics between natural and man-made assets: The impact of external shocks, J. Dev. Econ., 104 (2013), 1-15.
doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.04.001. |
| [13] |
K. Matsuyama,
Agricultural productivity, comparative advantage, and economic growth, J. Econ. Theory, 58 (1992), 317-334.
doi: 10.3386/w3606. |
| [14] |
J. A. Ocampo, C. Rada and L. Taylor, Growth and Policy in Developing Countries: A Structuralist Approach, Columbia University Press, New York, 2009.
doi: 10.7312/ocam15014.
|
| [15] |
V. R. Reddya and B. Behera,
Impact of water pollution on rural communities: An economic analysis, Ecol. Econ., 58 (2006), 520-537.
doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.07.025. |
| [16] |
G. Sansone and R. Conti, Non-Linear Differential Equations, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964.
|
| [17] |
Y. Tang, D. Huang and W. Zhang,
Direct parametric analysis of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction model, IMA J. Appl. Math., 76 (2011), 876-898.
doi: 10.1093/imamat/hxr005. |
| [18] |
Y. Tang and W. Zhang,
Generalized normal sectors and orbits in exceptional directions, Nonlinearity, 17 (2004), 1407-1426.
doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/17/4/015. |
| [19] |
Z. Zhang, T. Ding, W. Huang and Z. Dong, Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations, Translations of Mathematical Monographs, 101, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, 1992. |
show all references
References:
| [1] |
A. Antoci, P. Russu, S. Sordi and E. Ticci,
Industrialization and environmental externalities in a Solow-type model, J. Econ. Dynam. Control, 47 (2014), 211-224.
doi: 10.1016/j.jedc.2014.08.009. |
| [2] |
A. Antoci, P. Russu and E. Ticci, Structural change, economic growth and environmental dynamics with heterogeneous agents, in Nonlinear Dynamics in Economics, Finance and the Social Sciences, (eds. G.I. Bischi et. al.), Springer Berlin, (2010), 13–38.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-04023-8_2. |
| [3] |
S. N. Chow and J. K. Hale, Methods of Bifurcation Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1982. |
| [4] |
W. Easterly, The political economy of growth without development: A case study of Pakistan, in In Search of Prosperity: Analytic Narratives on Economic Growth, (ed. D. Rodrik), Princeton University Press, Princeton, (2013), 439–472.
doi: 10.1515/9781400845897-016. |
| [5] |
M. Frommer,
Die intergralkurven einer gewöhnlichen differentialgleichung erster ordnung in der umgebung rationaler unbestimmtheitsstellen, Math. Ann., 99 (1928), 222-272.
doi: 10.1007/BF01459096. |
| [6] |
B. Gao and W. Zhang,
Equilibria and their bifurcations in a recurrent neural network involving iterates of a transcendental function, IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., 19 (2008), 782-794.
doi: 10.1109/TNN.2007.912321. |
| [7] |
J. Guckenheimer and P. Holmes, Nonlinear Oscillations, Dynamical Systems and Bifurcations of Vector Fields, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-1140-2. |
| [8] |
X. Hou, R. Yan and W. Zhang,
Bifurcations of a polynomial differential system of degree $n$ in biochemical reactions, Comput. Math. Appl., 43 (2002), 1407-1423.
doi: 10.1016/S0898-1221(02)00108-6. |
| [9] |
P. Kongsamutt, S. Rebelo and D. Xie,
Beyong balanced growth, Rev. Econom. Stud., 68 (2001), 869-882.
doi: 10.1111/1467-937X.00193. |
| [10] |
R. López,
Sustainable economic development: On the coexistence of resource-dependent resource-impacting industries, Environ. Dev. Econ., 15 (2010), 687-705.
doi: 10.1017/S1355770X10000331. |
| [11] |
R. E. López, G. Anríquez and S. Gulati,
Structural change and sustainable development, J. Environ. Econ. Manage., 53 (2007), 307-322.
doi: 10.1016/j.jeem.2006.10.003. |
| [12] |
R. López and M. Schiff,
Interactive dynamics between natural and man-made assets: The impact of external shocks, J. Dev. Econ., 104 (2013), 1-15.
doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.04.001. |
| [13] |
K. Matsuyama,
Agricultural productivity, comparative advantage, and economic growth, J. Econ. Theory, 58 (1992), 317-334.
doi: 10.3386/w3606. |
| [14] |
J. A. Ocampo, C. Rada and L. Taylor, Growth and Policy in Developing Countries: A Structuralist Approach, Columbia University Press, New York, 2009.
doi: 10.7312/ocam15014.
|
| [15] |
V. R. Reddya and B. Behera,
Impact of water pollution on rural communities: An economic analysis, Ecol. Econ., 58 (2006), 520-537.
doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.07.025. |
| [16] |
G. Sansone and R. Conti, Non-Linear Differential Equations, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964.
|
| [17] |
Y. Tang, D. Huang and W. Zhang,
Direct parametric analysis of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction model, IMA J. Appl. Math., 76 (2011), 876-898.
doi: 10.1093/imamat/hxr005. |
| [18] |
Y. Tang and W. Zhang,
Generalized normal sectors and orbits in exceptional directions, Nonlinearity, 17 (2004), 1407-1426.
doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/17/4/015. |
| [19] |
Z. Zhang, T. Ding, W. Huang and Z. Dong, Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations, Translations of Mathematical Monographs, 101, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, 1992. |
Figure 2.
Phase portraits of system (1) in a bounded region
| cases | interior equilibria | ||
| (C1) | none | ||
| (C2) | unknown | ||
| (C3) | |||
| (C4) | |||
| (C5) | none | ||
| (C6) | unknown | ||
| (C7) |
| cases | interior equilibria | ||
| (C1) | none | ||
| (C2) | unknown | ||
| (C3) | |||
| (C4) | |||
| (C5) | none | ||
| (C6) | unknown | ||
| (C7) |
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