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Topological phase transition III: Solar surface eruptions and sunspots
1. | Department of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China |
2. | Department of Mathematics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA |
This paper is aimed to provide a new theory for the formation of the solar surface eruptions and sunspots. The key ingredient of the study is the new anti-diffusive effect of heat, based on the recently developed statistical theory of heat by the authors [
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Attractors for the Bénard problem: Existence and physical bounds on their fractal dimension, Nonlinear Anal., 11 (1987), 939-967.
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J. Lin, W. Soon and S. L. Baliunas,
Theories of solar eruptions: A review, New Astronomy Reviews, 47 (2003), 53-84.
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T. Ma, Theory and Methods of Partial Differential Equations (in Chinese), Beijing, Science Press, 2011.
![]() |
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T. Ma and S. Wang, Statistical Theory of Heat, Hal preprint: hal-01578634, (2017). |
[5] |
——, Topological Phase Transitions I: Quantum Phase Transitions, Hal preprint: hal-01651908, (2017). |
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——, Topological Phase Transitions II: Spiral Structure of Galaxies, Hal preprint: hal-01671178, (2017). |
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A. A. Sokolov, Y. M. Loskutov and I. M. Ternov, Quantum Mechanics, Holt, Rinehart abd Winston, Inc., 1966. |
show all references
References:
[1] |
C. Foias, O. Manley and R. Temam,
Attractors for the Bénard problem: Existence and physical bounds on their fractal dimension, Nonlinear Anal., 11 (1987), 939-967.
doi: 10.1016/0362-546X(87)90061-7. |
[2] |
J. Lin, W. Soon and S. L. Baliunas,
Theories of solar eruptions: A review, New Astronomy Reviews, 47 (2003), 53-84.
|
[3] |
T. Ma, Theory and Methods of Partial Differential Equations (in Chinese), Beijing, Science Press, 2011.
![]() |
[4] |
T. Ma and S. Wang, Statistical Theory of Heat, Hal preprint: hal-01578634, (2017). |
[5] |
——, Topological Phase Transitions I: Quantum Phase Transitions, Hal preprint: hal-01651908, (2017). |
[6] |
——, Topological Phase Transitions II: Spiral Structure of Galaxies, Hal preprint: hal-01671178, (2017). |
[7] |
A. A. Sokolov, Y. M. Loskutov and I. M. Ternov, Quantum Mechanics, Holt, Rinehart abd Winston, Inc., 1966. |
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